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Vegetated treatment area (VTAs) efficiencies for E. coli and nutrient removal on small-scale swine operations

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第2期6卷 153-164页

作者： R.Daren Harmel rehanon pampell Terry Gentry Doug R.Smith Chad Hajda Kevin Wagner Patti K.Smith Rick L.Haney Kori D.Higgs USDA-ARS 2150Centre Ave.Bldg.DSuite340Fort CollinsCO80526USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research 720E.Blackland RoadTempleTX76502USA Soil and Crop Sciences Dept. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA USDA-ARS 808E.Blackland RoadTempleTX76502USA Oklahoma State University 139Ag HallStillwaterOK74078USA Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dept. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA

As small-scale animal feeding operations work to manage their byproducts and avoid regulation, they need practical, cost-effective methods to reduce environmental impact. One such option is using vege-tative treatment areas (VTAs) with perennial grasses to treat runoff;however, research is limited on VTA effectiveness as a waste management alternative for smaller operations. This study evaluated the effi-ciencies of VTAs in reducing bacteria and nutrient runoff from small-scale swine operations in three counties in Central Texas. Based on 4 yr of runoff data, the Bell and Brazos VTAs significantly reduced loads and concentrations of E. coli and nutrients (except NO3-N) and had treatment efficiencies of 73–94%. Most notably, the Bell VTA reduced loads of E. coli, NH4-N, PO4-P, total N, and total P similar to that of the background (control). In spite of significant reductions, runoff from the Brazos VTA had higher concentrations and loads than the control site, especially following installation of concrete pens and increased pen washing, which produced standing water and increased E. coli and nutrient influx. The Robertson VTA produced fewer significant reductions and had lower treatment efficiencies (29–69%);however, E. coli and nutrient concentrations and loads leaving this VTA were much lower than observed at the Bell and Brazos County sites due to alternative solids management and enclosed pens. Based on these results and previous research, VTAs can be practical, effective waste management alternatives for reducing nutrient and bacteria losses from small-scale animal operations, but only if properly designed and managed.

关键词： Bacteria Nutrients Swine manure Waste management Water quality

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