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Endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with stenosis of ampulla of Vater:Three-year follow-up of exocrine pancreatic function and clinical symptoms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第6期13卷 901-905页

作者： Nils Ewald Axel Michael Marzeion reinhard georg bretzel Hans Ulrich Kloer Philip Daniel Hardt Third Medical Depart-ment and Policlinic University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Giessen Site D-35392 Giessen Germany

AIM: To investigate retrospectively the long-term effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) including exocrine pancreatic function in patients with stenosis of ampulla of Vater. METHODS: After diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and ES because of stenosis of the ampulla of Vater (SOD Type Ⅰ), follow-up examinations were performed in 60 patients (mean follow-up time 37.7 mo). Patients were asked about clini-cal signs and symptoms at present and before interven-tion using a standard questionnaire. Before and after ES exocrine pancreatic function was assessed by determina-tion of immunoreactive fecal elastase 1. Serum enzymes indicating cholestasis as well as serum lipase and amy-lase were measured. RESULTS: Eighty percent of patients reported an im-provement in their general condition after ES. The fecal elastase 1 concentrations (FEC) in all patients increased significantly after ES. This effect was even more marked in patients with pathologically low concentrations (< 200 μg/g) of fecal elastase prior to ES. The levels of serum lipase and amylase as well as serum alcaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) decreased signifi-cantly after ES. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that patients with stenosis of the ampulla of Vater can be successfully treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy. The positive effect is not only indicated by sustained improvement of clinical symptoms and cholestasis but also by improvement of exocrine pancreatic function.

关键词：慢性胰腺炎内镜括约肌切开术 Oddi括约肌机能失调乳头狭窄外分泌功能症状随访

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Medical Students’Views on Psychiatry in Germany and Italy:Survey

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023年第9期25卷 985-993页

作者： Andy Man Yeung Tai Janet Suen Mostafa Mamdouh Kamel georg Schomerus Angelo Giovanni Icro Maremmaniz reinhard Michael Krausz Department of Psychiatry Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Department of Neuropsychiatry Tanta UniversityTanta31511Egypt Department of Psychiatry University of LeipzigLeipzig04109Germany Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana Health Universitaria PisanaPisa56126Italy

Objectives:In 2019,the Insititue for Health Metrics and Evaluation reported that 16%of life lost were attributed to mental *** a result,global shortage of psychiatrists is a pressing issue due to the increasing burden of mental *** 2016,a mere 5%of US medical students chose psychiatry as a career,a trend mirrored in Germany and *** the medical students of 2016 have graduated or transitioned into residency in 2023,their attitudes towards psychiatry could have contributed to today’s shortage of *** global mental health burden has only been exacerbated by the COVID-19 *** study explores the attitudes of German and Italian medical students towards psychiatry,their career aspirations,and the influence of factors such as personal experience and education on their interest in the ***:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 799 medical students in two European countries in *** answered questions about their attitudes towards psychiatry,their psychiatric education,and personal *** analyses were performed using chi-square tests and a significance level of ***:The number of years in medical school,personal experiences,and perceived quality of education significantly affected specialty choice and ranking of psychiatry compared to other ***,psychiatric placements,and views on psychiatric instructors also played a significant role in choosing psychiatry as a ***:Assessing medical students’attitudes towards psychiatry and the factors that influence their career choices,such as psychiatric education and personal experiences,can inform changes to attract students to the *** the worldwide shortage of psychiatrists is crucial to reduce the burden of mental health and substance use disorders.

关键词： Medical students psychiatry lived experiences stigma education

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Pneumothorax in a Thiel cadaver model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第2期14卷 143-147页

作者： Daniel Auinger Simon Orlob Johannes Wittig Gabriel Honnef Stefan Heschl georg Feigl Gerhard Prause Division of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine 1 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineMedical University of GrazGraz 8036Austria Division of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine 2 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineMedical University of GrazGraz 8036Austria Medical University of Graz Graz 8036Austria Research Center for Emergency Medicine Aarhus University HospitalAarhus 8200Denmark Department of Medicine Randers Regional HospitalRanders 8930Denmark Chair of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Gottfried Schatz Research CenterMedical University of GrazGraz 8036Austria Institute of Morphology and Clinical Anatomy Faculty of Health/School of MedicineWitten/Herdecke UniversityWitten 58448Germany

INTRODUCTION There has been some previous research in the field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using cadaver models.[1]The Thiel method was developed by Professor Walter Thiel (Graz, Austria) and described in 1992 and 2002. It consists of both an intravascular injection of the embalming solution and submersion of the bodies in a tank with the same solution for a determined period.[2,3]

关键词： Walter cardiopulmonary bal

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HIV and Other Sexual Transmitted Infections—Challenges for Liberal Prevention Strategies

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World Journal of AIDS 2014年第2期4卷 258-279页

作者： reinhard H. Dennin Michael Lafrenz georg Gesk AIDS Medical Board Medical Association Rostock Germany Department of Law Hsuan Chuang University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene University of Luebeck Campus Luebeck Luebeck Germany

Many countries use similar strategies in prevention campaigns, but despite that the spread of HIV is unabated. The basic messages of the current liberal prevention strategies aim to promote changes in individual behaviour so as to prevent HIV transmission. The strategies avoid any kind of regulation, prescription and controls, and trust solely on the readiness of the sexually active part of the general population, and in particular the “at-risk populations” to cooperate with those messages. However, only a small number of people have cooperated. The increase in the incidence of HIV over the past decade in the countries listed discloses the failures of the current prevention strategies. With respect to the goal of trying to influence those people prone to high-risk sexual lifestyles, and the injecting drug users, the prevention strategies have not had a meaningful effect in the long term. This is also reflected in the increase of other STIs such as hepatitis C, syphilis, and the human papilloma virus, which are worse when there is co-infection with HIV. The liberal prevention strategies turned out to be inadequate for the goal, and must be adjusted to real life situations to counteract their misuse. Meanwhile there are ample evidence-based measures which must be implemented into concerted efforts by complementing the current strategies with respect to a person-to-person bound infection. Medical care policies have to consider the non-adherence behaviour of those in need.

关键词： HIV STI Prevention Liberal Prevention Strategies

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Change of Species and Habitat Diversity in the Pannonian Region of Eastern Lower Austria over 170 Years:Using Herbarium Records as a Witness

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Natural Resources 2014年第11期5卷 583-596页

作者： Alexandra Grass Karin Tremetsberger reinhard Hossinger Karl-georg Bernhardt Institute of Botany Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences(BOKU)ViennaAustria Institute for Transport Studies Department of LandscapeSpatial and Infrastructure SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences(BOKU)ViennaAustria

By dint of historical herbarium specimens, we show how changes in species and habitat diversity can be reviewed and correlated with historical events. Our work is based on a digital database of specimens of the BOKU herbarium (WHB), which can be assigned to the Pannonian region of eastern Lower Austria. The complete dataset (n = 6655 specimens) was analyzed with the aid of statistical methods allowing computational elimination of collectors' effects (i.e. unbalanced collecting interests of collectors over time;multiple regression analysis, general linear model), from the first herbarium specimens (dating back to 1830) to the present. As a result, a significant decrease in the proportion of species of some habitats (above all water bodies and closely associated habitats, humid and wet meadows, fens and fen meadows, and nutrient poor grassland) was detected. For water-influenced habitats, this decrease correlates with the time of Danube regulation. Moreover, an increase in the proportion of species of ruderal sites was asserted during the observation period. The analysis procedure developed can be used for evaluation of major digitized herbaria in order to trace historical changes in species and habitat diversity.

关键词： Danube Regulation Fens Grassland Herbarium Analysis Water Bodies

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Concrete corrosion in wastewater systems:Prediction and sensitivity analysis using advanced extreme learning machine

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 444-460页

作者： Mohammad ZOUNEMAT-KERMANI Meysam ALIZAMIR Zaher Mundher YASEEN reinhard HINKELMANN Department of Water Engineering Shahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman 76169-13439Iran Department of Civil Engineering Hamedan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityHamedan 65181-15743Iran Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang 550000Vietnam Department of Civil Engineering Technische Universitat BerlinBerlin 13355Germany

The implementation of novel machine learning models can contribute remarkably to simulating the degradation of concrete due to environmental *** study considers the sulfuric acid corrosive factor in wastewater systems to simulate concrete mass loss using five machine learning *** models include three different types of extreme learning machines,including the standard,online sequential,and kernel extreme learning machines,in addition to the artificial neural network,classification and regression tree model,and statistical multiple linear regression *** reported values of concrete mass loss for six different types of concrete are the target values of the machine learning *** input variability was assessed based on two scenarios prior to the application of the predictive *** the first assessment,the machine learning models were developed using all the available cement and concrete mixture input variables;the second assessment was conducted based on the gamma test approach,which is a sensitivity analysis ***,the sensitivity analysis of the most effective parameters for concrete corrosion was tested using three different *** adopted methodology attained optimistic and reliable modeling *** online sequential extreme learning machine model demonstrated superior performance over the other investigated models in predicting the concrete mass loss of different types of concrete.

关键词： sewer systems environmental engineering data-driven methods sensitivity analysis

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Combined Add-on Supplementation of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin E, Vitamin A, Copper, and Selenium in Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第7期2卷 714-723页

作者： Janina Willers Sabine Fasse Nils Putschky Henning Zeidler Hans-georg Pott Michael Bernateck Winfried Demary reinhard Hein Vu Vi Pham Rainer Stange Bernhard Uehleke Heike Franziska Weidemann Guido Hoese Ralf Lichtinghagen Andreas Hahn 不详

Objectives: The present study evaluated the effects of a combined nutritional supplement, containing omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) and different antioxidative micronutrients on nutrient status and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: The study was conducted as a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. A hundred patients with defined RA were allocated to the verum or placebo group. During a period of twelve weeks they were given three capsules of their specific study supplementation every day. The daily dosage of ω-3 FA was 1.35 g (thereof 900 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 90 mg vitamin E, 600 μg vitamin A, 3 mg copper, and 75 μg selenium, or soy oil (placebo), respectively. Outcome variables were the changes in DAS 28, the number of tender and swollen joints, morning stiffness, and supply with different nutrients (e.g. serum concentration of EPA, AA and vitamin E), as well as blood lipid levels. Results: Sixty-four participants were included in this analysis: 30 receiving verum and 34 placebo. After twelve weeks of intervention, little but not significant improvements were observed in the DAS 28 and other clinical factors. Subgroup analysis revealed that the effect was much more pronounced in patients who were at least at a moderate activity of illness. Regarding the nutritional status, the serum concentration of EPA (P < 0.001), vitamin E (P < 0.01), SOD (P < 0.05), and GPx (P < 0.001) increased significantly, while AA (P < 0.001) decreased after supplementation. The concentration of triglycerides decreased significantly in the verum group (P < 0.05) but not in the placebo group. Conclusions: A twelve week add-on supplementation of a combined food supplement (ω-3 FA + antioxidants) effected modest but not significant changes in the clinical parameters in RA. Though vitamin E, SOD and GPx improved significantly, equivalent to an increased antioxidant defence. This supplementation was dedicated to enhance the nutritional s

关键词： Rheumatoid Arthritis Nutrition Omega-3 Fatty Acids Antioxidants Lipid Profil

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Responses of Native Tree Species to Soil Water Stress in a Tropical Forest on Limestone,Vietnam

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Open Journal of Forestry 2015年第7期5卷 711-722页

作者： Le Van Binh Nguyen Van Thinh reinhard Kopp Vo Dai Hai Ralph Mitlohner Department of Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology Georg-August-Universitat GottingenGottingenGermany Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences Ha NoiVietnam

Forests over limestone in the tropics have received little attention and limestone forests in Vietnam have been overlooked to an even greater extent in terms of tree physiology. In Ba Be National Park, Vietnam, soil water availability in limestone forests seems to be the most limiting factor in the dry season. Therefore, in order to enhance the preliminary knowledge of choosing native tree species for enrichment planting in the restoration zone, characteristics of the 20 native tree species to soil water stress were investigated in a limestone forest. One-ha plot each consisting of twenty-five 20 m × 20 m plots was established in undisturbed forests. All trees ≥ 10 cm DBH were measured in 20 m × 20 m plots, while twenty-five 5 m × 5 m subplots were established in order to sample the regeneration of tree species with a DBH < 10 cm. The Scholander apparatus and freezing point osmometry were used in order to measure the leaf water potential (Ψw) and leaf osmotic potential (Ψπ) of the 20 native tree species, respectively in this study. 61 species belonging to 34 families of all trees with a DBH ≥ 10 cm were recorded in one ha, while 31 species representing 18 families of trees < 10 cm DBH were identified in 625 m2. The 20 species’ leaf water and osmotic potential values revealed significant differences among species. The maximum leaf water potential was not affected by any anticipated sources of variation, while the minimum water potential, however, showed significant variation to soil water stress. The results in the study area emphasized the importance of water factors in influencing tree species distribution;it could be concluded that native species with wide water potential ranges would be better able to withstand water changes and might be thus good candidates for reforestation (enrichment planting) in limestone areas.

关键词： Tropical Limestone Forests Floristic Composition Native Tree Species Leaf Water Potential Leaf Osmotic Potential

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SHui, an EU-Chinese cooperative project to optimize soil and water management in agricultural areas in the ⅩⅪ century

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： José A.Gómez Alon Ben-Gal Juan J.Alarcón Gabrielle De Lannoy Shannon de Roos Tomá(s)Dostál Elias Fereres Diego S.Intrigliolo Josef Krása Andreas Klik Gunther Liebhard reinhard Nolz Aviva Peeters Elke Plaas John N.Quinton Rui Miao Peter Strauss Weifeng Xu Zhiqiang Zhang Funing Zhong David Zumr Ian C.Dodd Institute for Sustainable Agriculture IASCSICAvda Menendez Pidal S/NCordobaSpain Agricultural Research Organization Gilat Research CenterIsrael Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura(CSIC) Dept.RiegoMurciaSpain Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Civil Engineering.CVUTPragueCzech Republic Agronomy Department University of CordobaCordobaSpain University of Agricultural Sciences Vienna(BOKU) ViennaAustria TerraVision Lab Midreshet Ben-GurionIsrael georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Germany Centre for Sustainable Agriculture Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityUK Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina Institute for Land and Water Management Research Federal Agency for Water ManagementPetzenkirchenAustria College of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina College of Economics and Management Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNAUNanjingChina

This article outlines the major scientific objectives of the SHui project that seeks to optimize soil and water use in agricultural systems in the EU and China,by considering major current scientific challenges in this ***(for Soil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping systems)is large cooperative project that aims to provide significant advances through transdisciplinary research at multiple scales(plot,field,catchment and region).This paper explains our research platform of long-term experiments established at plot scale,approaches taken to integrate crop and hydrological models at field scale;coupled crop models and satellite-based observations at regional scales;decision support systems for specific farming situations;and the integration of these technologies to provide policy recommendations through socio-economic analysis of the impact of soil and water saving *** also outlines the training of stake-holders to develop a basic common curriculum despite the subject being distributed across different disciplines and *** such,this article provides a review of major challenges for improving soil and water use in EU and China as well as information about the potential to access information made available by SHui,and to allow others to engage with the project.

关键词： Yield Sustainability Cropping Cooperation

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Landau和Schur——残酷年代中的终身友谊

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数学译林 2023年第1期42卷 56-64页

作者： reinhard Siegmund-Schultze 王瑞霞(译) 王涛(校) 挪威Agder大学不详

本文我们要追忆两位重要的德国犹太裔数学家:Edmund Landau(兰道,1877-1938)和Issai Schur(舒尔,1875-1941).两人是密友,年龄相仿,而且都是柏林大学georg Frobenius(弗罗贝尼乌斯,1849-1917)1900年前后在柏林的学生。

关键词： Landau 柏林大学犹太裔弗罗贝尼乌斯数学家

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