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The dynamics of ant mosaics in tropical rainforests characterized using the Self-Organizing Map algorithm

Insect Science 2016年第4期23卷 630-637页

作者： Alain Dejean Frederic Azemar regis cereghino Maurice Leponce Bruno Corbara Jereme Orivel Arthur Compin CNRS Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (UMR-CNRS 5245) 31062 Toulouse Universite de Toulouse UPS INP Ecolab 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse E-cologie des Forets de Guyane Campus agronomique BP 316 97387 Kourou cedex France Biodiversity Monitoring and Assessment Unit Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Rue Vautier 29 B-1000 Brussels Belgium CNRS Laboratoire Microorganismes Genome et Environnement (UMR-CNRS 6023) Universite Blaise Pascal Complexe Scientifique des Cezeaux 63177 Aubiere cedex Clermont Universite Universite Blaise Pascal LMGE BP 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France

Ants, the most abundant taxa among canopy-dwelling animals in tropical rainforests, are mostly represented by territorially dominant arboreal ants （TDAs） whose territories are distributed in a mosaic pattern （arboreal ant mosaics）. Large TDA colonies regulate insect herbivores, with implications for forestry and agronomy. What generates these mosaics in vegetal formations, which are dynamic, still needs to be better understood. So, from empirical research based on 3 Cameroonian tree species （Lophira alata, Ochnaceae; Anthocleista vogelii, Gentianaceae; and Barteriafistulosa, Passifloraceae）, we used the Self-Organizing Map （SOM, neural network） to illustrate the succession of TDAs as their host trees grow and age. The SOM separated the trees by species and by size for L. alata, which can reach 60 m in height and live several centuries. An ontogenic succession of TDAs from sapling to mature trees is shown, and some ecological traits are highlighted for certain TDAs. Also, because the SOM permits the analysis of data with many zeroes with no effect of outliers on the overall scatterplot distributions, we obtained ecological information on rare species. Finally, the SOM permitted us to show that functional groups cannot be selected at the genus level as congeneric species can have very different ecological niches, something particularly true for Crematogaster spp., which include a species specifically associated with B. fistulosa, nondominant species and TDAs. Therefore, the SOM permitted the complex relationships between TDAs and their growing host trees to be analyzed, while also providing new information on the ecological traits of the ant species involved.

关键词： ant plant relationships dynamics of associations myrmecophytes tropicalrainforests

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Traits allowing some ant species to nest syntopically with the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima in its native range

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Insect Science 2015年第2期22卷 289-294页

作者： Alain Dejean Bruno Corbara regis cereghino Maurice Leponce Olivier Roux Vivien Rossi Jacques H. C. Delabie Arthur Compin CNRS Ecologie des Forets de Guyane (UMR-CNRS 8172) Campus agronomique BP 316 97387 Kourou cedex Universite de Toulouse UPS INP Ecolab 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse CNRS-UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes Genome et Environnement Universite Blaise Pascal Complexe Scientifique des Cezeaux 63177 Aubiere cedex Clermont UniversitY Universite Blaise Pascal LMGE BP 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand CNRS Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (UMR-CNRS 5245) 31062 Toulouse France Biological Assessment Section Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Brussels Belgium IRD Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs Ecologie Genetique Evolution et Controle (UMR- IRD 224) Equipe BEES 911 avenue AgropolisBP 64501 34394 Montpellier CIRAD Ecofog (UMR-CIRAD 93) Campus Agronomique 97379 Kourou cedex France U.P.A.Laboratorio de Mirmecologia Conv~nio UESC/CEPLAC C.P. 7 45600-000 Itabuna Bahia Brazil

Supercolonies of the red fire ant Solenopsis saevissima （Smith） develop in disturbed environments and likely alter the ant community in the native range of the species. For example, in French Guiana only 8 ant species were repeatedly noted as nesting in close vicinity to its mounds. Here, we verified if a shared set of biological, ecological, and behavioral traits might explain how these 8 species are able to nest in the presence of S. saevissima. We did not find this to be the case. We did find, however, that all of them are able to live in disturbed habitats. It is likely that over the course of evolution each of these species acquired the capacity to live syntopically with S. saevissima through its own set of traits, where colony size （4 species develop large colonies）, cuticular compounds which do not trigger aggressiveness （6 species） and submissive behaviors （4 species） complement each other.

关键词： ant community fire ants invasive species Solenopsis saevissima species coexistence supercoloniality

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