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Web GIS-Based Temporal Analysis of Climatic Factors Impacting Heat Stroke in Karachi

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第1期16卷 61-69页

作者： Ali Atif Mahnoor rehman Muhammad butt Syed Mahmood Shahid Ghazi Rashid Mehmood Department of Management Victoria University Sydney Australia Department of Geography Government College University Lahore Pakistan Department of Space Science University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Centre of Geographic Information System University of The Punjab Lahore Pakistan

This study focuses on the impact of climate change, specifically the increasing threat of heatwaves, in Pakistan, with a particular emphasis on the city of Karachi. The Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) analysed a century of climatic data to reveal warming trends, attributing them to human-induced factors. The vulnerability of Pakistan to climate change is highlighted, given its warm climate and location in a region where temperature increases are expected to surpass global averages. The study examines the past three decades, noting a significant rise in the frequency of hot days, especially in Karachi, where heatwaves have become more prevalent. The aims and objectives of the study involve identifying temporal changes in temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind speed from 1984 to 2014 in Karachi. The literature review emphasizes the health implications of heatwaves, citing increased mortality during such events globally. The study incorporates a comprehensive temporal analysis, addressing gaps in previous research by considering multiple climate indicators responsible for heatwaves. The methodology involves statistical analyses, including linear regression and Pearson correlation, applied to temperature data and urbanization parameters. Results indicate an increasing trend in heat index temperature, with heatwave vulnerability peaking in the last three decades. Heat Index Temperature Anomalies show a clear surge, emphasizing the need for new indices to control critical heat stress conditions. The study concludes that tropical climate variability, particularly heat index, is linked to extreme hot days, urging measures to reduce population vulnerability. The findings underscore the importance of policy strategies, such as integrated coastal zone management, to mitigate the adverse health effects of heatwaves in Karachi’s vulnerable population.

关键词： IPCC Heat Wave Heat Index PMD

An Intelligent Graph Edit Distance-Based Approach for Finding Business Process Similarities

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3603-3618页

作者： Abid Sohail Ammar Haseeb Mobashar rehman Dhanapal Durai Dominic Muhammad Arif butt Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadLahorePakistan Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanKamparPerakMalaysia Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri IskandarTronoh PerakMalaysia Punjab University College of Information Technology University of the PunjabLahorePakistan

There are numerous application areas of computing similarity between process *** includes finding similar models from a repository,controlling redundancy of process models,and finding corresponding activities between a pair of process *** similarity between two process models is computed based on their similarity between labels,structures,and execution *** attempts have been made to develop similarity techniques between activity labels,as well as their execution ***,a notable problem with the process model similarity is that two process models can also be similar if there is a structural variation between ***,neither a benchmark dataset exists for the structural similarity between process models nor there exist an effective technique to compute structural *** that end,we have developed a large collection of process models in which structural changes are handcrafted while preserving the semantics of the ***,we have used a machine learning-based approach to compute the similarity between a pair of process models having structural and label ***,we have evaluated the proposed approach using our generated collection of process models.

关键词： Machine learning intelligent data management similarities of process models structural metrics dataset graph edit distance process matching artificial intelligence

National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1018-1042页

作者： Faisal Saud Dar Zaigham Abbas Irfan Ahmed Muhammad Atique Usman Iqbal Aujla Muhammad Azeemuddin Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq Ali Bangash Amna Subhan butt Osama Tariq butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed Iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib Haider Siraj Haider Syed Mujahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Aman Nawaz Khan Muhammad Shoaib Khan Muhammad Yasir Khan Amer Latif Nasir Hassan Luck Ahmad Karim Malik Kamran Rashid Sohail Rashid Mohammad Salih Abdullah Saeed Amjad Salamat Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim Yusuf Haseeb Haider Zia Ammara Naveed Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Dr.Ziauddin University HospitalKarachi 75600SindhPakistan University of Aberdeen Aberdeen B243FXUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Radiology Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Oncology Hameed Latif HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Division of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Shifa International HospitalIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Post Graduate Medical InstituteLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Medicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Liver Transplant Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Medicine&Gastroenterology Lifecare Hospital and Research CentrePeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver Transplant Bahria International HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Surgery Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver TransplantDow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology&NutritionPir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Oncology Dr.Ziauddin HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Radiology Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25000Pakistan Army Liver Transplant Unit Pak Emirates Military HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 75500Pakistan Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer Clinic Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer ClinicRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroentero

A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the *** Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this *** effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these *** coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective *** diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance *** cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for ***,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before *** ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for *** only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette *** patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver *** chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of *** use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary *** with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary *** chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.

关键词： Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth-Corlette classification Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre Staging Preoperative biliary drainage Portal vein embolisation Surgical resection Hepatectomy

Development and characterization of hot dip aluminide coated stainless steel 316L

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Journal of Central South University 2018年第11期25卷 2578-2588页

作者： Sehrish MUKHTAR Waqas ASGHAR Zubair butt Zaheer ABBAS Mudaser ULLAH Rana ATTA-UR-rehman College of Engineering and Emerging Technologies University of the PunjabLahorePakistan University of Engineering and Technology Taxila 47050TaxilaPakistan Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering(NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Ningbo 315201China Mechatronics Engineering Department University of Engineering and Technology TaxilaChakwal Campus48800ChakwalPakistan MOE Key Lab for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution and Materials Processing Institute of Materials JoiningShandong UniversityJi’nan 250061China Department of Mechanical Engineering CETUniversity of SargodhaPakistan

Stainless steel(SS)grade 316L is used for orthopedic implants due to its biocompatibility;yet the effort should be done to minimize the carcinogenic and inflammatory effects related to SS 316L *** this research,aluminide coating of Al–Si alloy on SS 316L is characterized by using optical microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),nano-indentation and corrosion testing *** dip aluminizing process is used to coat the SS 316L specimens at 765°C for 2 min immersion *** of the specimens are also diffusion treated in a Muffle furnace at 550°C for 4 h to produce diffused specimens of SS *** examination shows the formation of flat coating/substrate interface due to Si *** analysis confirms the formation of complex intermetallic at the coating/substrate interface which finally results in increasing the hardness and corrosion resistance properties of coating.

关键词： stainless steel aluminide coating microstructure intermetallics nano-indentation corrosion testing

First-principles calculations of nitrogen-doped antimony triselenide： A prospective material for solar cells and infrared optoelectronic devices

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Frontiers of physics 2018年第3期13卷 129-140页

作者： Sajid-ur-rehman Faheem K. butt Chuanbo Li Bakhtiar U1 Haq Zeeshan Tariq F. Aleem State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Physics Division of Science and Technology University of Education College Road Township Lahore 54770 Pakistan Physik-Department ECS Technische Universitat Miinchen James-Franck-Str. 1 D-85748 Garching Germany School of Science Minzu University of China Beijing 100081 China Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronics Laboratory (AFMOL) Department of Physics Faculty of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS) King Khalid University Abha 61413 P.O. Box 9004 Saudi Arabia Department of Physics The University of Lahore l-Kin Raiwind Road Lahore 53700 Pakistan

This study is focused on calculation of the electronic structure and optical properties of non-metal doped Sb2Se3 using the first-principles method. One and two N atoms are introduced to Sb and Se sites in a Sb2Se3 crystal. When one and two N atoms are introduced into the Sb2Se3 lattice at Sb sites, the electronic structure shows that the doping significantly modifies the bandgap of Sb2Se3 from 1.11 eV to 0.787 and 0.685 eV, respectively. When N atoms are introduced to Se sites, the material shows a metallic behavior. The static dielectric constants el（0） for Sb16Se24, SblsN1Se24, Sb14N2Se24, Sb16Se23N1, and Sb16Se22N2 are 14.84, 15.54, 15.02, 18.9, and 39.29, respectively. The calculated values of the refractive index n（0） for Sb16Se24, SblsN1Se24, Sb14N2Se24, Sb16Se23N1, and Sb16Se22N2 are 3.83, 3.92, 3.86, 4.33, and 6.21, respectively. The optical absorbance and optical conductivity curves of the crystal for N-doping at Sb sites show a significant redshift towards the short-wave infrared spectral region as compared to N-doping at Se sites. The modulation of the static refractive index and static dielectric constant is mainly dependent on the doping level. The optical properties and bandgap narrowing effect suggest that the N-doped Sb2Se3is a promising new semiconductor and can be a replacement for GaSb due to its very similar bandgap and low cost.

关键词： Sb2Se3 infrared optical properties solar cells optoelectronic devices

2D seismic interpretation of Sawan gas field integrated with petrophysical analysis:A case study from Lower Indus Basin,Pakistan

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第2期4卷 35-48页

作者： Abd Ur rehman Khan Muhammad Amar Gul Rizwan Sarwar Awan Ashar Khan Khawaja Hasnain Iltaf Sibt.E Hassan butt Oil and Gas Development Company IslamabadPakistan CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China Water and Power Development Authority Pakistan Department of Earth&Environmental Sciences The University of Texas at ArlingtonUnited States Geological Survey of Pakistan LahorePakistan

The Lower Indus Basin is the leading hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary basin in *** study has been conducted on the Sawan gas field located in the Lower Indus Basin,adjacent to a few other wellknown gas fields of Pakistan like Kadanwari,Qadirpur,and Miano gas *** research aims to present the spatial distribution and reservoir potential of the productive zones of the Lower Goru *** present study utilized various two-dimensional(2D)seismic lines and well-log data(Sawan-01 and Sawan-02)to investigate the structural and stratigraphic features of the *** stratigraphic layers are mildly deepening in the southeast *** 2D seismic interpretation of the research area identifies the existence of extensional remanents,i.e.,normal *** extensional structures are associated with horst and graben geometry that acts as a trapping mechanism for *** logs are used to identify the reservoir's diverse lithology and petrophysical *** results indicate fair to good effective porosities,low shale volume,and high hydrocarbon saturation(>55%),signifying good reservoir potential in C interval of the Lower Goru Formation.

关键词： Sawan Seismic Well-logs Goru formation Cretaceous Petrophysics

Hepatitis C virus genotype 3a infection and hepatocellular carcinoma: Pakistan experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第40期15卷 5080-5085页

作者： Muhammad Idrees Shazia Rafi que Irshad-ur rehman Haji Akbar Muhammad Zubair Yousaf Sadia butt Zunaira Awan Sobia Manzoor Madiha Akram Mahwish Aftab Bushra Khubaib Sheikh Riazuddin Division of Molecular Virology & Molecular Diagnostics National Centre of Excellence in Molecular BiologyUniversity of the Punjab Lahore National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the Punjab Lahore

AIM: To assess the association between chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Pakistan, and the genotype distribution among these HCC ***: One hundred and sixty-one subjects with HCC were included in this study. Liver biopsy was performed on 145 of the patients; sixteen were excluded because they failed to fulfill the inclusion criteria. Qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for hepatitis B virus and HCV. Samples positive for HCV RNA were genotyped using genotype-specif ic PCR and conf irmed by HCV 5' noncoding region sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Chronic HCV infection was identified a major risk factor (63.44% of tested HCC patients) forthe development of HCC. The time from HCV infection to appearance of cancer was 10-50 years. In the HCC patient population, broader distributions of genotypes were present with genotype 3a as the predominant genotype. Using the type-specific genotyping method, we found HCV genotype 3a in 40.96%, 3b in 15.66%, 1a in 9.63%, and 1b in 2.40% of HCC tissue samples. About 28% of cases were found with mixed genotypes. Two cases were unable to be genotyped because of low viral load. Sixty-six percent of treated patients with cirrhosis had an end of treatment response, but unfortunately they relapsed quickly when the treatment was discontin-ued, and HCC developed during a median 3.8 years. CONCLUSION: There was a strong association between chronic HCV infection and HCC in Pakistan, and between HCV genotype 3a and HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C Genotyping Etiology Prevalence

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第1期34卷 102-105页

作者： Altaf Hussain Tiantian Wu Hui Li Linjin Fan Kai Li Li Gao Yongqiang Wang Yulong Gao Changjun Liu Hongyu Cui Qing Pan Yanping Zhang Asim Aslam Khan Muti-Ur-rehman Muhammad Munir Salman Latif butt Xiaomei Wang Xiaole Qi Division of Avian Infectious Diseases State Key Laboratory of Veterinary BiotechnologyHarbin Veterinary Research InstituteThe Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease Pathology Department University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster University Department of Pathology College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Georgia Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses

Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry ***.

关键词： In Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

Retraction note to “Development and characterization of hot dip aluminide coated stainless steel 316L”(J. Cent. South Univ., 10.1007/s11771-018-3937-y)

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Journal of Central South University 2020年第9期27卷 2792-2792页

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article [1] because Figures 11 and 12 appear to be identical with Figures 3 and 4respectively from a previously published article [2].Sehrish MUKHTAR,Waqas ASGHAR,Zubair butt,Zah... 详细信息

关键词： steel aluminide dip