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Fire-induced carbon emissions from tropical mixed broad-leaved forests of the Terai–Siwalik region,central Nepal

Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2557-2565页

作者： Krishna bahadur bhujel rejina maskey b.anju Ambika PGautam Ramesh Prasad Sapkota Udhab Raj Khadka Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Kathmandu Forestry College Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Forest fires are one of the major environmental issues *** Nepal,substantial amounts of forest biomass and carbon are lost due to ***’s high value lowland forests are particularly vulnerable to ***,there are limited studies on the estimation of biomass loss and carbon emissions due to ***,this research addresses the information gap in the tropical mixed broad-leaved forests of Nawalparasi *** forests were divided into three strata:Lower Tropical Sal Mixed broad-leaved Forest,Hill Sal Forest and Riverine Forest,and from these four community-managed forests were selected for estimating above ground ***-two sample plots were set out for above ground biomass estimation in burnt and non-burnt *** fire incidences from 2001 to 2017 were acquired from the MODIS fire *** biomass and carbon emissions were estimated using standard allometric *** fuel fraction consumed during the fire was estimated through field surveys during the forest fire *** results show that every year,over 3158 ha of forests are burnt,resulting in some 1108 tons of carbon emissions,equivalent to approximately 4066 t CO_(2),2581 t CO and 1474 t *** the forests,the Hill Sal Forest was more vulnerable to *** management strategies,therefore,should include construction of fire lines and conservation ponds along with capacity building and raising awareness among local communities and stakeholders.

关键词： Atmosphere biomass density burnt area Carbon emission Greenhouse gases

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Passive Sampling of Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide Using Local Tubes

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第2期3卷 177-186页

作者： rejina maskey b.anju Mohan bikram Gewali Krishna Manandhar Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan University

Traditional active and automated sampling of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring techniques require expensive instrumentation which is not easily adapted for large scale monitoring by resource limited countries. This paper presents the use of locally available relatively cheaper polyethylene tubes to be developed as passive diffusive sampler and use for monitoring of ambient nitrogen dioxide using Triethanolamine (TEA) as absorbent. After extraction with double distilled water, modified Griese-Saltzmann method is used for analysis of nitrite adduct formed due to reaction of NO2 with TEA using spectrophotometer. The results are compared with Ferm-badge type passive samplers from IVL- Sweden and high volume sampling methods. The detection limits of the passive sampling methods were found to be suitable to be use in tested environment and precision of the method as expressed as Coefficient of variation are good enough for monitoring of NO2 in ambient air of Kathmandu. The method shows strong correlation with high volume sampler and no significant difference with Ferm-badge—IVL samplers at p = 0.05.

关键词： Nitrogen Dioxide Passive Sampler Diffusive Sampling

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Urban Air Quality Assessment of Kathmandu by Passive Sampling Technique

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第4期1卷 467-483页

作者： rejina maskey b.anju Mohan bikram Gewali Krishna Manandhar bidya b. Pradhan Pradeep Dangol Martin Ferm Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan University Kathmandu 5003242 Nepal Central Department of Chemistry Tribhuvan University Kathmandu 5003242 Nepal International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development （ICIMOD） Kathmandu 5003242 Nepal IVL Swedish Environment Research Institute Goteborg SE-40014 Sweden

This paper presents an assessment of air quality of the Kathmandu valley, capital city of Nepal. This is the largest urbanized area in the country of about 300 km2. In the last two decades an intensive development of demographic, traffic and industry growth in the region was observed which was reflected on the air quality degradation. In order to evaluate the urban air quality in Kathmandu, a field monitoring network for particle deposition, nitrogen dioxide （NO2） and sulphur dioxide （SO2） by passive sampling with high space resolution was implemented in co-operation with IVL-Sweden. The net work composed of 60 monitoring sites distributed in a grid of 1 × 1 km2 covering all over the main city and some rural valley. Monitoring were carried out for two seasons, rainy and dry as two campaign monitoring. The diffusive samplers were prepared and analyzed in IVL, Sweden. Good agreements in particle deposition between the two campaigns were observed. The particle deposition to the surrogate surface varied between 3 and 608 μg@cm2·monthl for the monitoring periods. The NOz concentrations on the other hand were quite similar in the two campaigns, and the SO2 concentrations were much lower in the first campaign compared to the second. The ranges of NO2 and SO2 concentrations were found to be from 5.6 to 52.6 μg/m3 and 0.6 to 23.4 μg·m-3 respectively. Arc Info/Arc map GIS 9.2 software was used for production of maps of spatial distribution of all the three parameters in the valley. Seasonal variation and traffic influence were also studied. Local meteorological effects in the distribution of pollutants were clearly observed and the NO2 concentrations were strictly related with traffic intensity.

关键词： Urban air quality particle deposition nitrogen dioxide sulphur dioxide passive sampling diffusive sampling.

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Passive Sampling of Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide Using Local Tubes

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Journal of Environmental Protection（环境保护） 2012年第2期

作者： rejina maskey b.anju Mohan bikram Gewali Krishna Manandhar

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