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Screening Test for Antibiotics in Medicinal Plants(STAMP):Using Powdered Plant Materials Instead of Extracts

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 2340-2350页

作者： Marielle Cascaes Inácio Fabio Carmona Tiago Antunes Paz Maysa Furlan Fernando Arcanjo da silva Bianca Waléria Bertoni Suzelei de Castro Franca Ana maria Soares pereira Departamento de Producao Vegetal Faculdade de Ciências AgronomicasUniversidade Estadual Paulista“Júlio de Mesquita Filho”BotucatuBrasil Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao PretoUniversidade de Sao PauloRibeirao PretoBrasil Departamento de Química Orgânica Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista“Júlio de Mesquita Filho”AraraquaraBrasil Unidade de Biotecnologia Universidade de Ribeirao PretoRibeirão PretoBrasil

Plants are a rich source of antibiotics, but screening all the existing plant species for biological activity using current methods can be time and resource consuming. The present study is to investigate whether powdered plant materials would perform as well as plant extracts in the screening of plants with antimicrobial activity. In the new method proposed (STAMP), we compared in vitro antimicrobial activity of powdered plant materials from 12 species against bacteria and fungi. We confirmed these results with their corresponding aqueous (wet) and hydro-alcoholic extracts and one species testing the antimicrobial activity of two isolated compounds. Compared with hydro-alcoholic extracts, screening using the powdered plant materials correctly identified the majority of the species with antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans (sensitivity 91%, specificity 86%), C. parapsilosis (sensitivity 100%, specificity 67%), and Staphylococcus aureus (sensitivity 64%, specificity 86%). For bacteria, the method performed better in a pH of 9.0. The antimicrobial activity of two compounds isolated from one species (maytenin and netzahualcoyone) confirmed the results. In conclusion, the use of powdered plant materials for screening plants with antimicrobial properties is a cheap, widely available, technically easy, time sparing, reproducible, and sensitive method and can significantly shorten the time and money spent during drug development.

关键词： Herbal Drug Botanical Drug Phytotherapics Natural Products

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Effect of Zn Sputtering Rate on the Morphological and Optical Properties of ZnO Films

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2013年第12期4卷 802-807页

作者： Michel Chaves Erica pereira da silva Steven Frederick Durrant Nilson Cristino da Cruz Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho José Roberto Ribeiro Bortoleto Technological Plasmas Laboratory Sao Paulo State University-UNESPSorocabaBrazil Group of Advanced Materials Sao Paulo State University-UNESPBauruBrazil

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by reactive radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering using a metallic zinc target. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to monitor and control the Zn sputtering rate for the deposition of the ZnO films. Film thicknesses ranged from 350 to 750 nm. Optical transmittances greater than 80% were observed in the wavelength interval from 450 nm to 650 nm. The energy gap of the films remained constant at (3.28 ± 0.01) eV. The surface morphology was found to be homogeneous with well-distributed structures. Surface roughness was dependent on the Zn sputtering rate, indicating that greater densities of Zn atoms increase the surface diffusion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the ZnO films were polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and preferential growth along the (002) plane.

关键词： ZnO Thin Films Surface Morphology Optical Properties OES

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Labor Pain through the Eyes of Brazilian Women and Delivery Nurses

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Open Journal of Nursing 2018年第1期8卷 78-92页

作者： Rafaela Feitosa Coutinho Taiane da silva Alves Alecssandra de Fátima silva Viduedo rejane Antonello Griboski Casandra G. R. M. P. de Leon Juliana Machado Schardosim School of Ceilandia University of Brasília Brasília Brazil Maternity Hospital Brasília Brasília Brazil The Undergraduate Program in Nursing School of Ceilandia University of Brasília Brasília Brazil

Objective: Understanding the perception of women who have recently given birth in a Brazilian hospital regarding labor pain and nursing involvement in the labor process. Methodology: exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study carried out in a Maternity part of the supplementary health system in the Federal District (DF). data were collected between May and July 2015 through interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 16 mothers and data analysis followed Bardin methodology in three phases. Results: The pain experienced during labor is surrounded by feelings and expectations. Both positive and negative feelings experienced by mothers were identified in the interviews and unanimous opinion was the fact that the second stage is the most painful period as continuous pain is experienced. Some of the participants compared pain with strong menstrual cramps, renal colic and back pain;others, said labor pain was the strongest ever experienced. The immediate contact with the newborn was referred to as a reward for coping with breast pain and suffering. Other factors such as the importance of follow-up, support and coping with the pain and care provided by health staff were also highlighted. Conclusion: empowerment of the mother and family through knowledge is considered an important tool to fight pain and cope with the birth process in a positive and physiological way, which in the long run promotes a cultural change in the population regarding the importance of vaginal birth.

关键词： Labor Pain Supplementary Health Birth Humanization Obstetrical Nursing Nursing Care

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Polyphenols in Fruits and Vegetables and Its Effect on Human Health

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第11期5卷 1065-1082页

作者： Giuseppina Pace pereira Lima Fabio Vianello Camila Renata Corrêa Renê Arnoux da silva Campos Milena Galhardo Borguini Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Sao Paulo State UniversityUNESPBotucatuSao PauloBrazil Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science University of PadovaPadovaItalia Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu Medical SchoolSao Paulo State UniversityUNESPBotucatuSao PauloBrazil

Polyphenols represent a group of chemical substances common in plants, structurally characterized by the presence of one or more phenol units. Polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in human diets and the largest and best studied class of polyphenols is flavonoids, which include several thousand compounds. Numerous studies confirm that they exert a protective action on human health and are key components of a healthy and balanced diet. Epidemiological studies correlate flavonoid intake with a reduced incidence of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the etiology of these degenerative conditions has suggested that phytochemicals showing antioxidant activity may contribute to the prevention of these pathologies. The present review deals with phenolic compounds in plants and reports on recent studies. Moreover, the present work includes information on the relationships between the consumption of these compounds, via feeding, and risk of disease occurrence, i.e. the effect on human health. Results obtained on herbs, essential oils, from plants grown in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions, were also reported.

关键词： Fruits Vegetables Consume Effect on Human Phenolic Content Thermal Processing Absorption

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Production of Peanut Intercropped with Forage Palm in Pernambuco State, Brazil

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第6期6卷 818-825页

作者： Juliana Aparecida Santos Andrade Jeandson silva Viana José Jairo Florentino Cordeiro Junior Abraao Cicero da silva Edilma pereira Goncalves Djayran Sobral Costa Academic Unit Garanhuns Federal Rural University of PernambucoRecifeBrazil

The greater use of crop fields by increasing plant population is an alternative to minimize losses to the farmers who use crop intercropped provides other benefits such as lower incidence of diseases and pests, and better exploitation and enrichment agroecosystem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the population of peanuts with and without inoculation and intercropping with forage palm on growth, productivity and biomass peanut. The treatments consisted of different populations of peanut (one, two and three rows of peanut row spacing of two meters of cactus pear), with and without inoculant, analyzed in subdivided plot scheme (3 × 2), totalizing six treatments in a randomized block design with four replications. The variables evaluated were plant height, number of branches, shoot dry mass and root nodule number, nodule dry weight, biomass productivity and legumes. The largest population of plants in number of lines of peanut intercropped with forage cactus promotes greater total biomass production and yield of beans and does not alter the height, branch number, dry mass of aerial part roots and nodules. The inoculant application did not result in to increased productivity biomass and growth of peanut plants, their use is not indicated. The planting of a row of peanuts between the rows of palm is not economically recommended.

关键词： Arachis hypogaea L. Inoculation Population Nopalea cochenillifera

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Potentially dangerous fish of the Paraiba Estuary: Identification and envenomation mechanisms

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第11期5卷 459-462页

作者： Anderson Kelvin Saraiva Macêdo Jicaury Roberta pereira da silva Samara pereira De Oliveira Vidal Haddad Jr Ana Lúcia Vendel Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas Universidade Estadual da ParaíbaCampus VRua Horácio TrajanoCristo Redentor58070-450 Joao PessoaParaíbaBrasil Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Universidade Estadual PaulistaCaixa Postal 55719618-000 BotucatuSao PauloBrasil

Objective: To present venomous and poisonous fish species in the Paraiba Estuary, Paraiba State, Brazil, with a description of the envenomation mechanisms and characteristics of the toxins. Methods: Fishes were caught by beach seine in the dry and rainy season (November 2013 and June 2014) and bimonthly between May 2016 and March 2017. Results: Eight potentially dangerous species belonging to the families Batrachoididae, Ariidae and Tetraodontidae were identified. The representatives of the former two families, toadfish and catfish, respectively had specific venom inoculating apparatuses that could penetrate tissues, releasing toxins that caused injuries mainly to fishermen. The family Tetraodontidae had poisonous species, once the pufferfish could accumulate biotoxins (especially tetrodotoxin, which is a neurotoxin produced by bacteria). Despite being toxic for consumption, these fish were often consumed by fishermen and their families. Conclusions: The present study is the first record of venomous and poisonous species in the Paraiba Estuary and contributes to the knowledge of the identification of the species and the mechanisms that cause severe envenomation and even deaths in artisanal fishing communities. Such knowledge is fundamental to future campaigns aimed at the prevention of injuries involving fish in the region and in other estuarine environments, where such fishes are common.

关键词： Catfish Poisonous fish Pufferfish Toadfish Venomous fish

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Leptin Causes the Early Inhibition of Glycolysis-and TCA Cycle-Related Genes in the Brain of Ob/Ob Mice to Restore Fertility

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2014年第3期4卷 105-113页

作者： Carlos Fernandes Baptista Samuel Marcos Ribeiro de Noronha maria de Nazareth Gamboa Ritto Eduardo Henrique da silva Freitas Melquíades pereira Júnior Mauro Abi Haidar Ismael dale Cotrim Guerreiro da silva silvana Aparecida Alves Corrêa de Noronha Marisa Teresinha Patriarca Gynecology Department Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo(EPM-UNIFESP)São PauloBrazil Departmento de Cirurgia Geral e Especializada Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UNIRIO)Rio de JaneiroBrazil Surgery Department Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo(EPM-UNIFESP)Sao PauloBrazil Departmento de Medicina Geral Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UNIRIO)Rio de JaneiroBrazil

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is undoubtedly the commonest androgen disorder in woman’s fertile period and certainly one of the most prevalent causes of anovulation. The syndrome has an estimated prevalence of 4% - 10% among women of childbearing age. Previously, our group demonstrated the effect of gonadal white adipose tissue transplantation from wild-type lean and fertile female mice to isogenic obese anovulatory ob/ob mice. These complex metabolic interrelationships between obesity and PCOS have yet to be fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gonadal white adipose tissue (WAT) transplantation from the wild-type lean and fertile female mice to isogenic obese, anovulatory mice (Lep ob/Lep ob) on the expression of glycolysis- and TCA cycle-related genes and obtain a general view of the glucose metabolism in the brain of these animals. Methods: Fifteen ob/ob mice ranging from 2 to 3 months of age were divided into 3 experimental groups: control normal weight (n = 5), obese control (n = 5) and obese 7 days leptin treated (n = 5). The whole brains of the mice were processed for RNA extraction. The samples from each group were used to perform PCR assays using an array plate containing 84 primers to study the glucose metabolism-related genes. Results: The glycolysis- and TCA cycle-related genes were significantly downregulated. The most significantly affected genes were as follows: for glycolysis (fold regulation with p day leptin treated mice show a decrease in the glucose metabolism. These results confirm the ability of the adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin to regulate early crucial genes that are related to glycolysis mechanisms and to the TCA cycle. This hormone seems to revert early the central phys

关键词： PCOS Obesity Leptin Glycolysis TCA Cycle Gene Expression

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Polyphenolic composition, antibacterial, modulator and neuroprotective activity of Tarenaya spinosa(Jacq.) Raf.(Cleomaceae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第1期9卷 12-17页

作者： Francisca Samara Muniz dos Santos Jose Weverton Almeida Bezerra Jean Paul Kamdem Aline Augusti Boligon Marli Matiko Anraku Ana Raquel pereira da silva Kleber Ribeiro Fidelis Nadghia Figueiredo Leite Antonio Ivanildo Pinho Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho Jose Edilson Goncalves dos Santos Microscopy Laboratory Regional University of Cariri (URCA) Program Post graduate in Plant Biology (UFPE) Phytochemical Laboratory Department of Industrial Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory Regional University of Cariri (URCA)

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity and neuroprotective capacity of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Tarenaya spinosa(T. spinosa) as well as to determine and quantify some of its polyphenols by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection(HPLC-daD). Methods: The bacterial Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, grown in Heart Agar Infusion, were tested. The drugs gentamicin, norfloxacin and imipenem were used to evaluate the modulating or antagonistic capacity of the T. spinosa extracts. The extract was analysed by HPLC-daD to determine the main phenolic compounds. For the cell viability tests, individual heads of the Nauphoeta cinerea arthropod model were removed, homogenized in Trifluoromethyl ketone and centrifuged afterwards. Subsequently, 20 μL of NaN O2 were added to the biological material, except in the control group, to evaluate the protection capacity of the extracts. The homogenate of the insect heads was incubated for 2 h in tubes containing tetrazolium bromide. Results: HPLC-daD demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of T. spinosa presented caffeic acid as the major compound. The ethanolic extract also showed neuroprotective effects at concentrations ≥ 10 μg/mL, while aqueous extract was shown to have a protective effect only at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. The aqueous extract demonstrated a clinically relevant antibacterial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus multidrug resistant strain-MDR, with MIC 512 μg/m L. However, when the extracts were associated with gentamicin and imipenem, a synergism was detected against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli MDR strains. Conclusions: Although it does not present an antibacterial action, the extracts of T. spinosa can be used in the pharmaceutical industries since its extracts show modulating action of drugs. Besides, these natural products have neuroprotective capacity.

关键词： Tarenaya spinosa Cleome spinose Nauphoeta cinerea Synergism Antibiotic resistance

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SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Impact Assessment for Hearing Impaired Patients

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第3期11卷 261-268页

作者： Natalia Chilinque Zambã o da silva Manoela Moreira de Oliveira Vitória Francisco pereira Ana Carolina Antônio Correia Universidade Estácio de Sá Presidente Vargas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estácio de Sá Campus Presidente Vargas Rio de Janeiro Brazil

COVID-19 is a systemic infectious disease caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused social, economic, political, and cultural repercussions for humanity. Although Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) has been recognized since 2002 as a legal means of communication and expression, most individuals with hearing impairment in Brazil do not have access to accurate information about SARS-CoV-2 available to them in Libras. Between July 2020 and November 2020, the impact of COVID-19 on deaf and hearing impaired individuals was assessed through a closed questionnaire, using Libras, via a digital platform. Deaf and hearing impaired individuals over 18 years of age and living in the Metropolitan Region II of Rio de Janeiro were eligible to participate. Frequencies were calculated for categorical variables. From the total questionnaires submitted, 55.5% of respondents claim to have “a lot” of knowledge regarding COVID-19, and 44.4% of those individuals indicated they gained this knowledge through social media. Additionally, the main difficulties encountered by the deaf and hearing impaired population during the pandemic were: communicating with others wearing masks, and poor access to medical care. Thus, for full physical, mental, and social well-being, the state must invest in the inclusion of this population through public health measures.

关键词： COVID-19 Deafness Pandemic

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Osmotic Dehydration of Pineapple Stems in Hypertonic Sucrose Solutions

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 916-924页

作者： Ronaldo dos Santos Falcao Filho Rennan pereira de Gusmao Wilton pereira da silva Josivanda Palmeira Gomes Edvaldo Vasconcelos Carvalho Filho Anoar Abbas El-Aouar Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte Currais NovosBrazil Federal University of Campina Grande Campina GrandeBrazil Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Santa CruzBrazil Federal University of Paraíba Joao PessoaBrazil

The present study provides the evaluation in the influence of the variables: temperature (T), concentration of the osmotic solution (C) and ratio of fruit and osmotic solution (F:OS) during the osmotic dehydration of slices of pineapple stem variety Perola, on the responses: water loss (WL), mass loss (ML), gain of solids (GS) and ratio of gain of solids and water loss (GS/WL). The centesimal composition was determined both in the raw material and in the dehydrated product. To optmize the process, the studied factors were: temperature (T), with factorial points -1 equal to 30°C and +1 equal to 50°C;concentration of sucrose solution (C), with factorial points -1 equal to 40 g·100 g-1 and +1 equal to 60 g·100 g-1 and ratio of fruit and osmotic dehydration solution (F:OS), with factorial points -1 and +1 equal to 1:20 and 3:20, respectively. In all essays, the dehydration time was 4 hours. The essays showed that F:OS was not significant in any responses;the models adopted were predictive and fitted for WL and ML, and reasonable for GS and GS/WL. The temperature was the most significant variable in the process;the optimized values were: T= 50°C, C = 40 g 100 g-1 e F:OS = 3:20. The product needs a complementary drying to adapt itself to the legislation demands.

关键词： Pineapple Dried Fruit Experimental Design

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