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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第1期1卷 7-8页

作者： Roger V.L. Weston S.A. redfield m.m. 姜馨 Division of Cardi ovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic 200 First St SW Rochester MN 55095 United St atesDr.

Context: The epidemic of heart failure has yet to be fully investigated , and d ata on incidence, survival, and sexspecific temporal trends in community-based populations are limited. Objective: To test the hypothesis that the incidence of heart failure has declined and survival after heart failure diagnosis has improved over time but that secular trends have diverged by sex. Design, Setting, and Participants: Population-based cohort study using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project conducted in Olmsted County , minnesota. Patients were 4537 Olmsted County residents (57%women; mean > a ge, 74 > years) with a diagnosis of heart failure between 1979 and 2000. Fram ingham criteria and clinical criteria were used to validate the diagnosis main O utcome measures: Incidence of heart failure and survival after heart failure dia gnosis. Results: The incidence of heart failure was higher among men (378/100000 persons; 95%confidence interval >, 361-395 for men; 289/100000 persons; 95 %CI, 277-300 for women) and did not change over time among men or women. After a mean follow-up of 4.2 years (range, 0-23.8 years), 3347 deaths occurred, in cluding 1930 among women and 1417 among men. Survival after heart failure diagno sis was worse among men than women (relative risk, 1.33; 95%CI, 1.24-1.43) but overall improved over time (5-year age-adjusted survival, 43%in 1979-1984 v s 52%in 1996-2000, Pmen and younger persons experienced larg er survival gains, contrasting with less or no improvement for women and elderly persons. Conclusion: In this community-based cohort, the incidence of heart fa ilure has not declined during 2 decades, but survival after onset of heart failu re has increased overall, with less improvement among women and elderly persons.

关键词： Rochester 临床标准性别差异队列研究明尼苏达州

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社区中的收缩性和舒张性心力衰竭

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2007年第4期3卷 2-3页

作者： Bursi F. Weston S.A. redfield m.m. V.L.Roger 马超 Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic200 First St SWRochesterMN 55905United States Dr.

背景:心力衰竭(HF)综合征是一种异质性疾病。虽然可由射血分数(EF)和舒张功能来定义HF,但描述社区中HF特征的资料少见,因为大多数研究都是基于医院的回顾性研究并依赖有临床指征的检验。此外,很少运用标准化技术系统性评估舒张功能。目... 详细信息

背景:心力衰竭(HF)综合征是一种异质性疾病。虽然可由射血分数(EF)和舒张功能来定义HF,但描述社区中HF特征的资料少见,因为大多数研究都是基于医院的回顾性研究并依赖有临床指征的检验。此外,很少运用标准化技术系统性评估舒张功能。目的:前瞻性检测社区HF居民的EF、舒张功能和脑利钠肽(BNP)

关键词：舒张性心力衰竭收缩性脑利钠肽射血分数舒张功能障碍超声心动图检测临床指征心肌梗死病史异

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无冠心病的患者中肥胖与左室重构、舒张功能异常的关系

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第11期2卷 37-38页

作者： Powell B.D. redfield m.m. Bybee K.A. C.S. Rihal 黄浙勇 Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic Rochester MN United States Dr.

Obese patients frequently complain of dyspnea. Deconditioning and altered left ventricular(LV) systolic or diastolic function with elevated filling pressures may contribute to dyspnea. This study analyzed 4,281 patients who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2000. No patients had coronary artery stenoses >50%of the luminal diameter, and all underwent echocardiography within the same 6-year period. The association between body mass index(BmI) and LV structure and systolic and diastolic function was examined. All analyses controlled for age and gender, with the effect size for BmI expressed using a standardized coefficient(SC). A higher BmI was associated with greater LV mass(SC 0.18, pmeter(SC 0.07, pme increased with a higher BmI(SC 0.12, p=0.001), but there was no association between BmI and the ejection fraction(SC 0.003, p=0.81). Hemodynamic data from invasive studies showed an association between a higher BmI and increased LV end-diastolic pressure(mean 17 mm Hg for BmIm2 vs 24 mm Hg for BmI ≥40 kg/m2; SC 0.18, pme(SC 0.22, pmodeling, which may normalize wall stress while increasing stroke volume to match metabolic demand. Obesity was not associated with decreased systolic function. However, obesity was associated with increased LV end-diastolic pressure, which suggests an association between obesity and diastolic dysfunction. In conclusion, ventricular remodeling, LV diastolic dysfunction, and elevated filling pressures may contribute to the prevalence of heart failure in obese patients.

关键词：舒张功能异常左室重构心室重构舒张期末容积冠状动脉造影室壁厚度左室结构室壁应力呼吸困难

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射血分数正常心力衰竭的患病率和临床结局的变化趋势

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第12期2卷 5-6页

作者： Owan T.E. Hodge D.O. Herges R.m. m.m. redfield 马超 Cardiovascular Research Guggenheim 9 Mayo Clinic 200 First St. SW Rochester MN 55905 United States Dr.

Background: The prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction may be changing as a result of changes in population demographics and in the prevalence and treatment of risk factors for heart failure. Changes in the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction may contribute to changes in the natural history of heart failure. We performed a study to define secular trends in the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction among patients at a single institution over a 15-year period. methods: We studied all consecutive patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure at mayo Clinic Hospitals in Olmsted County, minnesota, from 1987 through 2001. We classified patients as having either preserved or reduced ejection fraction. The patients were also classified as community patients(Olmsted County residents) or referral patients. Secular trends in the type of heart failure, associated cardiovascular disease, and survival were defined. Results: A total of 6076 patients with heart failure were discharged over the 15-year period; data on ejection fraction were available for 4596 of these patients(76 percent). Of these, 53 percent had a reduced ejection fraction and 47 percent had a preserved ejection fraction. The proportion of patients with the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction increased over time and was significantly higher among community patients than among referral patients(55 percent vs. 45 percent). The prevalence rates of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes among patients with heart failure increased significantly over time. Survival was slightly better among patients with preserved ejection fraction(adjusted hazard ratio for death, 0.96; P=0.01). Survival improved over time for those with reduced ejection fraction but not for those with preserved ejection fraction. Conclusions: The prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction increased over a 15-year period, whi

关键词：射血分数生存率心力衰竭患病率

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Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: "strategies" for nutrient uptake and growth outside the redfield comfort zone

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2011年第4期29卷 724-738页

作者： Patricia m. GLIBERT JoAnn m. BURKHOLDER University of maryland Center for Environmental Science Horn Point Laboratory PO Box 775 Cambridge MD 21613 USA Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA

While many harmful algal blooms have been associated with increasing eutrophication, not all species respond similarly and the increasing challenge, especially for resource managers, is to determine which blooms are related to eutrophication and to understand why particular species proliferate under specific nutrient conditions. The overall goal of this brief review is to describe why nutrient loads are not changing in stoichiometric proportion to the "redfield ratio", and why this has important consequences for algal growth. many types of harmful algae appear to be able to thrive, and/or increase their production of toxins, when nutrient loads are not in proportion classically identified as redfield ratios. Here we also describe some of the physiological mechanisms of different species to take up nutrients and to thrive under conditions of nutrient imbalance.

关键词： HABs mixotrophy nitrogen nutrient loading nutrient ratios nutrient stoichiometry organicnutrients phosphorus

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Effects of ambient DIN:DIP ratio on the nitrogen uptake of harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum.m.nim.m.and Prorocentrum donghaiense in turbidistat

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2011年第4期29卷 746-761页

作者：李纪 Patricia m. GLIBERT Jeffrey A. ALEXANDER University of maryland Center for Environmental Science Horn Point Laboratory PO Box 775 Cambridge MD 21613 USA

The effects of varying nitrogen （N）： phosphorus （P） ratios on the growth and N-uptake and assimilation of the harmful dinoflagellates Prorocentrum.m.nim.m.and Prorocentrum donghaiense were examined in turbidistat culture experiments. Algal cultures were supplied with media containing PO4^3- in various concentrations to obtain a wide range of N：P ratios. Experiments to determine rates of N uptake and assimilation of different N sources （NO^3-, NH4^＋, urea and glycine by P. minim.m.and NO3^-, NH4^＋ by P. donghaiense） were conducted using ^15-N tracer techniques at each N：P ratio. The growth rates suggested nutrient limitation at both high and low N：P ratios relative to the redfield ratio. On a diel basis, the growth of both species was regulated by the light-dark cycle, which may be a result of regulation of both lightdependent growth and light-independent nutrient uptake. maxim.m.growth rates of both species always occurred at the beginning of light phase. In P-rich medium （low N：P ratio）, both species had higher N assimilation rates, suggesting N limitation. Low assimilation coefficients at high N：P ratios suggested P limitation of N uptake and assimilation. NO3 ^-and NH4^＋ contributed more than 90% of the total N uptake of P. minim.m. Reduced N sources were more quickly assimilated than NO3^-. Highest average daily growth rates were recorded near an N：P ratio of 12 for both species. The N uptake rates of cultures at N：P ratios near redfield ratio were more balanced with growth rates. The linkage between growth rates and N uptake/assimilation rates were conceptually described by the variation of cell N quota. The N：P ratios affect the N uptake and growth of Prorocentrum spp., and may regulate their bloom progression in eutrophic ecosystems.

关键词： harmful dinoflagellate N:P ratio nitrogen uptake continuous culture Prorocentrum spp

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逃逸构造和阿拉斯加的挤出：过去、现在和将来

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海洋地质 2008年第3期24卷 45-46页

作者： T redfield David W Scholl P Fitzgerald m.E. Jr. Beck 孙桂华（译）邱燕（校对）挪威地质调查局美国斯坦福大学美国雪城大学西华盛顿大学不详

大部分北太平洋边缘带是以侧向压缩地壳“侧向压缩流或称为造山流-译者注orogenicstream”为特征的。边缘带块体沿着西加拿大和阿拉斯加中部的大规模弯曲走滑断层向阿留申群岛-白令海俯冲带移动。在阿拉斯加链西部，整个中生代期间（可... 详细信息

大部分北太平洋边缘带是以侧向压缩地壳“侧向压缩流或称为造山流-译者注orogenicstream”为特征的。边缘带块体沿着西加拿大和阿拉斯加中部的大规模弯曲走滑断层向阿留申群岛-白令海俯冲带移动。在阿拉斯加链西部，整个中生代期间（可能更长）北太平洋边缘造山流发生构造逃逸。在移动过程中，相关的刚性块体发生古地磁旋转，雁列式断层边界通过这个系统从初始位置朝阿留申群岛一白令海俯冲带的自由边界移动。北太平洋边缘造山流模式含经典的地体构造，并为北美西部离散板块边界的移动提供了构造格架模式。

关键词：阿拉斯加地体构造逃逸阿留申群岛移动过程挤出北太平洋走滑断层

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社区人群收缩性心力衰竭及舒张性心力衰竭的特点

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2007年第3期26卷 140-146页

作者： Francesca Bursi, mD, mSc Susan A. Weston, mS maugaret m. redfield, mD Steven J. Jacobsen, mD, PhD Serguei Pakhomov, PhD Vuyisile T. Nkomo, mD Ryan A. meverden, BS Véronique L Roger, mD, mPH 靳文英（译）陈红（校） Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Intemal Medicine Mayo Clinic and Foundation Rochester. Minn. Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic and Foundation Rochester. Minn. Division of Biomedical Informatics Mayo Clinic and Foundation Rochester. Minn. 不详

背景：心力衰竭（heart failure，HF）这一综合征的表现多种多样。虽然医生可以根据患者射血分数（ejection fraction，EF）和舒张功能加以诊断，但是，目前有关社区人群心力衰竭特点的资料却寥寥无几，而且多数相关研究都是以医院为单... 详细信息

背景：心力衰竭（heart failure，HF）这一综合征的表现多种多样。虽然医生可以根据患者射血分数（ejection fraction，EF）和舒张功能加以诊断，但是，目前有关社区人群心力衰竭特点的资料却寥寥无几，而且多数相关研究都是以医院为单位、有赖于实验室检查的回顾性研究。此外，鲜有研究采用标准化技术对患者舒张功能进行系统评价。目的：对社区心力衰竭患者的EF、心室舒张功能和脑型利钠肽（brain natriuretic peptide，BNP）水平进行前瞻性研究。主要观测指标：超声心动图测得的EF值和舒张功能、血BNP水平、6个月死亡率。设计、地点及参试者：于2003年9月10日至2005年10月27日在奥姆斯特德郡（Olmsted County）招募HF新发病例及陈旧病例（住院患者或门诊患者）。应用超声心动图测定EF和舒张功能，检测BNP水平。结果：共有556例参试者在确诊HF时接受了超声心动图检查。其中EF值正常（〉150％）者有308例（55％），多见于年长、女性和既往无心肌梗死病史的患者（P均〈0．001）。242例患者（44％）存在单纯舒张功能不全（即舒张功能不全，但EF值正常）。与EF正常的患者相比，EF降低的患者合并中、重度舒张功能不全的比例较高（风险比，1．67；95％可信区间[confidence interval，CI]，1．11～2．51；P=0．01）。EF降低以及舒张功能不全均与BNP水平升高独立相关。EF正常者及降低者6个月死亡率均为16％（对年龄和性别进行校正后风险比为0．85；95％CI，0．61—1．19；P=0．33）。结论：社区中半数以上的心力衰竭患者EF值正常，40％以上的患者存在单纯舒张功能不全。射血分数和舒张功能不全均与BNP水平升高独立相关。与EF降低的心力衰竭患者相似，EF正常的心力衰竭患者死亡率也较高。

关键词：舒张性心力衰竭社区人群收缩性心力衰竭超声心动图检查舒张功能不全心室舒张功能心力衰竭患者 peptide

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Biophysics of articular cartilage:What we can learn from spin relaxation?

Biophysics of articular cartilage:What we can learn from spi...

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第十七届国际生物物理大会;第十二届中国生物物理大会

作者： Konstantin I.m.m.t R.mark Wellard Sabrina Barheine Alf Pawlik Jean-Philippe Ravasio Gary Cowin Chris Bell James m.Pope Faculty of Science and Technology Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Faculte de medecine Universite Henri PoincareNancyFrance Centre for magnetic Resonance University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia

Articular cartilage(AC) is a connective tissue covering the articulating surfaces of long *** structural basis is a biopolymeric extracellular matrix(ECm) based on collagen and *** provides a range of techniques for characterisation of the cartilage ECm and shows great promise for clinical diagnosis of *** research aims to develop mRI methodologies for studying the basic biophysics of articular cartilage,particularly the link between the macromolecular organisation of its ECm and load carriage.

关键词： mRI osteoarthritis redfield relaxation theory biomechanics of cartilage

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