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Different Asian Monsoon Rainfall Responses to Idealized Orography Sensitivity Experiments in the HadGEM3-GA6 and FGOALS-FAMIL Global Climate Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第8期35卷 153-166页

作者： Kai Chi WONG Senfeng LIU Andrew G. TURNER reinhard K. SCHIEMANN Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading RG6 6BB United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Recent work has shown the dominance of the Himalaya in supporting the Indian summer monsoon （ISM）, perhaps by surface sensible heating along its southern slope and by mechanical blocking acting to separate moist tropical flow from drier midlatitnde air. Previous studies have also shown that Indian snmmer rainfall is largely unaffected in sensitivity experiments that remove only the Tibetan Plateau. However, given the large biases in simulating the monsoon in CMIP5 models, such results may be model dependent. This study investigates the impact of orographic forcing from the Tibetan Plateau, Himalaya and Iranian Plateau on the ISM and East Asian snmmer monsoon （EASM） in the UK Met Office＇s HadGEM3-GA6 and China＇s Institute of Atmospheric Physics FGOALS-FAMIL global climate models. The models chosen featnre oppositesigned biases in their simulation of the ISM rainfall and circulation climatology. The changes to ISM and EASM circulation across the sensitivity experiments are similar in both models and consistent with previous studies. However, considerable differences exist in the rainfall responses over India and China, and in the detailed aspects such as onset and retreat dates. In particular, the models show opposing changes in Indian monsoon rainfall when the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau orography are removed. Our results show that a multi-model approach, as suggested in the forthcoming Global Monsoon Model Intercomparison Project （GMMIP） associated with CMIP6, is needed to clarify the impact of orographic forcing on the Asian monsoon and to fully understand the implications of model systematic error.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau East Asian summer monsoon Indian summer monsoon model bias Global Monsoon Model Intercompaxison Project (GMMIP)

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The ‘Urban Elements'method for teaching parametric urban design to professionals

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第4期7卷 573-587页

作者： Aurel yon Richthofen Katja Knecht Yufan Miao reinhard Konig ETH Zurich Future Cities Laboratory SingaporeSingapore-ETH CentreSingapore Bauhaus University Weimar Belvederer Allee 199423 WeimarGermany Austrian Institute of Technology Vienna TECHbase ViennaGiefinggasse 21210 ViennaAustria

The article proposes a method for teaching advanced urban design to working professionals in Singapore. The article aims to expand the discourse on parametric urban design education by introducing ‘Urban Elements’ as conceptual urban design instruments with an inherent rule-based logic, which can help to bridge gaps in teaching parametric urban design thinking. As case study we present a course developed for and delivered to the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) in Singapore in 2017 by the Future Cities Laboratory at the Singapore-ETH Centre. The article reports on the pedagogical method, course results and course feedback. The main difficulties of teaching professionals in parametric urban design are described and possible reasons and improvements are discussed. The results show that participants using the ‘Urban Elements’ method successfully linked theoretical input to urban design problems, applied evidence-based urban design strategies to these problems, and developed parametric definitions to explore the solution spaces of these urban design challenges. The teaching methodology presented opens up a new research field for urban design pedagogy at the intersection of explicating urban design intent, integrating multidisciplinary knowledge and exploring new software driven tools.

关键词： Urban design education Parametric urban design Singapore Urban Elements

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Listen to the sound of moving sediment in a small gravel-bed river

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2016年第3期31卷 271-278页

作者： Andreas Krein Reimar Schenkluhn Andreas Kurtenbach reinhard Bierl Julien Barrière Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology Environmental Research and Innovation Department Department of Hydrology University of Trier National Museum of Natural History(Mnhn) European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology

In order to assess the dynamics of rivers,a reliable characterization of bedload transport particularly during unsteady flow regimes is *** contrast to highly energetic cases in hillslope areas,we aim to answer the question whether the usage of acoustic measurements can improve the characterization of bedioad in small rivers draining low land mountains with comparatively low water discharge and *** addition to the investigation of natural flood events,controlled floods were generated by releasing water from a reservoir into a small gravel-bed *** controlled releases allow for an evaluation of bedioad solely from channel storage or bank *** acoustical in-situ characterization of bedioad transport,hydrophones were mounted onto the bottom side of steel plates,thus recording the impacts of sediments via the acoustic vibrations on the surface of the plates while at the same time minimizing the disturbing noise resulting from water *** bedioad traps are removable boxes with open lids fixed in the riverbed so that bedioad material registered by the hydrophone is *** acoustic signals correlate well with the quantity of the transported *** summer flood events the highest transport rates occur at the beginning of the rising limb featuring clockwise *** is due to the rising transport energy of the flow and the presence of loose,unconsolidated *** typical winter flood events bedioad shows anticlockwise *** intensification of bedioad conveyance after the runoff peak can be explained by a decreasing stability of the bed material from the beginning to the end of a transport *** behavior also results from a combination of bedioad exhaustion in the vicinity of the monitoring station with a delayed arrival of new material from distal sources later in the hydrograph.

关键词： Bedload Gravel-bed Hydroacoustic Hysteresis Plate system

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二甲双胍在慢性高胰岛素处理的Hep G2细胞对胰岛素受体后信号转导的调节作用(英文)

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2003年第1期24卷 57-62页

作者：袁莉,reinhard ZIEGLER,Andreas HAMANN 德国海德堡大学医院内分泌代谢科德国海德堡大学医院内分泌代谢科德国海德堡大学医院内分泌代谢科海德堡 69115 德国 Department of Endocrindlogy in Union Hospital of tongji Medical Colege Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China 海德堡 69115 德国海德堡 69115 德国

目的:研究慢性高胰岛素对胰岛素受体后信号转导的影响及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系,并探讨二甲双胍治疗胰岛素抵抗是否通过胰岛素信号转导途径的介导。方法:人类肝癌细胞系(Hep G2)在无血清条件下首先与100nmol/L高浓度胰岛素预温育16h以产... 详细信息

目的:研究慢性高胰岛素对胰岛素受体后信号转导的影响及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系,并探讨二甲双胍治疗胰岛素抵抗是否通过胰岛素信号转导途径的介导。方法:人类肝癌细胞系(Hep G2)在无血清条件下首先与100nmol/L高浓度胰岛素预温育16h以产生胰岛素抵抗细胞模型,并观察不同浓度(0.01-10mmol/L)的二甲双胍对胰岛素受体后磷酯酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)途径信号转导的影响。结果:高浓度胰岛素100nmol/L慢性处理引起了IRβ、IRS1和IRS2的酪氨酸磷酸化和蛋白表达水平的下调,p85与IRS的相互作用也有显著降低。生理治疗浓度的(0.01-0.1mmol/L)二甲双胍逆转了这种慢性高胰岛素引起的信号下调,细胞用0.1mmol/L二甲双胍预温育后,IRB、IRS1和IRS2的磷酸化反应水平分别增加了2.7倍(P<0.01),6.8倍(P<0.01)和2.3倍(P<0.01),p85与IRS1的相互作用从34％增加至86％(P<0.01),与IRS2的相互作用从30％增加至92％(P<0.01)。相反,药物浓度(1-10mmol/L)的二甲双胍进一步抑制了IRB、IRS的磷酸化及IRS与p85的相互作用。结论:高浓度胰岛素慢性处理可引起胰岛素受体后PI3K途径信号转导的下调,二甲双胍对胰岛素信号转导的作用可能是其治疗胰岛素抵抗的主要分子机制。

关键词：二甲双胍胰岛素受体信号传递

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Mutations in precore and core promoter region of HBV in patients with hepatic failure

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2002年第1期1卷 63-67页

作者： reinhard H. Dennin Jian-Er Wo Institute of Microbiology Luebeck Medical College Germany Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310003China

Objective: To clarify the association of hepatitis Bvirus mutants in precore and core promoter regions inpatients with hepatic failure and HBeAg ***: Precore and core promoter regions of 25HBV isolates from the patients with hepatic failurewere analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)direct sequencing ***: Precore G-to-A^(1896) mutants were identified in16 (64%) of the 25 isolates. The 'hot spot' mutationsat A-to-T^(1762) and G-to-A^(1764) were present together in19 (76%) of the 25 isolates, while C-to-T^(1653) and T-to-C^(1753) existed in a mutually exclusive manner andmore frequently in hepatic failure with liver cirrhosisgroup than in hepatic failure with chronic hepatitisgroup (100% vs 50%). Both A^(1896) and T^(1762)-A^(1764)could be found frequently in HBeAg-positive subjects(77.8% and 88.9%), whereas T^(1653)/C^(1753) was moreprevalent in anti-HBe-positive subjects than inHBeAg-positive subjects (93.8% vs 33.3%).Conclusions: The whole frequency of mutations in pre-core and core promoter gene will become more fre-quent as HBV infection is to be persistent. Mutationto T^(1653)/C^(1753) may be useful as a marker for hepaticfailure. It requires further study whether the mixedinfection of mutants and wilds will develop and affectthe condition of HBeAg in serum along the progres-sion of liver disease.

关键词： mutations gene hepatitis B virus

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Experimental small bowel preservation using Polysol: A new alternative to University of Wisconsin solution, Celsior and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第27期13卷 3684-3691页

作者： Lai Wei Koichiro Hata Benedict Marie Doorschodt reinhard Büttner Thomas Minor René H Tolba House of Experimental Therapy University of Bonn 53105 Bonn Germany Institute of Organ Transplantation Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei Province China Surgical Laboratory Academic Medical Center 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands Institute of Pathology University of Bonn 53105 Bonn Germany Surgical Research Division Department of Surgery University of Bonn 53105 Bonn Germany

AIM: To evaluate the potential of Polysol, a newly developed preservation solution, in cold storage of small bowel grafts, compared with the current standards, University of Wisconsin solution (UW), Celsior and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution (HTK). METHODS: Male Wistar rats were used as donors. Small bowels were retrieved, flushed and then stored in the respective 4 solutions for 18 h at 4℃. Functional integrity of the grafts was evaluated by isolated reperfusion with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer at 37℃ for 30 min in all 4 groups. RESULTS: Polysol preservation exhibited the highest tissue ATP concentration and the lowest release of LDH. Malondialdehyde, an index for tissue lipid peroxidation, was also the lowest in Polysol. Tissue oxygen consumption was significantly higher in Polysol than in the others. Of interest, UW-storage promoted 10-fold higher apoptosis than in the others. Moreover, electron microscopy revealed that the mucosal villi/micro-villi formation and the cell organelles, including mitochondria, were both significantly better preserved in Polysol, while deleterious alterations were apparent in the others, most notably in UW. Although Celsior and HTK exhibited the better trend of results than UW in some parameters, but could not reach the over-all superiority to ***: Cold storage using Polysol resulted in significantly better integrity and function of small bowel grafts than UW. Hence, Polysol may be a novel alternative for the small bowel preservation.

关键词： Small bowel transplantation Ischemia/reperfusion Cold storage Polysol University of Wisconsin solution Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution Celsior

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Root Exudation of Organic Acids of Herbaceous Pioneer Plants and Their Growth in Sterile and Non-Sterile Nutrient-Poor,Sandy Soils from Post-Mining Sites

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 34-44页

作者： Katja BOLDT-BURISCH Bernd Uwe SCHNEIDER M.Anne NAETH reinhard F.HTTL Chair of Soil Protection and Recultivation Brandenburg University of Technology Helmholtz Centre Potsdam-German Research Centre for Geosciences Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta

Nutrient-poor, sandy soils form the prevailing substrate at post-mining sites of the Lusatian region(Brandenburg, Germany) and present a challenge for vegetation development. We studied the organic acid quantity and composition of three commonly occurring pioneer plant species, the legumes Lotus corniculatus L. and Trifolium arvense L. and the grass Calamagrostis epigeios(L.) Roth, to determine if plant growth and exudation differed with(non-sterilized soil) and without(sterilized soil) an indigenous soil microbial community. We investigated whether organic acids were found in the rhizosphere and surrounding soil and whether this influenced nutrient mobilization. This study consists of linked field investigations and a greenhouse experiment. Plants were grown in the greenhouse in either sterilized or non-sterilized sandy soil from a reclamation site in the Lusatian mining landscape(Welzow Su¨d, East Germany). After seven months, the plant biomass, root morphology, organic acids, and water-soluble nutrients and root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and dark septate endophytes(DSE) were analyzed. Roots of all three plants in the field and greenhouse experiments were highly colonized with AMF. Calamagrostis epigeios and T. arvense had a significantly higher colonization frequency with DSE than L. corniculatus. The quantity and composition of organic acids strongly differed among plant species, with the highest number of organic acids found for L. corniculatus and lowest for C. epigeios. The quantity of organic acids was greatly reduced in all plants under sterilized soil conditions. However, the composition of organic acids and plant growth in sterilized soil were reduced for both legumes, but not for C. epigeios, which had a higher biomass under sterilized conditions. Changes in nutrient concentrations in the field rhizosphere soil relative to those in the control were measurable after seven months. While the spectrum of organic acids and the growth

关键词： Calamagrostis epigeios indigenous soil microbial community Lotus corniculatus microbial colonization mining landscape nutrient mobilization root symbiotic partner Trifolium arvense

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Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects against oxidative stress and dampens inflammation via heme oxygenase 1

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International Journal of Oral Science 2019年第1期11卷 50-57页

作者： Alexandra St?hli Ceeneena Ubaidha Maheen Franz Josef Strauss Sigrun Eick Anton Sculean reinhard Gruber Department of Oral Biology School of Dentistry Medical University of Vienna Department of Periodontology School of Dental MedicineUniversity of Bern Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry University of Chile Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration

Periodontal disease is associated with chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE), which is a potent inducer of heme oxygenase 1(HO1), is a central active component of propolis, and the application of propolis improves periodontal status in diabetic patients. Here, primary murine macrophages were exposed to CAPE. Target gene expression was assessed by whole-genome microarray, RT-PCR and Western blotting. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of CAPE were examined by exposure of the cells to hydrogen peroxide, saliva and periodontal pathogens. The involvement of HO1 was investigated with the HO1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin(SnPP) and knockout mice for Nrf2, which is a transcription factor for detoxifying enzymes. CAPE increased HO1 and other heat shock proteins in murine macrophages. A p38 MAPK inhibitor and Nrf2 knockout attenuated CAPE-induced HO1 expression in macrophages. CAPE exerted strong antioxidative activity. Additionally, CAPE reduced the inflammatory response to saliva and periodontal pathogens. Blocking HO1 decreased the antioxidative activity and attenuated the anti-inflammatory activity of CAPE. In conclusion, CAPE exerted its antioxidative effects through the Nrf2-mediated HO1 pathway and its anti-inflammatory effects through NF-κB inhibition. However, preclinical models evaluating the use of CAPE in periodontal inflammation are necessary in future studies.

关键词： Caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE) inflammatory response

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Influence of the Trends Robotics and Digitalisation on Ladle Slide Gate Development

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China's Refractories 2021年第2期30卷 30-34页

作者： reinhard EHRENGRUBER Roland BUHLMANN Verena SCHMIDT Magnus PERSSON RHI Magnesita Interstop AG Hünenberg 6331Switzerland Agellis Group AB Lund 22457Sweden

The article focuses on the influence of operator and process safety and the trends of robotics and digitalisation on a ladle slide gate that was introduced to the market 6 years ago[1].After more than 50 installations,customer experience was gathered and new features were added to a system *** upgrades are related to safety,ease of operation,and low operational *** a newly introduced“open check”feature increases the confidence level of the operators and can boost *** growing requirements to increase safety for people and processes in the ladle preparation area and on the continuous casting floor,automation has become increasingly important in steel plants.A slide gate prototype is currently underway to launch an innovative new gate design striving for full *** critical process steps are already available and successfully used in the steel plants,such as cylinder connection,slag detection integration,and ladle gate preparation area *** automated operation will be followed by digitalisation,allowing for tracking of performance,safety,and *** paper summarises new features available for slide gates and outlines individual initiatives towards fully automated operation and data acquisition examples of digitalisation.

关键词： robotics and digitalisation ladle slide gate open check

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Endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with stenosis of ampulla of Vater:Three-year follow-up of exocrine pancreatic function and clinical symptoms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第6期13卷 901-905页

作者： Nils Ewald Axel Michael Marzeion reinhard Georg Bretzel Hans Ulrich Kloer Philip Daniel Hardt Third Medical Depart-ment and Policlinic University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Giessen Site D-35392 Giessen Germany

AIM: To investigate retrospectively the long-term effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) including exocrine pancreatic function in patients with stenosis of ampulla of Vater. METHODS: After diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and ES because of stenosis of the ampulla of Vater (SOD Type Ⅰ), follow-up examinations were performed in 60 patients (mean follow-up time 37.7 mo). Patients were asked about clini-cal signs and symptoms at present and before interven-tion using a standard questionnaire. Before and after ES exocrine pancreatic function was assessed by determina-tion of immunoreactive fecal elastase 1. Serum enzymes indicating cholestasis as well as serum lipase and amy-lase were measured. RESULTS: Eighty percent of patients reported an im-provement in their general condition after ES. The fecal elastase 1 concentrations (FEC) in all patients increased significantly after ES. This effect was even more marked in patients with pathologically low concentrations (< 200 μg/g) of fecal elastase prior to ES. The levels of serum lipase and amylase as well as serum alcaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) decreased signifi-cantly after ES. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that patients with stenosis of the ampulla of Vater can be successfully treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy. The positive effect is not only indicated by sustained improvement of clinical symptoms and cholestasis but also by improvement of exocrine pancreatic function.

关键词： Endoscopic sphincterotomy Fecal elastase Chronic pancreatitis Papillary stenosis Oddi dysfunction

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