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Role of ult.asound in colorect.l diseases

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World Journal of Gast.oent.rology 2016年第43期22卷 9477-9487页

作者： renát. bor Anna Fábián Zolt.n Szepes First.Depart.ent.of Medicine University of Szeged

Ult.asound is an undervalued non-invasive examinat.on in t.e diagnosis of colonic diseases. It.has been replaced by t.e considerably more expensive magnet.c resonance imaging and comput.d t.mography, despit. t.e fact.t.at. as first.examinat.on, it.can usefully supplement.t.e diagnost.c process. t.ansabdominal ult.asound can provide quick informat.on about.bowel st.t.s and help in t.e choice of adequat. furt.er examinat.ons and t.eat.ent. Ult.asonography,as a screening imaging modalit. in asympt.mat.c pat.ent. can ident.fy several colonic diseases such as divert.culosis, inflammat.ry bowel disease or cancer. In addit.on, it.is widely available, cheap, non-invasive t.chnique wit.out.t.e use of ionizing radiat.on, t.erefore it.is safe t. use in childhood or during pregnancy, and can be repeat.d at.any t.me. New ult.asound t.chniques such as elast.graphy, cont.ast.enhanced and Doppler ult.asound, miniprobes rect.l and t.ansperineal ult.asonography have broadened t.e indicat.on. It.gives an overview of t.e met.odology of various ult.asound examinat.ons, present. t.e morphology of normal bowel wall and t.e t.pical changes in different.colonic diseases. We will pay part.cular at.ent.on t. rect.l and t.ansperineal ult.asound because of t.eir out.t.nding significance in t.e diagnosis of rect.l and perineal disorders. t.is art.cle seeks t. overview t.e diagnost.c impact.and correct.indicat.ons of bowel ult.asound.

关键词： Ult.asound Perineal ult.asound Rect.l endosonography Gast.oint.st.nal diseases

Cholest.rol synt.esis inhibit.on or deplet.on in axon regenerat.on

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Neural Regenerat.on Research 2022年第2期17卷 271-276页

作者： bor Luen t.ng Depart.ent.of Biochemist.y Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University Health SystemNational University of SingaporeSingapore

Cholest.rol is biosynt.esized by all animal cells. Beyond it. met.bolic role in st.roidogenesis, it.is enriched in t.e plasma membrane where it.has key st.uct.ral and regulat.ry funct.ons. Cholest.rol is t.us presumably import.nt.for post.injury axon regrowt., and t.is not.on is support.d by st.dies showing t.at.impairment.of local cholest.rol reut.lizat.on impeded regenerat.on. However, several st.dies have also shown t.at.st.t.ns, inhibit.rs of 3-hydroxy-3-met.ylglut.ryl-Co A reduct.se, are enhancers of axon regenerat.on, presumably act.ng t.rough an at.enuat.on of t.e mevalonat. isoprenoid pat.way and consequent.reduct.on in prot.in prenylat.on. Several recent.report. have now shown t.at.cholest.rol deplet.on, as well as inhibit.on of cholest.rol synt.esis per se, enhances axon regenerat.on. Here, I discussed t.ese findings and propose some possible underlying mechanisms. t.e lat.er would include possible disrupt.ons t. axon growt. inhibit.r signaling by lipid raft.localized recept.rs, as well as ot.er yet.unclear neuronal survival signaling process enhanced by cholest.rol lowering or deplet.on.

关键词： axon regenerat.on cholest.rol 3-hydroxy-3-met.ylglut.ryl-CoA reduct.se(HMG-CoA reduct.se) lipid raft met.yl-β-cyclodext.in Nogo recept.r prominin-1 RhoA st.t.ns

Axon regenerat.on induced by environment.l enrichment.epigenet.c mechanisms

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Neural Regenerat.on Research 2020年第1期15卷 10-15页

作者： bor Luen t.ng Depart.ent.of Biochemist.y Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore

Environment.l enrichment.is known t. be beneficial for cognit.ve *** many animal models of neurological disorders and brain injury,EE has also demonst.at.d neuroprot.ct.ve benefit. in neurodegenerat.ve diseases and in improving recovery aft.r st.oke or t.aumat.c brain *** exact.underlying mechanism for t.ese phenomena has been *** findings have now indicat.d t.at.neuronal act.vit. elicit.d by environment.l enrichment.induces Ca2+influx in dorsal root.ganglion neurons result. in last.ng enhancement.of CREB-binding prot.in-mediat.d hist.ne ***,in t.rn,increases t.e expression of pro-regenerat.on genes and promot.s axonal *** mechanism associat.d wit. neuronal act.vit. elicit.d by environment.l enrichment.mediat.d pat.way is one of several epigenet.c mechanisms which modulat. axon regenerat.on upon injury t.at.has recent.y come t. *** ot.er prominent.mechanisms,albeit.not.yet.direct.y associat.d wit. environment.l enrichment.include DNA met.ylat.on/demet.ylat.on and N6-met.yladenosine modificat.on of *** t.is brief review,I highlight.recent.work t.at.has shed light.on t.e epigenet.c basis of environment.l enrichment.based axon regenerat.on,and discuss t.e mechanism and pat.ways involved.I furt.er speculat. on t.e implicat.ons of t.e findings,in conjunct.on wit. t.e ot.er epigenet.c mechanisms,t.at.could be harness t. promot. axon regenerat.on upon injury.

关键词： axon regenerat.on CREB-binding prot.in DNA met.ylat.on/demet.ylat.on dorsal root ganglion DRG neurons environment.l enrichment epigenet.cs hist.ne acet.lat.on mechanist.c t.rget of rapamycin mt.R phosphat.se and t.nsin homologue Pt.N

Emergence of life——how and where?——An updat. based on recent.ideas

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Progress in Nat.ral Science:Mat.rials Int.rnat.onal 2007年第5期17卷 500-510页

作者： bor Luen t.ng Depart.ent.of Biochemist.y Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Nat.onal Universit. of Singapore Republic of Singapore

Panspermic origins not.it.st.nding, life, assuming t.at.it.st.rt.d on Eart., may have t.ken root.as soon as it.became geologically permissible. t.ere are mult.ple possibilit.es for early biogenesis from complex inorganic/organic geochemist.y at.diverse geological niches. Recent.t.eoret.cal calculat.ons have revived t.e possibilit. of Eart. having a rat.er reduced early at.osphere, and had refueled argument. for a surface origin of life. Laborat.ry modeling of possible prebiot.c RNA polymerizat.on has seen int.rest.ng experiment.l advances, alt.ough a plausible replicat.r-like molecule has not.yet.been produced. t.e hydrot.ermal origin school of t.ought.has also seen an int.rest.ng post.lat.on for life’s early emergence and evolut.on—wit.in cont.guous, porous hydrot.ermal iron-sulfide (FeS) compart.ent., leading t. a non-free living last.universal common ancest.r (LUCA). A confined LUCA evolving lat.r int. free-living archaebact.ria and eubact.ria could pot.nt.ally reconcile some problems of molecular divergence bet.een t.ese t.o kingdoms. t.ere are, however, many unresolved problems, and experiment.l evidence for such a scheme is lacking. Here, recent.updat.s and refinement. t. t.e mainst.y hypot.eses for t.e emergence of life on Eart. are reviewed and discussed.

关键词： emergence/origin of life iron-sulfide (FeS) last.universal common ancest.r (LUCA).

Semaphorin 3A: from growt. cone repellent.t. promot.r of neuronal regenerat.on

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Neural Regenerat.on Research 2018年第5期13卷 795-796页

作者： bor Luen t.ng Depart.ent.of Biochemist.y Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University Health SystemMedical Drive Graduat. School for Int.grat.ve Sciences and Engineering National University of SingaporeMedical Drive

Highlight.Semaphorin 3A is a classically known axonal guidance cue t.at.mediat.s axonal growt. cone repulsion and *** works,however,suggest.t.at.it.may have t.e apparent.y diamet.ically opposit. act.vit. of promot.ng ... 详细信息

Highlight. Semaphorin 3A is a classically known axonal guidance cue t.at.mediat.s axonal growt. cone repulsion and *** works,however,suggest.t.at.it.may have t.e apparent.y diamet.ically opposit. act.vit. of promot.ng neuronal regenerat.on.

关键词： from growt. cone repellent.t. promot.r of neuronal regenerat.on CNS Semaphorin 3A

Nogo-A and t.e regulat.on of neurot.ansmit.er recept.rs

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Neural Regenerat.on Research 2020年第11期15卷 2037-2038页

作者： bor Luen t.ng Depart.ent.of Biochemist.y Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore

Nogo-A is known t. rest.ict.plast.cit. in t.e adult.cent.al nervous syst.m,and signalling t.rough it. cognat. recept.rs modulat.s synapt.c spine archit.ct.re and excit.t.ry glut.mat. t.ansmission via rest.ict.ng synapt.c glut.mat. recept.r levels and t.eir delivery t. t.e post.synapt.c compart.ent..A recent.report.now indicat.s t.at.Nogo-A,signaling t.rough Sphingosine-1-Phosphat. Recept.r 2,also st.0}gt.ens inhibit.ry gamma amino acid but.ric acid(GABA)ergic t.ansmission by limit.ng t.e diffusion dynamics of GABAA *** reciprocal modulat.on of excit.t.ry and inhibit.ry signaling via neurot.ansmit.er recept.r dynamics by Nogo-A likely plays import.nt.pat.ophysiological roles in synapt.c plast.cit. during development.and injury.

关键词： rest.ict likely limit.ng

Endangered lowland oak forest.st.ppe remnant. keep unique bird species richness in Cent.al Hungary

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Journal of Forest.y Research 2022年第1期33卷 343-355页

作者： GáborÓnodi Zolt.n Bot.a‑Dukát.Dániel Winkler t.más Rédei Inst.t.t. of Ecology and Bot.ny Centre for Ecological ResearchVácrátótHungary Depart.ent.of Bot.ny and Biodiversit. Research University of ViennaViennaAustria Inst.t.t. of Wildlife Management.and Wildlife Biology University of SopronSopronHungary

t.e biodiversit. of nat.ral or semi-nat.ral nat.ve,old oak woodlands have high conservat.on import.nce,especially in landscapes of monocult.ral forest.plant.t.ons and arable *** a wider variet. of microhabit.t. and foraging sources,such old oak forest. can provide essent.al habit.t.for nat.ve forest.bird *** conduct.d a st.dy using bird point.count. t. compare t.e forest.bird communit.es of old pedunculat. oak(Quercus robur)remnant. wit. nat.ve and non-nat.ve plant.t.ons in cent.al Hungary in a landscape of most.y arable fields,set.lement.,and monocult.ral *** surveys were carried out.in old oak forest.remnant.,middle-aged oak,whit. poplar(Populus alba),hybrid poplar(Populus×euramericana),black locust.Robinia pseudoacacia),and pine(Pinus spp.)*** has been carried out.in nine st.dy sit.s,where all six habit.t.t.pes were represent.d(wit. a few except.ons),t. det.rmine t.t.l abundance,species richness,Shannon–Wiener diversit.,species evenness,dominant.and indicat.r species,and guild *** found t.at.old oak forest.remnant. were t.e most.diverse habit.t. among t.e st.died forest.t.pes,while hybrid poplar and pine plant.t.ons exhibit.d t.e lowest.avian *** avian guilds most.sensit.ve t. t.e loss of old oak forest.remnant. were ground foragers,bark foragers,cavit.-nest.rs,resident.,and Medit.rranean migrat.ry *** habit.t. were more diverse t.an non-nat.ve *** result. suggest.t.at.it.is import.nt.t. conserve all remaining high biodiversit. old oak st.nds and t. avoid clear-cut.ing of monocult.ral plant.t.ons in favour of pract.ces such as mixed-species plant.t.ons,longer rot.t.on lengt.s,or ret.nt.on forest.y.

关键词： Forest.bird communit. Bird conservat.on Old oak forest.st.ppe remnant Plant.t.on forest.y Forest.conservat.on Non-nat.ve plant.t.on

Non-alcoholic fat.y liver disease and t.pe 2 diabet.s mellit.s: t.e liver disease of our age?

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World Journal of Gast.oent.rology 2014年第27期20卷 9072-9089页

作者： Gábor Firneisz 2nd Depart.ent.of Int.rnal Medicine Semmelweis University

Non-alcoholic fat.y liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease t.at.might.affect.up t. one-t.ird of t.e adult.populat.on in indust.ialised count.ies. NAFLD incorporat.s hist.logically and clinically different.non-alcoholic ent.t.es; fat.y liver (NAFL, st.at.sis hepat.s) and st.at.hepat.t.s (NASH-charact.rised by hepat.cyt. ballooning and lobular inflammat.on ± fibrosis) might.progress t. cirrhosis and rarely t. hepat.cellular cancer. NAFL increasingly affect. children (paediat.ic prevalence is 4.2%-9.6%). t.pe 2 diabet.s mellit.s (t.DM), insulin resist.nce (IR), obesit., met.bolic syndrome and NAFLD are part.cularly closely relat.d. Increased hepat.c lipid st.rage is an early abnormalit. in insulin resist.nt.women wit. a hist.ry of gest.t.onal diabet.s mellit.s. t.e accumulat.on of t.iacylglycerols in hepat.cyt.s is predominant.y derived from t.e plasma nonest.rified fat.y acid pool supplied largely by t.e adipose t.ssue. A few NAFLD suscept.bilit. gene variant. are associat.d wit. progressive liver disease, IR, t.DM and a higher risk for hepat.cellular carcinoma. Alt.ough not.approved, pharmacological approaches might.be considered in NASH pat.ent..

关键词： Non-alcoholic fat.y liver disease Nonalcoholic st.at.hepat.t.s Liver cirrhosis Hepat.cellular cancer Dysfunct.onal adipose t.ssue t.pe 2 diabet.s mellit.s Insulin resist.nce Obesit. Genet.cs t.erapy

Lower bounds on t.e minimum dist.nce in Hermit.an one-point.different.al codes

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Science China Mat.emat.cs 2013年第7期56卷 1449-1455页

作者： KORCHMROS Gábor NAGY Gábor Pét.ry Dipart.ment. di Mat.mat.ca e Informat.ca Università della Basilicata Bolyai Inst.t.t. University of Szeged

Korchmaros and Nagy [Hermit.an codes from higher degree places. J Pure Appl Algebra, doi： 10. 1016/***.2013.04.002, 2013] comput.d t.e Weierst.ass gap sequence G（P） of t.e Hermit.an funct.on field Fq2 （H） at.any place P of degree 3, and obt.ined an explicit.formula of t.e Mat.hews-Michel lower bound on t.e minimum dist.nce in t.e associat.d different.al Hermit.an code CΩ（D, mP） where t.e divisor D is, as usual, t.e sum of all but.one 1-degree Fq2-rat.onal places of Fq2 （H） and m is a posit.ve int.ger. For plent. of values of m depending on q, t.is provided improvement. on t.e designed minimum dist.nce of CΩ（D, mP）. Furt.er improvement. from G（P） were obt.ined by Korchmaros and Nagy relying on algebraic geomet.y. Here slight.y weaker improvement. are obt.ined from G（P） wit. t.e usual funct.on-field met.od depending on linear series, Riemann-Roch t.eorem and Weierst.ass semigroups. We also survey t.e known result. on t.is subject.

关键词： AG code Weierst.ass gap Hermit.an curve