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Uncertainty relations for general phase spaces

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第3期11卷 51-60页

作者： reinhard F. Werner Institut fiir Theoretische Physik Leibniz Universitiit Hannover Germany

We describe a setup for obtain!ing uncertainty relations for arbitrary pairs of observables related by a Fourier transform. The physical examples discussed here are the standard position and momentum, number and angle, finite qudit systems, and strings of qubits for quantum information applications. The uncertainty relations allow for an arbitrary choice of metric for the outcome distance, and the choice of an exponent distinguishing, e.g., absolute and root mean square deviations. The emphasis of this article is on developing a unified treatment, in which one observable takes on values in an arbitrary locally compact Abelian group and the other in the dual group. In all cases, the phase space symmetry implies the eciuality of measurement and preparation uncertainty bounds. There is also a straightforward method for determining the optimal bounds.

关键词： uncertainty relations phase space measurement uncertainty

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Deep Drawing with Local Hardening on Digital Multi-axis Servo Press

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(english Letters) 2015年第12期28卷 1490-1495页

作者： Sebastian Kriechenbauer reinhard Mauermann Dirk Landgrebe Fraunhofer IWU

The paper discusses a new drawing technology, based on a synchronized movement of ram and cushion with multiple bending operations in alternating directions called ＂bi-directional deep drawing（BDD）.＂ The goal is to avoid local thinning by strengthening the weak point using local hardening. BDD operations are realized before the conventional deep drawing process. This results in a local strain hardening at the weak point of the workpiece, which is usually located at the bottom punch radius. Two major aspects have to be given attention due to the high number of process parameters. On the one hand, for process design, it is helpful to have a tool by means of which it is possible to simultaneously create both the machine program for the servo press and the initial configuration for the process simulation. From the authors＇ point of view, this complexity can only be represented by a numerical analysis method, on the other hand. Consequently, both aspects are given attention in this paper.

关键词： Bi-directional deep drawing(BDD) Local hardening Servo press Pulsation

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Influence of antibiotic-regimens on intensive-care unit-mortality and liver-cirrhosis as risk factor

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第16期22卷 4201-4210页

作者： Mireen friedrich-Rust Beate Wanger Florian Heupel Natalie Filmann reinhard Brodt Volkhard AJ Kempf Johanna Kessel Thomas A Wichelhaus eva Herrmann Stefan Zeuzem Joerg Bojunga Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology Pulmonology Endocrinology) J.W. Goethe-University Hospital Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling Faculty of Medicine J.W. Goethe-University Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Disease Oncology Hematology) J.W. Goethe-University Hospital Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control J.W. Goethe-University Hospital

AIM: To assess the rate of infection, appropriateness of antimicrobial-therapy and mortality on intensive care unit(ICU). Special focus was drawn on patients with liver ***: The study was approved by the local ethical committee. All patients admitted to the Internal Medicine-ICU between April 1, 2007 and December 31, 2009 were included. Data were extracted retrospectively from all patients using patient charts and electronic documentations on infection, microbiological laboratory reports, diagnosis and therapy. Due to the large hepatology department and liver transplantation center, special interest was on the subgroup of patients with liver cirrhosis. The primary statistical-endpoint was the evaluation of the influence of appropriate versusinappropriate antimicrobial-therapy on ***: Charts of 1979 patients were available. The overall infection-rate was 53%. Multiresistantbacteria were present in 23% of patients with infection and were associated with increased mortality(p ents with infection had significantly increased in-hospital-mortality(34% vs 17%, p ents with infection received inappropriate initial antimicrobial-therapy, no influence on mortality was observed. Independent risk-factors for in-hospital-mortality were the presence of septicshock, prior chemotherapy for malignoma and infection with pseudomonas spp. Infection and mortality-rate among 175 patients with liver-cirrhosis was significantly higher than in patients without liver-cirrhosis. Infection increased mortality 2.24-fold in patients with cirrhosis. patients with liver cirrhosis were at an increased risk to receive inappropriate initial antimicrobial ***: The results of the present study report the successful implementation of early-goal-directed therapy. Liver cirrhosis patients are at increased risk of infection, mortality and to receive inappropriate therapy. Increasing burden are multiresistant-b

关键词： Intensive care unit Sepsis-bundle early goal-directed therapy Liver cirrhosis Mortality

Merging bound states in the continuum in an open acoustic resonator

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 124-131页

作者： Lujun Huang Bin Jia Artem S.Pilipchuk Sibo Huang Chen Shen Almas F.Sadreev Yong Li Andrey e.Miroshnichenko School of Physics and electronic Sciences East China Normal University Institute of Acoustics Tongji University L.V.Kirensky Institute of Physics Department of Mechanical engineering Rowan University School of engineering and Technology University of New South Wales at Canberra

Bound states in the continuum （BICs） are perfectly localized resonances despite embedding in the continuum ***,an isolated BIC is very sensitive to the structure ***,we report merging acoustic BICs in a single open resonator,robust against the structure *** find that both symmetry-protected BIC and friedrich-Wintgen BIC are sustained in a single coupled waveguide-resonator *** varying the height and length of the resonator,these two BICs move toward each other and merge into a single one at a critical *** to an individual BIC,the merged BIC is robust against fabrication error because its Q-factor is proportional to ΔL-4,whereΔL embodies the structure *** essence of this extraordinary phenomenon is perfectly explained by the two-and three-level approximations of the effective nonHermitian ***,we present direct experimental demonstrations of the moving and merging of BICs in a coupled 3D waveguide-resonator,which are evidenced by the vanishing of the linewidth of Fano resonance in the transmission *** results may find exciting applications in designing high-quality acoustic sources,sensors and filters.

关键词： acoustic resonances bound state in the continuum high-Q resonances

Dielectrophoretic assembly of carbon nanotubes and stability analysis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第4期23卷 367-373页

作者： Libao An Craig friedrich College of Mechanical engineering Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic MaterialsHebei United University Department of Mechanical engineering-engineering Mechanics Multi-Scale Technologies InstituteMichigan Technological University

Nanoscale dimensions and remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes make them promising building blocks for *** requirement is the need to manipulate single or multiple carbon nanotubes to bridge electronic *** this paper,multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a variety of sizes are assembled onto electrodes using alternative current electric felds by *** effect of the dielectrophoretic parameters and the nanotube size as well as the length uniformity on the assembly is experimentally ***–voltage characteristics of assembled carbon nanotubes are *** experimental results showed that both the dielectrophoretic parameters and length uniformity of carbon nanotubes have an infuence on the stability of assembly *** uniform carbon nanotubes with an appropriate length and suffcient stiffness,which are more controllable by dielectrophoresis,is necessary for an assembly of a small number of carbon nanotubes.

关键词： Carbon nanotube Assembly Dielectrophoresis Process parameter Stability

Deep reinforcement learning for the optimized operation of large amounts of distributed renewable energy assets

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energy and AI 2023年第1期11卷 106-117页

作者： Jan Martin Specht reinhard Madlener Institute for Future energy Consumer Needs and Behavior(FCN) School of Business and Economics/E.ON Energy Research CenterRWTH Aachen UniversityMathieustraße 1052074AachenGermany Department of Industrial economics and Technology Management Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Sentralbygg 17491GløshaugenTrondheimNorway

This study utilizes machine learning and,more specifically,reinforcement learning(RL)to allow for an optimized,real-time operation of large numbers of decentral flexible assets on private household scale in the electricity *** potential and current obstacles of RL are demonstrated and a guide for interested practitioners is provided on how to tackle similar tasks without advanced skills in neural network *** the application in the energy domain it is demonstrated that state-of-the-art RL algorithms can be trained to control potentially millions of small-scale assets in private *** detail,the applied RL algorithm outperforms common heuristic algorithms and only falls slightly short of the results provided by linear optimization,but at less than a thousandth of the simulation ***,RL paves the way for aggregators of flexible energy assets to optimize profit over multiple use cases in a smart energy grid and thus also provide valuable grid services and a more sustainable operation of private energy assets.

关键词： Reinforcement learning Virtual power plant Aggregation of energy Value stacking Flexibility of decentral energy assets

Hydrochemistry,Origin and evolution of Sedimentary Sub- surface Fluids:*** diagenetic pore- water evolution in low-sedimentation rate offshore basins

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Acta Geochimica 1986年第4期5卷 297-319页

作者： reinhard HeSSe Department of Geological Sciences McGill University Montreal. Quebec H3A 2A7 Canada

Pore water studies enable (1) the detection of diagenetic reactions actively occurring in the sediment atthe time of sampling,(2) the distinction between principal modes of solute transport, i.e., between advection(convection) and diffusion, and (3) the assessment of mineral-solution equilibria, Pore waters are, therefore,preferred diagnostic objects in the study of diagenesis, particularly early diagenesis. The single most important factor for pore-fluid evolution in modern offshore basins is sedimentationrate which is closely correlated with organtic matter content of the sediment. Organic matter represents themost reactive sediment constituent which, through bacterial decomposition, provides some of the mainsolutes involved in early diagenetic mineralization reactions. On the basis of sedimentation rate and organicmatter content, it is convenient to distinguish two end-members of basins (environments) with respect toearly diagenesis: Ⅰ. Low to in termediate-sedimentation rate basins with convection or diffusion-controlledpore-water profiles and Ⅱ. high-sedimentation rate basins with reaction-controlled pore-water profiles. The first group of basins or environments, which is the subject of this paper, is typically represented bypelagic sediments. Three principally different trends of pore-water evolution occur: 1. convection-controlledprofiles with no pronounced vertical gradients for the dissolved species; 2. diffusion-controlled profiles withvertical gradients but linear correlations between major ions, especially Ca and Mg, and 3. profiles withgradients but no linear correlation between the major ions. The later are transitional to the trends seen inhigh-sedimentation rate basins. With respect to redox-potentials, the diagenetic environments of low-sedimentation rate basins are generally oxic to suboxic.

关键词： Hydrochemistry,Origin and evolution of Sedimentary Sub surface Fluids water evolution in low-sedimentation rate offshore basins rate

Function and regulation of self-reactive marginal zone B cells in autoimmune arthritis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第4期12卷 493-503页

作者： Anna-Karin e Palm Heike C friedrich Anja Mezger Maya Salomonsson Linda K Myers Sandra Kleinau Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Department of Pediatrics University of Tennessee Health ScienceCenter Memphis TN USA

Polyreactive innate-type B cells account for many B cells expressing self-reactivity in the periphery. Improper regulation of these B cells may be an important factor that underlies autoimmune disease. Here we have explored the influence of self-reactive innate B cells in the development of collagen-induced arthritis （CIA）, a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. We show that splenic marginal zone （MZ）, but not B- 1 B cells exhibit spontaneous IgM reactivity to autologous collagen II in na＇=＇ve mice. Upon immunization with heterologous collagen II in complete Freund＇s adjuvant the collagen-reactive MZ B cells expanded rapidly, while the B-1 B cells showed a modest anti-collagen response. The MZ B cells were easily activated by toll-like receptor （TLR） 4 and 9-1igands in vitro, inducing proliferation and cytokine secretion, implying that dual engagement of the B-cell receptor and TLRs may promote the immune response to self-antigen. Furthermore, collagen-primed MZ B cells showed significant antigen-presenting capacity as reflected by cognate T-cell proliferation in vitroand induction of IgG anti-collagen antibodies in vivo. MZ B cells that were deficient in complement receptors I and 2 demonstrated increased proliferation and cytokine production, while Fcy receptor lib deficiency of the cells lead to increased cytokine production and antigen presentation. In conclusion, our data highlight self-reactive MZ B cells as initiators of the autoimmune response in CIA, where complement and Fc receptors are relevant in controlling the self-reactivity in the cells.

关键词： arthritis complement receptors Fc receptors marginal zone B cells, mice

Hydroprocessing and Blending of a Biomass-Based DTG-Gasoline

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energy engineering 2022年第6期119卷 2169-2192页

作者： David Graf Philipp Neuner reinhard Rauch Department Fuel Technology(eBI-ceb) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Engler-Bunte-InstituteKarlsruhe76131Germany

The number of annually registered internal-combustion vehicles still exceeds electric-driven ones in most regions,e.g.,*** goals are disclosed with the european Green Deal,which calls for new technical approaches and greenhouse gas neutral transition *** bridging technologies are synthetic fuels for®the transportation sector,e.g.,using the bioliq process for a CO_(2)-neutral gasoline *** must meet the applicable national standards to be used in existing *** parameters can be variably adapted to their requirements by *** this work,we considered the upgrading of aromatic-rich DTG®gasoline from the bioliq *** heavy gasoline was therefore separated from the light one by *** investigated how to selectively modify the petrochemical parameters of the heavy gasoline,especially the boiling characteristics,to make the product suitable as a high-quality blending *** commercially available Pt/zeolite catalysts were tested over a wide range of temperature and space *** achieved high gasoline yields,while the content of light end compounds up to a boiling temperature of 150°C could be increased *** contrast to the high naphthenic content of the gasoline,the obtained octane numbers were *** the Motor Octane Number turned out unexpectedly high and showed a dependency on the isomerization of the naphthenic *** blending the upgraded heavy gasoline with the previously separated light gasoline,we could finally show that hydroprocessing is suitable for adjusting petrochemical *** aromatic concentration was 37.5%lower than that in the original raw gasoline,while the boiling characteristics improved ***,the final boiling point was 82°C lower,which is beneficial for the emission behavior.

关键词： Synthetic fuels upgrading durene dimethyl ether to gasoline refinery