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Major hotspots detected along the Scotia Ridge in autumn for southern right whales Eubalaena australis, Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella and Antarctic prions Pachyptila desolata

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第4期26卷 282-291页

作者： Claude R.Joiris Grant R.W.Humphries Diederik D'Hert rené-marie lafontaine Henri Robert Roseline C.Beudels-Jamar Laboratory for Polar Ecology (PolE) Conservation Biology Unit Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences Department of Ecology and Evolution. Stony Brook University

We investigated the role of hydrological features, such as water masses, fronts, eddies, and sea ice, in affecting the distribution of upper trophic level species in the Scotia Sea region during autumn. On board RV Polarstern, we performed 365 30-min strip transects recording seabirds and marine mammals along the North Scotia Ridge and the South Sandwich Trench in March--April 2013. Among the 7 identified cetacean species recorded, the humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae was the most abundant baleen whale （40 individuals）, and noteworthy were sightings of six southern right whales Eubalaena australis. Pinnipeds （3 species, 1650 individuals） were dominated by Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella （99%）, and seabirds （36 species, 18900 individuals） by Antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata （-50%）. The distribution of these top predators was highly patchy with the majority of observations concentrated in a few counts. This heterogeneity is likely a result of prey availability, and we discuss how hydrological features may have caused the patchiness.

关键词： Scotia Sea Scotia Ridge Scotia Trench seabirds & marine mammals southern right whale Antarcticfur seal Antarctic prion

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Converting antimicrobial into targeting peptides reveals key features governing protein import into mitochondria and chloroplasts

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Plant Communications 2023年第4期4卷 99-116页

作者： Oliver D.Caspari Clotilde Garrido Chris OLaw Yves Choquet Francis-Andre´Wollman Ingrid lafontaine UMR7141(CNRS/Sorbonne Universite´) Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie75005 ParisFrance Centre for Microscopy and Cellular Imaging Biology Department Loyola Campus of Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke W.Montre´alQC H4B 1R6Canada Present address:Department of Microbiology Institut Pasteur28 Rue Docteur Roux75015 ParisFrance Present address:UMR7238(CNRS/Sorbonne Universite´) Institut de Biologie Paris-SeineSorbonne Jussieu 7-9 quai Saint Bernard75005 ParisFrance

We asked what peptide features govern targeting to the mitochondria versus the chloroplast,using antimicrobial peptides as a starting *** approach was inspired by the endosymbiotic hypothesis that organelle-targeting peptides derive from antimicrobial amphipathic peptides delivered by the host cell,to which organelle progenitors became *** explore the molecular changes required to convert antimicrobial into targeting peptides,we expressed a set of 13 antimicrobial peptides in Chlamydomonas *** were systematically modified to test distinctive features of mitochondrion-and chloroplast-targeting peptides,and we assessed their targeting potential by following the intracellular localization and maturation of a Venus fluorescent reporter used as a cargo *** targeting can be achieved by some unmodified antimicrobial peptide *** to both organelles is improved by replacing lysines with *** targeting is enabled by the presence of flanking unstructured sequences,additional constraints consistent with chloroplast endosymbiosis having occurred in a cell that already contained *** indeed targeting peptides evolved from antimicrobial peptides,then required modifications imply a temporal evolutionary scenario with an early exchange of cationic residues and a late acquisition of chloroplast-specific motifs.

关键词： antimicrobial peptide Chlamydomonas reinhardtii endosymbiotic organellogenesis presequence targeting peptide transit peptide

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In vivo immunomodulatory effects of antipsychotics on inflammatory mediators:A review

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第4期3卷 551-565页

作者： Valerie Tourjman marie-Eve Koue Edouard Kouassi Stephane Potvin Centre de Recherche Fernand-Seguin Hopital Louis-H LafontaineMontrealCanada Department of Psychiatry Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealCanada Department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealCanada Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center MontrealCanada Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealCanada

Background: Substantial evidence demonstrates the presence of an inflammatory syndrome in schizophrenia, which is manifested by increased peripheral levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). Unfortunately, the immunomodulatory effects of antipsychotics on peripheral cytokine levels remain poorly understood. Objectives: The objectives of the current systematic review are to determine if antipsychotics have anti-inflammatory effects in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and to examine the relationships between antipsychotic-induced cytokine changes and drug response or common side effects. Method: A systematic search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE. Results: We identified 39 studies measureing the effects of 8 antipsychotics on 13 inflammatory mediators and 4 cytokine receptors. This literature suggests that antipsychotics (especially clozapine) consistently decrease peripheral interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and increase sIL-2R and soluble tumor-necrosis factor (sTNF-R) receptor levels. Changes in IL-2/sIL- 2R levels seem to correlate with changes in positive symptoms. Preliminary results suggest that antipsychotics decrease interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels, and increase interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels. Antipsychotic-induced changes in IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have been linked with common antipsychotic side effects (metabolic, fever). Discussion: Despite significant clinical heterogeneity across studies, this review has evidenced that antipsychotics can produce both anti- and pro-inflammatory effects that may partially contribute to drug response and drug-induced side effects. In the future, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of antipsychotics on inflammatory mediators will help to identify novel therapeutic strategies as well as novel biomarkers of treatm

关键词： Antipsychotics Cytokines Schizophrenia Weight Gain Inflammatory Markers

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