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Long-Term Impact of Caregiving and Metabolic Syndrome with Perceived Decline in Cognitive Function 8 Years Later: A Pilot Study Suggesting Important Avenues for Future Research

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2013年第1期2卷 23-28页

作者： beverly H. brummett Shirley b. Austin Kathleen A. Welsh-bohmer redford b. williams Ilene C. Siegler Department of Psychiatry and behavioral Medicine Duke Medical Center Durham USA Joseph and Kathleen bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Durham USA

The chronic stress of caregiving has been associated with increased risk for cognitive decline and dementia. One theoretical model suggests that a group of risk factors known as the metabolic syndrome MET_SYN (e.g., hypertension, poor glucose regulation, central obesity, and high triglyceride levels) that have demonstrated associations with both stress and cognitive decline, may mediate the association between caregiver stress and cognitive decline. It is also possible that caregiving may moderate the association between MET_SYN and cognitive decline. The present study examined these two potential models. The study sample consisted of 53 caregivers for a relative with dementia and 24 participants who did not have caregiving responsibilities at baseline. We examined associations among caregiving history (yes/no), self-reported decline in cognitive function (the AD8) at follow-up, and a MET_SYN factor comprised of increased systolic blood pressure (SbP), glycosylated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c), waist circumference, and triglyceride levels at baseline when caregiving was assessed. MET_SYN was associated with AD8 (p = 0.010). Caregiving history was not directly associated with AD8 ratings, however, caregiving did moderate the association between MET_SYN and AD8 (p = 0.043) assessed 8 years later. In caregivers MET_SYN scores reflecting higher risk were associated with scores on the AD8 indicting decline, whereas, in controls MET_SYN was unrelated to AD8 assessment. Thus, it can be concluded that caregiver stress may increase the association between metabolic risk factors and decline in cognitive functioning up to 8 years later.

关键词： Caregiving Metabolic Syndrome Cognitive Decline

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收缩压和肥胖的关系:美国代表性青年样本中种族和性别的分析

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中华高血压杂志 2012年第3期20卷 298-298页

作者： beverly H brummett Michael b babyak IIene C Siegler Richard Surwit Anastasia Georgiades Stephen H boyle redford b williams 罗冬梅叶鹏

肥胖，或更具体地说，皮下脂肪增多，被认为与收缩压相关。有研究结果显示这种相关性在白人和非洲裔，以及性别之间有所不同。方法：研究者利用美国青少年健康纵向研究的资料（该研究在美国进行，入选参与者超过15000名，平均年龄29．0... 详细信息

肥胖，或更具体地说，皮下脂肪增多，被认为与收缩压相关。有研究结果显示这种相关性在白人和非洲裔，以及性别之间有所不同。方法：研究者利用美国青少年健康纵向研究的资料（该研究在美国进行，入选参与者超过15000名，平均年龄29．0岁）。

关键词：收缩压美国性别肥胖种族样本青少年健康皮下脂肪

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A techno-economic analysis of aquaculture business in Ogun State,Nigeria

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第2期27卷 415-420页

作者： R. O. KAREEM S. b. williams Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of AgricultureObafemi Awolowo University

Fish supplies 25% of the total protein source in developing countries. A techno-economic analysis was performed for developing a good business proposal for aquaculture loans to enhance aquaculture development in Nigeria. A case study of catfish Clarias gariepinus framing was conducted in Abeokuta North Local Government of Ogun State, Nigeria. The results show that the fixed cost is N18 338 per year, and the variable cost is N459 700 per year, accounting for the largest amount of the total; therefore, a profit of N43 289 per month can be made. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess any risk(s) that associated with unfavorable changes in government policy with particular reference to monetary policy. Positive net present value shows that the investment in fish farm is economically feasible and the net investment ratio is 3.52. Also, the benefit-cost ratio is 2.17. The internal rate of return (IRR) is 21% showing that the enterprise is able to offset the interest being charged on the loan. It is therefore worthwhile to invest into fish farm business in the study area. The study suggests that to better sustain the local aquaculture business, the government should create a good conducive environment to foster development of the fish farming. Government intervention is urgently needed to solve problems such as in traditional land tenure, grant credit facilities and subsidies, to enhance the aquacultural development in the country.

关键词： aquaculture net present value b-C ratio net-investment-ratio internal rate of return

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Economic efficiency in fish farming: hope for agro-allied industries in Niagara

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2008年第1期26卷 104-115页

作者： R.O.KAREEM A.O.DIPEOLU A.b.AROMOLARAN S.b.williams Obafemi Awolowo University Dept.of Agric Economics Ile-Ife Osun State Nigeria

The challenge to increase the efficiency in food production level in Nigeria appears to be more urgent now than it has ever been in the history of the country. This is in view of the rapidly increasing population, the imminent decline in international economic and food aid and the need to conserve foreign exchange earnings through the production of raw materials to feed the growing industrial sector calls for urgent attention. The study was carded out in Ogun State. The descriptive statistics was used to determine the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. The stochastic frontiers production analysis was applied to estimate the technical, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency among the fish farmers in the state. The results of economic efficiency revealed that fish farming is economically efficient with a range of between 55% and 84% efficiency level suggesting a favourable hope for the agro-allied industry such as poultry and cottage industries etc in the state. The result of hypothesis of inefficiency sources models showed that years of experience of fish farmers is significant at 1% probability level indicating the factor contributing to the fish farming experience in the state. Thus, the efficiency is due to the fact that farmers are experienced and fairly educated. On the basis of findings, policy is suggested to be directed towards the encouragement of entrepreneurs in fish farming in the state by providing enabling environment like credit facilities, public enlightenment programme and provision of social amenities like feeder roads, pipe-born water etc and given the fact that an increase in the level of formal education variable leads to less inefficiency, government policy should be focused on adopting the best technology （e.g. fast growing species and equipment ） so as to improve the level of efficiency and investment which shall eventually lead to growth in output of fish fanning and a lead to the establishment of agro-allied industries

关键词： Agro-allied industry efficiency stochastic production frontier Niagara

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Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis associated with severe ulcerative colitis: Three case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第24期10卷 8788-8796页

作者： Mark Ghali Karen bensted David b williams Simon Ghaly Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurst 2010NSWAustralia School of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of New South WalesSydney 1466NSWAustralia

bACKGROUND Type two autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare and difficult to diagnose,steroid responsive non-IgG4 inflammatory pancreatopathy that can be associated with inflammatory bowel *** SUMMARY This case series describes three cases with varied clinical presentations and representations of autoimmune pancreatitis,and all associated with an aggressive course of ulcerative *** pancreatopathy was independent of bowel disease activity and developed in one case following *** Clinician awareness about this condition is important to allow early diagnosis,treatment and avoid unnecessary pancreatic surgery.

关键词： Autoimmune pancreatitis Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Colectomy Case report

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Simulation of Hail and Soil Type Effects on Crop Yield Losses in Kansas,USA

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Pedosphere 2009年第5期19卷 642-653页

作者： WANG Er-Da b. b. LITTLE J. A. williams YU Yang M. SCHUCKING School of Management Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 (China) Tarleton State University Texas A&M University System Stephenville Texas 76402 (USA) blackland Research and Extension Center Texas A&M University System Temple Texas 76502 (USA) Center for Agribusiness Excellence Tarleton State University Stephenville Texas 76402 (USA)

Computer simulation was used for predictive analysis of the effects of weather and soil type on crop yield in the U.S. crop insurance program. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate （EPIC） model was modified to include hail weather events, which completed the modifications necessary to simulate the four most frequent causes of crop yield loss （hail, excessive wet, excessive cold, and excessive dry） associated with soil type in Kansas, USA. At the region level, per hectare yields were simulated for corn, wheat, soybean, and sorghum. We concluded that it was possible to predict crop yields through computer simulation with greater than 93% accuracy. The hail damage model test indicated EPIC could predict hail-soil-induced yield losses reasonably well （R^2 〉 0.6）. The investigation of soil type influence on dryland sorghum and wheat production indicated that Wymore silty clay loam soil and Kenorna silt loam produced the highest sorghum yields statistically; Kuma silt loam, Roxbury silt loam, Crete silty clay loam, and Woodson silt soils produced the second highest sorghum yields statistically; and Richfiled silt loam, Wells loam, and Canadian sandy loam produced the lowest sorghum yields. by contrast, wheat production showed less sensitivity to soil type variation. The less sensitive response of wheat yields to the soil type could be largely due to the unconsidered small-scale variability of soil features.

关键词： Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model hail damage simulation model

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Microstructure,texture and mechanical behavior characterization of hot forged cast ZK60 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第9期33卷 907-918页

作者： S.M.H.Karparvarfard S.K.Shaha S.b.behravesh H.Jahed b.W.williams Department of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo Canmet MATERIALS Natural Resources Canada

structure with a significant reduction in casting porosity, while the texture changed to sharp basaMeasured mechanical properties of the forged alloy showed that strength did not change, howductility improved by 75%. The analysis of the fracture surface of the forged alloy under tension rea ductile fracture with dimple morphology, while the as-cast alloy displayed a brittle fracture with pores. This demonstrated that the reduction of casting defects and dendritic morphology, as well evolution of recrystallized grains, enhanced ductility, while partial dynamic recrystallization throuforging process resulted in only marginal modification of strength in the forged condition.. 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials SciTechno

关键词： Magnesium Forging Ductility Texture Recrystallization

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4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide based fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) pH sensors as liposomal cellular imaging agents: The effect of substituent patterns on PET directional quenching

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 61-75页

作者： Miguel Martinez-Calvo Sandra A.bright Emma b.Veale Adam F.Henwood D.Clive williams Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson School of Chemistry and Trinity biomedical Sciences Institute(TbSI) Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland School of biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity biomedical Sciences Institute(TbSI) Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland Centro Singular de Investigacion en Quimica bioloxica e Materiais Moleculares(CIQUS)and Departamento de Quimica Organica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Rua Jenaro de la Fuente s/n15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain

Four new fluorescent sensors(1-4)based on the 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide fluorophores(Naps)have been synthesized based on the classical fluorophore-spacer-receptor *** four compounds all gave rise to emission bands centred at ca.535 nm,which were found to be highly pH dependent,the emission being‘switched on’in acidic media,while being quenched due to PET from the amino moieties to the excited state of the Nap at more alkaline *** luminescent pH dependence for these probes was found to be highly dependent on the substitution on the imide site,as well as the polyamine chain attached to the position 4-amino *** the case of sensor 2 the presence of the 4-amino-aniline dominated the pH dependent ***,at higher pH,PET quenching was also found to occur from the polyamine ***,2 is better described as a receptor1-spacer1-fluorophore-spacer2-receptor2 system,where the dominant PET process is due to(normally less favourable)‘directional’PET quenching from the 4-amino-aniline unit to the Nap *** trends and pH fluorescence dependences were also seen for 3 and *** compounds were also tested for their imaging potential and toxicity against HeLa cells(using DRAQ5 as nuclear stain which does now show pH dependent changes in acidic and neutral pH)and the results demonstrated that these compounds have reduced cellular viability at moderately high concentrations(with IC50 values between ca.8-30μmol?L^?1),but were found to be suitable for intracellular pH determination at 1μmol?L^?1 concentrations,where no real toxicity was *** allowed us to employ these as lysosomal probes at sub-toxic concentrations,where the Nap based emission was found to be pH depended,mirroring that seen in aqueous solution for 1-4,with the main fluorescence changes occurring within acidic to neutral pH.

关键词： sensors pH photoinduced electron transfer cellular imaging confocal microscopy

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Thoughts on the Jiaodong Gold Province of China:Towards a Tectonic Model

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1999年第1期73卷 1-7页

作者： williams.FYFE Department of Earth Sciences University of Western OntarioLondon OntarioCanada N6A 5B7

Abstract The Jiaodong gold province is situated in the eastern Sino-Korean Platform within the so-called Jiaoliao Uplift. The basement rocks are Archaean and Proterozoic metamorphic rocks. Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic cover occur within extensional basins. Intrusive rocks are dominated by Mesozoic granitoid, with intermediate-acid and basic dyke swarms. The structures form an E-W-trending anticlinorium in the basement complex, and large-scale NE-SW- and NNE-SSW-trending fault zones of Mesozoic age. The gold mineralization is associated with the Mesozoic faults and related secondary fractures in the granites or granite-basement contacts. The mineralization types are quartz-vein type and wall-rock alteration type. Wall-rock alteration is very well developed around the ore zones. Alteration minerals include quartz, sericite (and fuchsite), pyrite, calcite, chlorite, hematite, rutile and graphite. The ore assemblage is uniform in all deposits, including pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, gold, electrum, hessite, petzite, magnetite, molybdenite, tetrahedrite and wolframite. Mesozoic collision and subduction between the South China and North China continental blocks contributed to formation of the Mesozoic granitoid intrusions. The granitic magma is considered to be derived from partial melting of the crust through underplating processes. Gold was remobilised from basement rocks and deposited in fracture zones by the high-temperature fluids associated with these processes.

关键词： Jiaodong gold fluids faults granitoid subduction collision

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Combining X-ray microtomography with computer simulation for analysis of granular and porous materials

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Particuology 2010年第2期8卷 81-99页

作者： Roberto Moreno-Atanasio Richard A. williams Institute of Particle Science and Engineering School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

The use of X-ray microtomographic （XMT） methods in analysing particulate systems has expanded rapidly in recent years with the availability of affordable desk-top apparatus. This review presents a summary of the major applications in which computer simulations are explicitly coupled with XMT in the area of granular and porous materials. We envisage two main ways of establishing the coupling between both techniques, based on the transference or exchange of information by using physical or geometrical parameters （i.e. a parametric link through fitting to a process model） or through the direct use of3D XMT digital images （i.e. comparing image pixels and features directly）. Examples of coupled applications are shown for the study of transport properties of rocks, particle packing, mechanical loading and sintering. Often, the link between XMT and computer simulations is based on visual comparisons and we conclude that the use of quantitative parameters such as the number of interparticle contacts, force networks or granule shape to link both techniques is still underrepresented in the literature. Strategies to provide a more robust and quantitative approach to optimise the information obtained from such tomography analyses are proposed. 2010 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier b.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： X-ray microtomographyGranular flowComputer modellingLattice boltzmann methodDiscrete element method

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