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Hydroprocessing and Blending of a Biomass-Based DTG-Gasoline

Energy Engineering 2022年第6期119卷 2169-2192页

作者： David Graf Philipp Neuner reinhard rauch Department Fuel Technology(EBI-ceb) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Engler-Bunte-InstituteKarlsruhe76131Germany

The number of annually registered internal-combustion vehicles still exceeds electric-driven ones in most regions,e.g.,*** goals are disclosed with the European Green Deal,which calls for new technical approaches and greenhouse gas neutral transition *** bridging technologies are synthetic fuels for®the transportation sector,e.g.,using the bioliq process for a CO_(2)-neutral gasoline *** must meet the applicable national standards to be used in existing *** parameters can be variably adapted to their requirements by *** this work,we considered the upgrading of aromatic-rich DTG®gasoline from the bioliq *** heavy gasoline was therefore separated from the light one by *** investigated how to selectively modify the petrochemical parameters of the heavy gasoline,especially the boiling characteristics,to make the product suitable as a high-quality blending *** commercially available Pt/zeolite catalysts were tested over a wide range of temperature and space *** achieved high gasoline yields,while the content of light end compounds up to a boiling temperature of 150°C could be increased *** contrast to the high naphthenic content of the gasoline,the obtained octane numbers were *** the Motor Octane Number turned out unexpectedly high and showed a dependency on the isomerization of the naphthenic *** blending the upgraded heavy gasoline with the previously separated light gasoline,we could finally show that hydroprocessing is suitable for adjusting petrochemical *** aromatic concentration was 37.5%lower than that in the original raw gasoline,while the boiling characteristics improved ***,the final boiling point was 82°C lower,which is beneficial for the emission behavior.

关键词： Synthetic fuels upgrading durene dimethyl ether to gasoline refinery

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INFLUENCE OF INITIAL LIQUID DISTRIBUTION ON MASS TRANSFER IN PACKED BEDS

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 1994年第2期2卷 39-53页

作者： reinhard Billet Department of Process and Environmental Engineering Ruhr University Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany

Experience from experimental studies shows that the efficiency of a column packing depends considerably on liquid flow management at the top of the column. Therefore, attention must be drawn to the need for a proper liquid distribution design in order to obtain good operation of the packed bed.The choice of the liquid distribution system depends on the geometry of the selected packings and on the operating conditions. One of the main parameters which determines the operation of the distribution and its influence on bed efficiency is the number of liquid feeders. Extensive systematic investigations were carried out under absorption, desorption and rectification conditions in beds of different dumped and regular packings, applying distributors with varying numbers of liquid outlets.The evaluations and modelling of the experimental results led to the determination of the proper number of feeder points, which mainly depends on the packing geometry represented by its open area and void fraction. The main results are shown in the form of diagrams and equations.

关键词： liquid distribution packed bed

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INFLUENCE OF PHASE RATIO ON PACKING EFFICIENCY IN COLUMNS FOR MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 1997年第2期5卷 25-34页

作者： reinhard Billet Michael Schultes Institute of Thermo-and Fluid-dynamics Ruhr-University BochumInstitute of Thermo-and Fluid-dynamicsRuhr-University Bochum D-44780 BochumGermanyD-44780 BochumGermany

The phase ratio has been found to affect the packing efficiency in packed *** ac-count for the effect,a model is set up to correlate the height of a mass transfer unit with the phaseratio with reasonable *** also is a correlation that allows to predict the efficiency inquestion at any given liquid-gas ratio using the knowledge of other efficiency values at other liquid-gas ratios.

关键词： phase ratio height of a transfer unit packings

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An Innovative Passive Tip-Leakage Control Method for Axial Turbines:Basic Concept and Performance Potential

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Journal of Thermal Science 2007年第3期16卷 215-222页

作者： Markus Hamik reinhard Willinger Institute for Thermodynamics and Energy Conversion Vienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 9/302A-1060 ViennaAustria

The present paper introduces a new concept for passive turbine tip-leakage control. The basic idea of the method is the connection of the blade leading edge and the blade tip by an internal channel. Due to the difference between the stagnation pressure at the leading edge and the low pressure at the blade tip, a small amount of the working fluid is extracted from the blade passage. At the blade tip, a jet is injected roughly perpendicular to the tip gap flow driven by the blade pressure difference. It is proposed that the jet blocks at least a part of the tip gap flow. Since the tip-leakage losses are proportional to the tip gap mass flow rate, the tip injection results in a reduction of the associated losses. After the introduction of the concept, an analytical model is presented which describes the reduction of the tip gap discharge coefficient due to the tip injection. Furthermore, the analytical model is supported by the results of a preliminary CFD analysis. Finally, the potential of the efficiency improvement by the passive blade tip injection method is reported.

关键词： axial turbine tip-leakage flow blade tip injection efficiency

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Uncertainty relations for general phase spaces

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第3期11卷 51-60页

作者： reinhard F. Werner Institut fiir Theoretische Physik Leibniz Universitiit Hannover Germany

We describe a setup for obtain!ing uncertainty relations for arbitrary pairs of observables related by a Fourier transform. The physical examples discussed here are the standard position and momentum, number and angle, finite qudit systems, and strings of qubits for quantum information applications. The uncertainty relations allow for an arbitrary choice of metric for the outcome distance, and the choice of an exponent distinguishing, e.g., absolute and root mean square deviations. The emphasis of this article is on developing a unified treatment, in which one observable takes on values in an arbitrary locally compact Abelian group and the other in the dual group. In all cases, the phase space symmetry implies the eciuality of measurement and preparation uncertainty bounds. There is also a straightforward method for determining the optimal bounds.

关键词： uncertainty relations phase space measurement uncertainty

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A high frequency of GBV-C/HGV coinfection in hepatitis C patients in Germany

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第6期6卷 833-841页

作者： reinhard H. Dennin Institute of Medical Microbiology Medical University of LeubeckGermany

AIM To detect infection rate of GBV-C/HGV inhepatitis C patients,to determine the methodsof higher sensitivity and the primers of higherefficiency for GBV-C/HGV RNA detection and tostudy the dominant subtype and mutation ofGBV-C/*** Quantitative RT-PCR for detectionpf HCV RNA concentration in serum samples,RT-nested PCR with two sets of primers fordetection of GBV-C RNA,RT-PCR ELISA with twosets of primers for detection of HGV RNA,nucleotide sequence and putative amino acidsequence *** The positive rates of GBV-C RNA atthe 5’-NCR and NS3 region in 211 serums amplesfrom the patients with HCV infection were 31.8%and 22.8% *** positive rates ofHGV RNA at the 5’-NCR and NS5 region in thesame samples were 47.9% and 31.8%*** total positive rate of GBV-C/HGV RNA was as high as 55.5%.HCV copynumbers in the patients without GBV-C/ HGVcoinfection were statistically higher than that inthe patients with GBV-C/ HGV coinfection(P<0.01).Frequent mutation of nucleotideresidue was present in the *** mutation was found in twosamples with GBV-C NS3 region *** nucleotide sequences fromamplification products showed higher homologyto HGV genome than to GBV-C genome even though part of the sequences were amplifiedwith GBV-C *** A high frequency of GBV-C/ HGV coinfection existed in the hepatitis C patients. RT-PCR ELISA was more sensitive than RT-nested PCR for detection of GBV-C/ HGV RNA. The primers derived from the 5 -NCR was more efficient than those derived from the NS3 and NS5 regions. A reverse relationship was found to exist between HCV RNA concentration and GBV-C/ HGV infection frequency. HGV was the dominant subtype of the virus in the local area. The major mutations of GBV-C/ HGV genomes were random mutation of nucleotide residue.

关键词： GB Virus C hepatitis G virus hepatitis C virus coinfection polymerase chain reaction sequencing dominant viral subtype Germany

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MAXIMAL L^(1)-REGULARITY OF GENERATORS FOR BOUNDED ANALYTIC SEMIGROUPS IN BANACH SPACES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2022年第4期42卷 1261-1272页

作者： Myong-Hwan RI reinhard FARWIG Institute of Mathematics State Academy of SciencesPyongyangDPR Korea Department of Mathematics Darmstadt University of TechnologyGermany

In this paper,we prove that the generator of any bounded analytic semigroup in(θ,1)-type real interpolation of its domain and underlying Banach space has maximal L^(1)-regularity,using a duality argument combined with the result of maximal continuous *** an application,we consider maximal L^(1)-regularity of the Dirichlet-Laplacian and the Stokes operator in inhomogeneous B_(q),^(s),1-type Besov spaces on domains of R^(n),n≥2.

关键词： Maximal L^(1)-regularity sectorial operator Stokes operator

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Deep Drawing with Local Hardening on Digital Multi-axis Servo Press

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第12期28卷 1490-1495页

作者： Sebastian Kriechenbauer reinhard Mauermann Dirk Landgrebe Fraunhofer IWU

The paper discusses a new drawing technology, based on a synchronized movement of ram and cushion with multiple bending operations in alternating directions called ＂bi-directional deep drawing（BDD）.＂ The goal is to avoid local thinning by strengthening the weak point using local hardening. BDD operations are realized before the conventional deep drawing process. This results in a local strain hardening at the weak point of the workpiece, which is usually located at the bottom punch radius. Two major aspects have to be given attention due to the high number of process parameters. On the one hand, for process design, it is helpful to have a tool by means of which it is possible to simultaneously create both the machine program for the servo press and the initial configuration for the process simulation. From the authors＇ point of view, this complexity can only be represented by a numerical analysis method, on the other hand. Consequently, both aspects are given attention in this paper.

关键词： Bi-directional deep drawing(BDD) Local hardening Servo press Pulsation

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A particle shape-based segmentation method to characterize spray dried materials by X-Ray microtomography

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Particuology 2023年第10期81卷 119-127页

作者： Nora Alina Ruprecht Heike Teichmann reinhard Kohlus University of Hohenheim Institute of Food Science and BiotechnologyDepartment of Process Engineering and Food PowdersGarbenstr.2570599StuttgartGermany

For accurate description of particle structure,single particle properties are required so that the properties of interest can be expressed as distributed parameters.X-Ray microtomography of the powder bed with subsequent particle separation can be used for this *** this paper,a new algorithm for X-Ray microtomography images of spray dried particles was introduced since standard methods tend to fail if the particle size distribution is *** algorithm is based on 2D shape classification and subsequent 3D reconstitution of the particle using only a shape classifier as free *** proposed algorithm was validated *** the algorithm,single particle porosities were obtained,which ranged from 0 to 70%.Prerequisites for the application of the algorithm are that a shape classifier can be set and that the 3D shape is regular.

关键词： Spray drying Particle structure X-Ray microtomography Segmentation algorithm Porosity distribution

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Angular effects in digital off-axis holography

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Chinese Optics Letters 2009年第12期7卷 1126-1130页

作者：赖国俊申功炘 reinhard Geisler Institute of Fluid Mechanics School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology German Aerospace Center

The relationship between the off-axis angle of the recording setup and the quality of reconstructed particle images in digital off-axis holography is studied. The interference patterns of the same particles in the same plane are recorded at different off-axis angles in horizontal and vertical directions. By means of numerical wave propagation, the particle images are reconstructed so as to evaluate and compare their quality by the numbers of particles picked out and by the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）. The results provide useful information about the relationship between the off-axis angle and the quality of the reconstructed image.

关键词： Holography

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