检索结果-南通市图书馆

Analysis of human brain tissue derived from DBS surgery

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 625-640页

作者： Salla M.kangas Jaakko Teppo Maija J.Lahtinen Anu Suoranta Bishwa Ghimire Pirkko Mattila Johanna Uusimaa Markku Varjosalo Jani Katisko Reetta Hinttala PEDEGO Research Unit University of OuluOuluFinland Medical Research Center Oulu University HospitalUniversity of OuluOuluFinland Biocenter Oulu University of OuluOuluFinland Institute of Biotechnology HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Drug Research Program Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFin-land Neurosurgery Research Unit of Clinical NeuroscienceOulu University HospitalUniversity of OuluOuluFinland Oulu Research Group of Advanced Surgical Technologies and Physics(ORGASTP) Research Unit of Clinical NeuroscienceOulu University HospitalUniversity of OuluOuluFinland Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland(FIMM) HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Clinic for Children and Adolescents Division of Pediatric NeurologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland

Background:Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of human brain tissue is hindered by the availability of fresh samples from living patients.Postmortem samples usually represent the advanced disease stage of the patient.Fur-thermore,the postmortem interval can affect the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles.Therefore,fresh brain tissue samples from living patients represent a valuable resource of metabolically intact tissue.Implantation of deep brain stimulation(DBS)electrodes into the human brain is a neurosurgical treatment for,e.g.,movement disorders.Here,we describe an improved approach to collecting brain tissues from surgical instruments used in implantation of DBS device for transcriptomics and proteomics analyses.Methods:Samples were extracted from guide tubes and recording electrodes used in routine DBS implantation procedure to treat patients with Parkinson’s disease,genetic dystonia and tremor.RNA sequencing was performed in tissues extracted from the recording microelectrodes and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)per-formed in tissues from guide tubes.To assess the performance of the current approach,the obtained datasets were compared with previously published datasets representing brain tissues.Results:Altogether,32,034 RNA transcripts representing the unique Ensembl gene identifiers were detected from eight samples representing both hemispheres of four patients.By using LC-MS,we identified 734 unique proteins from 31 samples collected from 14 patients.The datasets are available in the BioStudies database(accession number S-BSST667).Our results indicate that surgical instruments used in DBS installation retain brain material sufficient for protein and gene expression studies.Comparison with previously published datasets obtained with similar approach proved the robustness and reproducibility of the protocol.Conclusions:The instruments used during routine DBS surgery are a useful source for obtaining fresh brain tis-sues from living patients.This approach overcomes the issues that arise

关键词： Deep brain stimulation Movement disorders Brain Proteomics Transcriptomics RNA sequencing LC-MS Personalized medicine

Optimal plot design in a multipurpose forest inventory

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Forest Ecosystems 2016年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Helena M.Henttonen Annika kangas Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) Economics and Society unit

Background： We explore the factors affecting the optimal plot design （size and type as well as the subsample tree selection strategies within a plot） and their relative importance in defining the optimal plot design in amultipurpose forest inventory. The factors include time used to lay out the plot and to make the tree measurements within the plot, the between-plot variation of each of the variables of interest in the area, and the measurement and model errors for the different variables. Methods： We simulate different plot types and sizes and subsample tree selection strategies on measuredtest areas from North Lapland. The plot types used are fixed-radius, concentric and relascope plots. Weselect the optimal type and size first at plot level using a cost-plus-loss approach and then at cluster level byminimizing the weighted standard error with fixed budget. Results： As relascope plots are ve~/efficient at the plot level for volume and basal area, and fixed-radius plots for stems per ha, the optimal plot type strongly depends on the relative importance of these variables. The concentric plot seems to be a good compromise between these two in many cases. The subsample tree selection strategy was more important in selecting optimal plot than many other factors. In cluster level, the most important factor is the transfer time between plots. Conclusions： While the optimal radius of plots and other parameters were sensitive to the measurement times and other cost factors, the concentric plot type was optimal in almost all studied cases. Subsample tree measurement strategies need further studies, as they were an important cost factor. However, their importance to the precision was not as clear.

关键词： Sample Plot Forest inventory Measurement Cost Loss

Benefits of past inventory data as prior information for the current inventory

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Forest Ecosystems 2020年第2期7卷 263-273页

作者： Annika kangas Terje Gobakken Erik Næsset Bioeconomy and Environment Natural Resources Institute Luke(Finland)Yliopistokatu 680100 JoensuuFinland Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesP.O.Box 5003NO-1432ÅsNorway.

Background:When auxiliary information in the form of airborne laser scanning(ALS)is used to assist in estimating the population parameters of interest,the benefits of prior information from previous inventories are not selfevident.In a simulation study,we compared three different approaches:1)using only current data,2)using nonupdated old data and current data in a composite estimator and 3)using updated old data and current data with a Kalman filter.We also tested three different estimators,namely i)Horwitz-Thompson for a case of no auxiliary information,ii)model-assisted estimation and iii)model-based estimation.We compared these methods in terms of bias,precision and accuracy,as estimators utilizing prior information are not guaranteed to be unbiased.Results:The largest standard errors were obtained when neither prior information nor auxiliary information were used.If a growth model was not applied to update the old data,the resulting composite estimators were biased.Largest RMSEs were obtained using non-updated prior information in a composite estimator.Using the ALS data as auxiliary information produced smaller RMSE than using prior information from the old inventory.The smallest RMSEs were obtained when both the auxiliary data and updated old data were used.With growth updating the bias can be substantially reduced,although design-unbiasedness of the estimator cannot be guaranteed.Conclusions:Prior information from old inventory data can be useful also when combined with highly accurate auxiliary information,when both data sources are efficiently used.The benefits obtained from using the old data will increase if the past harvests can be detected without errors from changes in the auxiliary data instead of being predicted with models.

关键词： Data fusion Kalman filtering

Predicting stand age in managed forests using National Forest Inventory field data and airborne laser scanning

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 579-589页

作者： Matti Maltamo Hermanni Kinnunen Annika kangas Lauri Korhonen University of Eastern Finland School of Forest SciencesP.O.Box 11180101JoensuuFinland Natural Resources Institute Finland Bioeconomy and EnvironmentP.O.Box 6880100JoensuuFinland

Background: The aim of this study was to construct a nationwide stand age model by using National Forest Inventory(NFI) data and nationwide airborne laser scanning(ALS) data. In plantation forestry, age is usually known.While this is not the case in boreal managed forests, age is still seldom predicted in forest management inventories.Measuring age accurately in situ is also very laborious. On the other hand, tree age is one of the accurately measured sample tree attributes in NFI field data. Many countries also have a nationwide coverage of airborne laser scanning(ALS) data. In this study, we merged these data sources and constructed a nationwide, area-based model for stand age.Results: While constructing the model, we omitted old forests from the data, since the correlation between ALS height metrics and stand age diminished at stands with age > 100 years. Additionally, the effect of growth conditions was considerable, so we also utilized different geographical and NFI variables such as site fertility and soil type in the modeling. The resultant nationwide model for the stand age of managed forests yielded a root mean square error(RMSE) of about 14 years. The model could be improved further by additional forest structure variables, but such information may not be available in practice.Conclusions: The results showed that the prediction of stand age by ALS, geographical and NFI information was challenging, but stil possible with moderate success. This study is an example of the joint use of NFI and nationwide ALS data and re-use of NFI data in research.

关键词： Forest stock age LiDAR NFI Nationwide model Growth conditions

Indicators and tools for assessing sustainability impacts of the forest bioeconomy

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Forest Ecosystems 2017年第2期4卷 103-122页

作者： Jaakko Karvonen Pradipta Halder Jyrki kangas Pekka Leskinen Finnish Environment Institute Yliopistokatu 780100 JoensuuFinland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article University of Eastern Finland Faculty of Science and ForestrySchool of Forest SciencesP.O.Box 11180101 JoensuuFinland

The sustainable use of renewable resources has become an important issue worldwide in the move towards a less fossil-fuel-intensive future.Mainstream method for fulfilling this aim is to increase the share of renewable energy and materials to substitute fossil fuels and to become fully independent from fossil fuels over the long-term.However, the environmental sustainability of this endeavor has been questioned.In addition,economic and social sustainability issues are also much debated topics in this particular context.Forest resources are often thought to contribute partially to achieving a so-called ＂carbon-neutral society＂.In this review, we discuss sustainability issues of using forest biomass.We present several sustainability indicators for ecological,economic and social dimensions and discuss the issues in applying them in sustainability impact assessments（SIAs）.We also present a number of tools and methods previously used in conducting SIAs.We approach our study from the perspective of the Finnish forestry; in addition, various aspects regarding the application of SIAs in a broader context are also presented.One of the key conclusions of the study is that although sufficient data are available to measure many indicators accurately, the impacts may be very difficult to assess（e.***.impact of greenhouse gases on biodiversity） for conducting a holistic SIA.Furthermore, some indicators, such as ＂biodiversity＂, are difficult to quantify in the first place.Therefore, a mix of different methods, such as Multi-criteria Assessment, Life-cycle Assessment or Cost-Benefit Analysis, as well as different approaches（e.***.thresholds and strong/weak sustainability） are needed in aggregating the results of the impacts.SIAs are important in supporting and improving the acceptability of decision-making, but a certain degree of uncertainty will always have to be tolerated.

关键词： Forest bioeconomy Sustainability Indicators Impact assessment Decision support

Comparison of the local pivotal method and systematic sampling for national forest inventories

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 716-732页

作者： Minna Räty Mikko Kuronen Mari Myllymäki Annika kangas Kai Mäkisara Juha Heikkinen Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) PO Box 2FI-00791 HelsinkiFinland. Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) Yliopistokatu 6FI-80100 JoensuuFinland

Background:The local pivotal method(LPM)utilizing auxiliary data in sample selection has recently been proposed as a sampling method for national forest inventories(NFIs).Its performance compared to simple random sampling(SRS)and LPM with geographical coordinates has produced promising results in simulation studies.In this simulation study we compared all these sampling methods to systematic sampling.The LPM samples were selected solely using the coordinates(LPMxy)or,in addition to that,auxiliary remote sensing-based forest variables(RS variables).We utilized field measurement data(NFI-field)and Multi-Source NFI(MS-NFI)maps as target data,and independent MS-NFI maps as auxiliary data.The designs were compared using relative efficiency(RE);a ratio of mean squared errors of the reference sampling design against the studied design.Applying a method in NFI also requires a proven estimator for the variance.Therefore,three different variance estimators were evaluated against the empirical variance of replications:1)an estimator corresponding to SRS;2)a Grafström-Schelin estimator repurposed for LPM;and 3)a Matérn estimator applied in the Finnish NFI for systematic sampling design.Results:The LPMxy was nearly comparable with the systematic design for the most target variables.The REs of the LPM designs utilizing auxiliary data compared to the systematic design varied between 0.74–1.18,according to the studied target variable.The SRS estimator for variance was expectedly the most biased and conservative estimator.Similarly,the Grafström-Schelin estimator gave overestimates in the case of LPMxy.When the RS variables were utilized as auxiliary data,the Grafström-Schelin estimates tended to underestimate the empirical variance.In systematic sampling the Matérn and Grafström-Schelin estimators performed for practical purposes equally.Conclusions:LPM optimized for a specific variable tended to be more efficient than systematic sampling,but all of the considered LPM designs were less efficient than the systematic sampling desi

关键词： Auxiliary data Bias Local pivotal method Matérn estimator National forest inventory Sampling efficiency Simple random sampling Spatially balanced sampling Systematic sampling Variance

Minimally invasive surgery and transsulcal parafascicular approach in the evacuation of intracerebral haemorrhage

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2020年第1期5卷 40-49页

作者： Lina Marenco-Hillembrand Paola Suarez-Meade Henry Ruiz Garcia Ricardo Murguia-Fuentes Erik H Middlebrooks Lindsey kangas W David Freeman Kaisorn L Chaichana Neurological Surgery Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA Radiology Neurological SurgeryMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA

Intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)describes haemorrhage into the brain parenchyma that may result in a decline of the patient’s neurological function.ICH is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Aggressive surgical treatment for ICH has remained controversial as clinical trials have failed to demonstrate substantial improvement in patient outcome and mortality.Recently,promising mechanical and pharmacological minimally invasive surgery(MIS)techniques for the treatment of ICH have been described.MIS was designed with the objective of reducing morbidity due to complications of surgical manipulation.Mechanical MIS includes the use of tubular retractors and small diameter instruments for ICH removal.Pharmacological methods consist of catheter placement inside the haematoma cavity for the passive drainage of the haematoma over the course of several days.One of the most favourable approaches for MIS is the use of natural corridors for reaching the lesion,such as the transsulcal parafascicular approach.This approach provides an anatomical dissection of the subjacent white matter tracts,causing the least amount of damage while evacuating the haematoma.A detailed description of the currently known MIS techniques and devices is presented in this review.Special attention is given to the transsulcal parafascicular approach,which has particular benefits to provide a less traumatic MIS with promising overall patient outcome.

关键词： approach surgery cavity

S4A-1 Cognitive and Pharmacological Assays to Characterize both the Deleterious and Medicinal Effects of Cannabinoids in Monkeys

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

神经药理学报 2018年第4期8卷 63-64页

作者： Brian D kangas Harvard Medical School

Rationale:Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States with recent surveys estimating over 22 million current users.However,there is growing acceptance of its recreational use,evident by successful efforts to decriminalize and,in some states,legalize use.In addition,although the full medicinal value of cannabis is not yet understood,such cannabinergic effects are of known benefit in the palliative care of anorectic patients undergoing chemotherapy or suffering debilitating conditions such as AIDS or Alzheimer’s disease and,as well,may be an effective analgesic under certain painful conditions.Objective:This current state of affairs has led to a broadening interest in the clinical utility of drugs that target the endocannabinoid system.In this regard,however,delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC),the primary psychoactive ingredient in marijuana,is generally acknowledged to produce some unwanted effects in humans.These include deleterious effects on several types of complex behavior,especially related to learning,memory,and vigilance.Unfortunately,synthetic cannabinoid agonists appear to share these adverse side effect profiles.Recently,however,a greater understanding has developed of the two primary endocannabinoid neurotransmitters,anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol(2-AG)and,as well,ligands that inhibit the activity of fatty acid amide hydrolase(FAAH)and monoacylglycerol lipase(MGL),which can indirectly increase the concentrations of,respectively,anandamide and 2-AG.Methods:Employing operant techniques in nonhuman primates such as drug discrimination,emetic observation,nociception assays,and touchscreen-based models of learning and memory,this presentation will highlight recent advances in the understanding of THC’s effects on complex behavioral processes and,as well,efforts to develop drugs that engage the cannabinergic system and retain medicinal value,yet produce lesser adverse psychoactive effects.Results:Synthetic and phyto-cannabinoids produce highly consistent effects on most behavio

关键词： delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC) phyto-cannabinoids

Transition Modeling of Land-Use Dynamics in the Pipestem Creek, North Dakota, USA

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第3期5卷 182-201页

作者： Papia F. Rozario Peter Oduor Larry Kotchman Michael kangas Environmental and Conservation Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA Department of Geosciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA North Dakota Forest Service Molberg Forestry Center Bottineau ND USA North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA

Significant land-use changes in North Dakota have been reported and are widespread over the entire state. Such changing patterns may portend localized impairment to agricultural watersheds. In this study, Land-use Land-cover (LULC) change was modeled using geostatistics. The study area was within the Pipestem Creek watershed, a part of the Missouri Watershed James Subregion of North Dakota, USA. Landsat Thematic mapper images from the years 2007, 2011 and 2015 were used as preliminary data. LULC information for these datasets was acquired from the Global Land-cover facility and Landsat Program. Data analysis, spectral classification and post classification techniques were applied on the datasets. A transition matrix was derived using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) model. This study demonstrates that the integration of satellite remote sensing, GIS and statistics may be an effective approach for analyzing the direction, rate, and spatial pattern of land-use change.

关键词： Markov Chain LULC Change Transition Probabilities