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Rice-Specific Mitochondrial Iron-Regulated Gene （MIR） Plays an Important Role in Iron Homeostasis

Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1059-1066页

作者： Yasuhiro Ishimaru Khurram Bashir Masaru Fujimoto Gynheung An reiko nakanishi itai Nobuhiro Tsutsumi Hiromi nakanishi Naoko K Nishizawa Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology Ishikawa Prefectural University Ishikawa 921-8836 Japan

Mitochondria utilize iron （Fe）, but the proteins involved in mitochondrial Fe regulation are not characterized in plants. We cloned and characterized a mitochondrial iron-regulated （MIR） gene in rice involved in Fe homeostasis. MIR, when expressed in tobacco BY-2 cells, was localized to the mitochondria. MIR transcripts were greatly increased in response to Fe deficiency in roots and shoot tissue. MIR is not homologous to any known protein, as homologs were not found in the rice or Arabidopsis genome databases, or in the EST database for other organisms. Growth in the MIR T-DNA knockout rice mutant （mir） was significantly impaired compared to wild-type （WT） plants when grown under Fe-deficient or -sufficient conditions. Furthermore, mir plants accumulated more than twice the amount of Fe in shoot and root tissue compared to WT plants when grown under either Fe-sufficient or -deficient conditions. Despite the high accumulation of Fe in roots and shoots, mir plants triggered the expression of Fe-deficiency-inducible genes, indicating that mir may not be able to utilize Fe for physiological functions. These results clearly suggest that MIR is a rice-specific mitochondrial protein, recently evolved, and plays a significant role in Fe homeostasis.

关键词： Fe-deficiency-regulated gene Fe homeostasis mitochondria Oryza sativa.

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Twenty-Two-Year Observation on Urinary Cadmium and β_(2)-Microglobulin in Inhabitants after Cessation of Cadmium-Exposure in Japan

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2013年第4期3卷 205-210页

作者： reiko Sato Teruhiko Kido Hideaki Nakagawa Muneko Nishijo Ryumon Honda Etsuko Kobayashi Yasushi Suwazono Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan Kanazawa Medical University UchinadaJapan Graduate School of Medical Science Chiba UniversityChibaJapan

Objective: This is an epidemiological survey that was conducted for 22 years to investigate the physical effects on inhabitants who had been exposed to cadmium (Cd) from processing of remnants discharged at the time of copper refinement. It was possible to obtain findings on physical effects 27 years after Cd exposure. Materials and Methods: Of the inhabitants who were 50 years old or younger in 1981 and who were living in the most contaminated area in the Kakehashi River basin, 68 (32 males and 36 females) who underwent all of the 5 screenings during the 22-year period were extracted as subjects. Early morning urine was collected for urinalysis, and Cd and ?2-MG concentrations were determined. Results: 27 years after cessation of Cd exposure, it was shown that urinary Cd concentrations were significantly decreased and urinary ?2-MG concentrations were significantly increased. Conclusion: Once exposed to Cd, it takes about 30 years for the Cd that remains in the body to decrease by half. Once renal tubular dysfunction occurs after Cd exposure, irreversible aggravation is inevitable.

关键词： Twenty-Two-Year Observation Urinary-Cadmium Urinary-?2-Microglobulin itai-itai Disease Biological-Half-Life

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