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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第1期13卷 1-11页

作者： reidar staupe-delgado Olivier Rubin Department of Social Sciences and Business.Roskilde University 4000 RoskildeDenmark Department of Technology and Safety UiT The Arctic University of Norway9037 TromsONorway

In this article,we set out to reconcile a general conceptualization of disaster temporalities by drawing on the epitome example of a creeping disaster,namely *** argument is driven by the recognition that slowly manifesting disaster impacts pose distinct challenges for decision makers and researchers while there is a tendency for the disaster literature to overlook the role of disaster onset *** specifically and as a starting point,we identify four key themes that merit particular attention when dealing with creeping disasters:(1)our understanding of disaster as a phenomenon;(2)measurement and operationalization;(3)early warning and response;and(4)disaster management and *** integrating conceptual discussions of disaster with famine scholarship—a phenomenon often excluded from mainstream disaster research—this article provides fresh perspectives on disaster science as well as a number of implications for how we think about disaster risk reduction.

关键词： Disaster response Early warning Famine disasters Slow-onset disasters

Concepts and implementation of strain-based criteria in design codes for steel structures

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2012年第3期6卷 210-216页

作者： reidar BJORHOVDE The Bjorhovde Group TucsonArizona 85750 USA

A uniaxial tension test is commonly used to determine the mechanical properties of steel,but it has no meaning for the response of the material in a *** test was developed as a consensus solution by producers,fabricators,designers and code writers,to have a standard by which similar materials could be compared to a common *** does not represent the actual behavior of the steel in a structure,and was never intended to do *** study the true behavior of the structure and how the material responds it would be better to determine the strains and deformations that will take place during actual service *** characteristics reflect the real behavior,whether in the elastic or inelastic *** stresses or forces are needed,these are easily determined by the value of the strain and the relevant material modulus,along with the type of cross section,whether elastic or *** paper addresses the properties of a range of structural steels,how these are incorporated into design standards and how the standards define deformation characteristics and demands for bolted and welded connections.

关键词： steel stress-strain characteristics tension test strain design actual behavior improved design codes

Microtopography driven plant species composition in alpine region: a fine-scale study from Southern Norway

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第3期17卷 542-555页

作者： BHATTARAI Prakash BHATTA Kuber Prasad ZHANG Yang-jian VETAAS Ole reidar Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Biological Sciences University of BergenBergenN-5020Norway Department of Geography University of BergenBergenN-5020Norway

This study explores the relationship between the species composition of lichen and vascular plant species with microtopography at fine scale. We conducted our study in Hardengervidda National Park, Norway. Specifically, we aim to test whether the species richness of different plant lifeforms peaks at middle of the microtopography gradient, and then explain the observed patterns with an aid of snow cover gradient along microtopography and snow cover. We sampled 69 species of vascular plants and lichens in 151 plots of 4 m^2 along 23 transects during summer on Tronsbu, Sandhaug and Besso. Detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) was performed to explore how microtopographical gradient was related to the variation in the species composition. One-way ANOVA was performed to test the microtopographic variability in species ***, generalized linear model(GLM) was used to reveal species richness patterns along the snow cover gradient. The first axis in DCA represents the complex gradient from snow free ridge to wet snowbed habitats and the second axis represents a gradient from acidic to calcareous sites. Lichen’s species richness is greater in ridge than in snowbeds, while all other life forms follow the opposite trend. Species richness for total plant species, vascular plant species and herbaceous plant species increased with increase in weighted average snow indicator value(WASI), whilst species richness for lichen species declined substantially towards the maximum WASI value. In contrast, species richness for dwarf shrub species showed a unimodal relationship with WASI. This study shows that liquid water availability provides a good potential explanation for species composition and richness in mountains, which is controlled by snow cover and prevalent wind direction.

关键词： Species richness Water energy dynamics hypothesis Weighted average snow indicator value Microtopography Ordination

Application of machine learning to assess the value of information in polymer flooding

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Petroleum Research 2021年第4期6卷 309-320页

作者： Amine Tadjer reidar B.Bratvold Aojie Hong Remus Hanea University of Stavanger Norway Equinor Norway

In this work,we provide a more consistent alternative for performing value of information(VOI)analyses to address sequential decision problems in reservoir management and generate insights on the process of reservoir *** sequential decision problems are often solved and modeled as stochastic dynamic programs,but once the state space becomes large and complex,traditional techniques,such as policy iteration and backward induction,quickly become computationally demanding and *** resolve these issues and utilize fewer computational resources,we instead make use of a viable alternative called approximate dynamic programming(ADP),which is a powerful solution technique that can handle complex,large-scale problems and discover a near-optimal solution for intractable sequential decision *** compare and test the performance of several machine learning techniques that lie within the domain of ADP to determine the optimal time for beginning a polymer flooding process within a reservoir development *** approximate dynamic approach utilized here takes into account both the effect of the information obtained before a decision is made and the effect of the information that might be obtained to support future decisions while significantly improving both the timing and the value of the decision,thereby leading to a significant increase in economic performance.

关键词： Value of information Reservoir development plan Approximate dynamic programming Machine learning

Environmental magnetism and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sanmenxia loess-paleosol sequence in the southeastern extremity of the Chinese Loess Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第22期51卷 2755-2762页

作者： WANG Xisheng YANG Zhenyu reidar Levlie SUN Zhiming PEI Junling Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093China Department of Earth Science University of Bergen Allegt. 41N-5007 Bergen Norway

这是多参数矿物质的一份报告在在间隔 ofL1 上的中国黄土高原(CLP ) 的 SE 极限的 Sanmenxialoess-paleosol 两行诗的磁性的结果 - 跨越最后 1 个妈的 L13。这些结果显示出那团特定的磁性的危险性(x) ， Xarm 和 SIRM，他们的比率展出平... 详细信息

这是多参数矿物质的一份报告在在间隔 ofL1 上的中国黄土高原(CLP ) 的 SE 极限的 Sanmenxialoess-paleosol 两行诗的磁性的结果 - 跨越最后 1 个妈的 L13。这些结果显示出那团特定的磁性的危险性(x) ， Xarm 和 SIRM，他们的比率展出平行 stratigraphic 变化。Sincesuperparamagnetic (SP ) 粒子有重要贡献到到顽磁的 X 而是没有贡献，例如，手臂和 SIRM，在 x 之间的强壮的线性关联一(i 顽磁(例如， ARMand SIRM ) 建议生产成土作用的磁性的谷物是主要在里面小单个领域范围。因而，到想在以前的研究的体积 x 的 SP 粒子的重要贡献显然被过高估计。在 Sanmenxia 和中部的谷物尺寸的 2arm/X 数据从 CLP 显示的内地典型黄土节记录强壮的相似，暗示 Jarm/X 可以为监视变化 offerrimagnetic 谷物被认为是可靠指示物缩放。S 比率和 HIRM 的结果((SIRM+IRM_(.3T ))/2 ) 大小显示在与成土作用联系的 paleosols 有软磁铁矿 / 磁赤铁矿和 hardhematite/goethite 的重要改进。

关键词：磁敏感性地质气候中间纹理气候科学地质学

Numerical analysis of synthetic granulate deposition in a physical model study

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第1期29卷 110-117页

作者： Gabriele HARB Stefan HAUN Joséf SCHNEIDER Nils reidar B.OLSEN Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management Graz University of Technology Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering The Norwegian University of Science and Technology

The current study focuses on the application of a three-dimensional numerical model for the prediction of morphological bed *** sediment deposition in a reservoir during a 10-year-fiood was investigated and the results of the simulation were validated with data derived from a physical model *** of the small grain sizes in the prototype,synthetic granulate was used in the physical *** numerical computation domain was a reproduction of the physical model,including the grain sizes and the density of the particles,in order to ensure *** CFD code SSIIM,which solves the RANS-equations in three-dimensions,was used for the *** sediment transport in SSIIM is divided into suspended sediment transport,computed by solving the convection-diffusion equation,and bed-load transport,calculated by an empirical *** results of the numerical simulation correspond well to the results of the physical model *** simulated location and the pattern of the sediment deposition in the reservoir are an accurate representation of the observed distribution in the physical model.

关键词： Physical modeling Numerical modeling RANS-equations Reservoir management Sediment

Ecological Consequences of Land Use Change: Forest Structure and Regeneration across the Forest-grassland Ecotone in Mountain Pastures in Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 838-849页

作者： Lila Nath SHARMA Ole reidar VETAAS Ram Prasad CHAUDHARY Inger Elisabeth MREN Department of Geography University of Bergen Bergen 5020 Norway Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology and Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 977 Nepal

The ecotone, the spatial transition zone between two vegetation communities, is claimed to have more species than the adjoining communities. However, empirical studies do not always confirm higher richness at the ecotone. The ecotone position and structure are dynamic over time and space and it is driven by the changes in climate, land use or their interaction. In this context, we assessed the forest- grassland ecotone of temperate mountains in central Nepal by i） comparing species composition and richness across the ecotone, ii） analyzing if the forestgrassland ecotone is shifting towards the grassland center by colonizing them with trees, and iii） discussing the consequence of changed disturbance regime in the dynamics of this ecotone and the surrounding grasslands. We analyzed vegetation data sampled from belt transects laid across the forest- grassland ecotone in semi-natural grassland patches. Vegetation data consisting of species richness and composition, and size structure and regeneration of the two most dominant tree species, namely Rhododendron arboreum and Abies spectabilis, from the transects, were used to analyze the trend of the forest-grassland ecotone. Forest and grasslands were different in terms of floristic composition and diversity. Vascular plant speciesrichness linearly increased while moving from forest interior to grassland center. Spatial pattern of tree size structure and regeneration infers that forest boundary is advancing towards the grasslands at the expense of the grassland area, and tree establishment in the grasslands is part of a suceessional process. Temporally, tree establishment in grasslands started following the gradual decline in disturbance. We argue that local processes in terms of changed land use may best explain the phenomenon of ecotone shift and consequent forest expansion in these grasslands. We underpin the need for further research on the mechanism, rate and spatial extent of ecotone shift by using advaneed tools to

关键词： Ecotone shift Grasslands Forest Landuse change Rhododendron

Weighted average regression and environmental calibration as a tool for quantifying climate-driven changes in vegetation

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第3期12卷 787-789页

作者： Kuber Prasad Bhatta Harry John Betteley Birks John-Arvid Grytnes Ole reidar Vetaas Department of Geography University of Bergen Bergen Norway Correspondence address. Department of Geography University of Bergen PO Box 7802 5020 Bergen Norway. Tel: +47-93425064 E-mail: kuber.bhatta@uib.no Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway

J Plant Ecol 2018 doi:10.1093/jpe/rty039 The authors wish to report the following error in the data ana-lysis in this paper that ***(Department of Biological Sciences,University of Bergen)has drawn to our attention after detailed scrutiny of our R *** error is that we accidentally derived the bootstrap es-timates of RMSEP,r2,mean and maximum bias,and skill of the training-set data twice,once in the weighted averaging regression analysis of the training sets themselves and once in the analysis of the‘reconstruction data-sets’.

关键词： error averaging regression

Spy Films and Intellectual Alienation

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2019年第7期7卷 333-347页

作者： reidar Due Magdalen College Oxford UK

The article analyzes spy films as examples of alienation within modern office life. It shows how intellectual socialization within this type of life can lead to a corruption of a person’s moral capabilities. The article studies this corruption process with a focus on how the moral person, in this case the fictional spy character, uses her intellect in relation to other mental faculties and in relation to the person’s own biographical experience of time. With reference to Plato and Hannah Arendt, the article shows that the professional use of intellect has an active and a passive quality. It is passive in so far as the person acquires it gradually, through training. It is active on the other hand, since the person willingly submits to this training. The moral stakes of these spy narratives thus concerns the choice to become a certain kind of person by subjecting oneself to a certain type of intellectual training. Memory forms an entry into this question of choice in all the examined films, hence memory is also at the centre of my analysis. This psychological mode of interpretation is inspired by Paul Ricoeur’s philosophy of narrative.

关键词： Memory Intellect Intelligence Motivation Plato Hermeneutics Riceour Arendt

大荔人遗址黄土-古土壤剖面岩石磁学性质研究

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地球物理学报 2010年第6期53卷 1463-1474页

作者：霍俊杰 reidar Lovlie 李斌苏朴成都理工大学成都610059 成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室成都610059 University of Bergen Department of Earth ScienceAllegt.41N-5007 BergenNorway 太原理工大学矿业工程学院古地磁实验室太原030024 山西省地震局太原030021

自从大荔人化石被发现以来,其遗址剖面便成为研究热点.先前的研究主要集中在地层的对比划分与头盖骨年龄的推断方面,然而对于载磁矿物的鉴定及其古气候含义方面的研究却相对较少.鉴于此,本文运用热磁分析、饱和等温剩磁和剩磁矫顽力谱... 详细信息

自从大荔人化石被发现以来,其遗址剖面便成为研究热点.先前的研究主要集中在地层的对比划分与头盖骨年龄的推断方面,然而对于载磁矿物的鉴定及其古气候含义方面的研究却相对较少.鉴于此,本文运用热磁分析、饱和等温剩磁和剩磁矫顽力谱分析、磁滞回线分析、频率磁化率分析、热退磁分析等方法,对大荔人遗址剖面进行了系统的岩石磁学性质研究,鉴定出其主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿,赤铁矿,磁赤铁矿,磁畴状态主要是似单畴.磁铁矿,赤铁矿是样品中特征剩磁的携带者;主要起源于成土作用的超顺磁颗粒和新生成的亚铁磁性矿物,是古土壤样品磁化率增强的主要贡献者;古土壤中软磁性矿物的含量高于黄土.样品中磁赤铁矿的含量并不高.黄土-古土壤样品的频率磁化率曲线,古里雅冰芯氧同位素、细微粒浓度曲线,岐山五里铺剖面有机质含量曲线在古气候记录方面具有一致性,都展示出至少从MIS5以来,气候从冰期到间冰期的变化是渐变的,反之则表现了突变特征.上述岩石磁学研究丰富了大荔剖面的磁学领域研究内容,为相关课题的深入研究提供了依据.

关键词：磁性矿物古气候频率磁化率氧同位素细微粒浓度碳酸盐碳同位素有机质