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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 16-33页

作者： Masoud H Hamed rebwar n.dara Marios C Kirlas Department of Earth Sciences and Petroleum College of ScienceSalahaddin University-ErbilErbilIraq Department of Petroleum Engineering College of EngineeringKnowledge UniversityErbilIraq Department of Agriculture Faculty of AgricultureForestry and Natural EnvironmentAristotle University of Thessaloniki

Groundwater vulnerability assessment is a crucial step in the efficient management of groundwater resources,especially in areas with intensive anthropogenic activities and groundwater *** the present study,the DRASTIC method was applied using Geographic Information System(GIS)to delineate groundwater vulnerability zones in the Erbil Dumpsite area,Central Erbil Basin,north *** showed that the area was classified into four vulnerability classes:Very low(16.97%),low(27.67%),moderate(36.55%)and high(18.81%).The southern,south-eastern and northern parts of the study area exhibited the highest vulnerability potential,while the central-northern,northern and north-western regions displayed the lowest vulnerability ***,results of the single-parameter sensitivity analysis indicated that amongst the seven DRASTIC parameters,the unsaturated zone and the aquifer media were the most influencing *** conclustion,the correlation of 25 nitrate concentration values with the final vulnerability map,assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient,yielded a satisfactory result of R=0.72.

关键词： DRASTIC Erbil Iraq Groundwater vulnerability assessment nitrate Pollution Sensitivity analysis

Droughts and the Impacts of Dry Spells in north of Iraq

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Research in Ecology 2021年第1期3卷 59-69页

作者： Safieh Javadinejad David Hannah Stefan Krause rebwar dara Forough Jafary Mohsen nasseri University of Birmingham BirminghamUK University of knowledge ErbilIraq University of Tehran TehranIran

Different sets of dry spell length such as complete series, monthlymaximum, seasonal maximum, and annual maximum are applied andmodeled with different probability distribution functions (such as GumbelMax, generalized extreme value, Log-Logistic, generalized logistic, inverseGaussian, Log-Pearson 3, generalized Pareto) to recognize in whichduration, dry spells cause drought. The drought situation and temporalanalysis in the north of Iraq region were done using the SPI index andby software of DrinC at a time scale of 3.6 and 12 months. Because ofapplicability, availability of data and the aim of the study, SPI is selectedto analyze the dry spells in this study. Based on the maximum length ofthe available statistical period, the statistics for the years 1980 to 2019were used from nine meteorological stations for analysis. The results of thestudy showed the severity of drought during the study period which relatedto dry spells. The results of this research confirm the variation of droughtoccurrence with varying degrees in different time and different dry spellscondition in Iraq.

关键词： Dry spells Drought Climate change Indices

青海骆驼线粒体DnA D-loop区遗传多样性研究

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西北农业学报 2024年第1期33卷 1-7页

作者：高雪晁生玉王启菊孟克达拉乌兰巴特尔贾功雪中国科学院西北高原生物研究所高原生物适应与进化重点实验室青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室西宁810008 中国科学院大学北京100049 青海省海西州农牧业技术推广服务中心青海海西817099 青海省海西州动物疫病预防控制中心青海海西817099 海西州农牧产品质量安全检验检测中心青海海西817099

旨在研究青海骆驼遗传多样性,揭示青海骆驼的母系起源进化。采集柴达木地区3个青海骆驼类群耳组织样品88份并提取基因组DnA,利用PCR扩增和基因测序分析线粒体DnA D-loop序列,并与蒙古、内蒙古双峰驼进行比较。结果表明:D-loop序列中共... 详细信息

旨在研究青海骆驼遗传多样性,揭示青海骆驼的母系起源进化。采集柴达木地区3个青海骆驼类群耳组织样品88份并提取基因组DnA,利用PCR扩增和基因测序分析线粒体DnA D-loop序列,并与蒙古、内蒙古双峰驼进行比较。结果表明:D-loop序列中共检测到96个多态位点,定义了27种单倍型。3个青海骆驼类群占有16个单倍型,而蒙古双峰驼独有7个单倍型,内蒙古双峰驼独有4个单倍型。系统发育分析显示出两个独立的分支:第一支为青海骆驼3个类群与蒙古双峰驼,且德令哈双峰驼与其他两个类群间存在明显界限;第二支为内蒙古双峰驼。青海骆驼与内蒙古双峰驼的遗传距离均较远,但与蒙古双峰驼的遗传距离较近。因此,青海骆驼母系起源更倾向于蒙古双峰驼而非内蒙古双峰驼。

关键词：柴达木双峰驼线粒体DnA 系统发育遗传多样性单倍型

Effect of Precipitation Characteristics on Spatial and Temporal Variations of Landslide in Kermanshah Province in Iran

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Journal of Geographical Research 2019年第4期2卷 7-14页

作者： Safieh Javadinejad rebwar dara Forough Jafary Department of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Birmingham and University of TehranEdgbaston St.B152TTUnited Kingdom Department of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbaston St.B152TTUnited Kingdom

Landslide can be defined as the mass movement of sloping slopes under the influence of mass gravity and its stimuli such as earthquakes,floods and flood *** phenomenon is one of the natural hazards that every year causes a lot of financial and financial losses in mountainous,rain-fed and seismic *** of time and the magnitude of landslides are necessary to understand the causes of landslide and to warn potential *** this research,the amount of landslide displacement in Kermanshah province was evaluated by the characteristics of *** this end,a network of fixed points in and out of the slipping mass of 20 points was created to monitor the amount of displacement on different slip load users and the amount of displacement of each point in 5 time intervals using the Global Positioning System for two-dimensional GPS *** results of the 511-day follow-up showed that the total horizontal displacement of the moving points in the 5 intervals measured at 1658 mm has a monthly displacement rate of 112 ***,the total vertical displacement of moving points at the same time is 899 mm,with a monthly movement rate of 71 ***,precipitation variances such as rainfall,rainfall,precipitation duration,maximum rainfall intensity in the intervals of 10,20,30 and 60 minutes and the average rainfall intensity were calculated and extracted for each of the 5 time *** drawing of the vectors of points on the topographic map of the area indicated that the direction of mass movement is in the direction of elevation gradient of the *** results showed that only the precipitation severity with the landslide had a good *** landslide movement had the highest correlation with average rainfall intensity(R=0.85)and with maximum 30 minutes rainfall(R=0.67),respectively,and other rainfall characteristics like amount,duration,and type of rainfall had not significantly correlated with movement of landslides.

关键词： Characteristics of precipitation Effects Landslide Movement GPS

Gray Water Measurement and Feasibility of Retrieval Using Innovative Technology and Application in Water Resources Management in Isfahan-Iran

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Journal of Geographical Research 2020年第2期3卷 11-19页

作者： Safieh Javadinejad rebwar dara Forough Jafary Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan ProvinceKhomeyni ShahrDaneshgah e Sanati HwyIran University of Salahaddin ErbilIraq University of Birmingham Edgbaston St.B152TTUK

Reuse of wastewater for agriculture and green spaces purposes is significant.A mean yearly precipitation in Esfahan is 150 *** drinking water and agriculture usually used underground resources in the *** water recycling is known as a suitable option *** all the water requirements of a home from refined water rises the cost of *** the essential water quality for garden,toilet and irrigation is less than drinking ***,the aim of this study is to analyze the evaluation of gray water and estimate the amount of recycle gray water which can use for drinking water with innovation method in Esfahan region in *** studies did not measure the value of recycling gray water with new method of waste water treatment that can use for drinking *** this study,gray water in Esfahan city is measured and technical aspects of its recycling is *** of the lack of referable guidelines and official technical reports,studies from other similar countries applied in this study and on the basis of which the amount of recoverable gray water was *** indicates that the overall recovery of gray water in Esfahan saves nine million cubic meters of *** price of the rial of this value established on water is 190 billion *** the lack of water sources in Esfahan,the recycle of gray water seems to be a good option,however more research is required to select a recovery strategy.

关键词： Gray water Sustainable water management new technology Reuse of gray water

Climate Change Management Strategies to Handle and Cope with Extreme Weather and Climate Events

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Journal of Geographical Research 2020年第4期3卷 22-28页

作者： Safieh Javadinejad rebwar dara Forough Jafary neda dolatabadi PhD in Water Resource Engineering University of TehranTehranIran PhD in Hydrogeology University of BirminghamEdgbaston St.B152TTUK PhD in water resource management University of BirminghamEdgbaston St.B152TTUK Master of Science in Structural and Environmental Engineering University of TehranIran

Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases causes rising in globalwarming and carbon dioxide emissions. With further efforts to reducecarbon dioxide, it is possible to prevent the warming of the earth, but theeffects of climate change that we have already created can not be *** observed and predicted alterations in the global climate require adouble policy to react to the decline in climate alteration and its adjustment(coexistence) to explain the key factors and their effects. Measuresto reduce climate alteration through decreasing greenhouse gas releasesor removing them from the atmosphere are possible. Execution of morereduction measures at the present time will require less adaptation in thefuture. Meanwhile, inadequate measures to curb climate change presentlyincrease the risk of catastrophic consequences, so that adjustment costs willrise unreasonably and adaptive capacity will face further constraints. Climatechange adaptation measures concentrate in increasing our capabilityto deal with or prevent damaging effects or the use of new *** temperature and changes visible today due to climate changemean that adaptation strategies should be applied. In this paper, strategiesfor reducing climate change and adaptation are reviewed and various strategiesare presented. Meanwhile, this paper looks at the economies affectedby climate change, our involvement to climate alteration, and the ways inwhich the economy has influenced climate change and the ways in which itcan provide logical options.

关键词： Climate change Management Strategy Extreme events

Sleep dysfunctions in schizophrenia: A practical review

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2012年第4期2卷 384-392页

作者： Flavie Waters dara S. Manoach Centre for Clinical Research in neuropsychiatry Graylands Hospital North Metro Area Mental Health Perth Australia Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown USA

Objective: Sleep dysfunctions are common in schizophrenia, yet few evidence-based guidelines exist for the detection, diagnosis and management of sleep disturbances in this disorder. This critical review paper sought to increase awareness amongst mental health clinicians of sleep problems in schizophrenia, promote better identification of sleep problems, and help clinicians make more informed decisions about integrated treatment plans. Specifically, we examined the following key questions: 1) Which sleep problems occur in schizophrenia? 2) What evidence exists regarding the impact of poor sleep? 3) What are the underlying mechanisms of sleep problems in schizophrenia? 4) How can this information be used by clinicians to design a more complete treatment plan? Data Sources and study selection: We conducted a non-systematic review of studies that have shaped our current understanding of sleep in schizophrenia (n = 65). Data sources included PubMed, Medline, and cross-referencing. Results: Sleep disorders are pervasive and broad-ranging in people with schizophrenia, and are associated with substantial burden. An integrated model is proposed whereby a combination of highly interactive factors comprising genetic and neurobiological vulnerabilities, and behavioural and environmental factors, interact to cause sleep abnormalities. However, prospective and rigorous studies of sleep in schizophrenia are lacking. Conclusion: Patients often do not receive optimal care because sleep problems are rarely diagnosed, and treatments plans are incompletely formulated. A better understanding of sleep problems in schizophrenia will lead to increased treatment options, and a more positive clinical outcome.

关键词： Circadian Sleep Wake Medication PSG Spindles Cognition OSA

Analysis of Gray Water Recycling by Reuse of Industrial Waste Water for Agricultural and Irrigation Purposes

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Journal of Geographical Research 2020年第2期3卷 20-24页

作者： Safieh Javadinejad rebwar dara Masoud Hussein Hamed Mariwan Akram Hamah Saeed Forough Jafary Water Resource Engineering Isfahan University of TechnologyIsfahanKhomeyni ShahrDaneshgah e Sanati HwyIran Hydrogeology University of SalahaddinErbilIraq Department of Geology College of ScienceUniversity of SalahaddinErbilIraq Water resource management University of BirminghamEdgbaston St.B152TTUK

Isfahan industrial province with its numerous industrial estates in its area and consequently the amount of wastewater produced by these settlements is very difficult to deal ***,the need for proper wastewater treatment and efficient management of industrial waste water from the industrial estates of this province should be seriously addressed and followed up by the *** purpose of this study is the feasibility of reuse of wastewater from industrial settlements for agricultural and irrigation *** present study is a descriptive cross-sectional *** this study,the average values obtained from the sampling and the results of the experiments on waste water from the industrial waste water treatment plant in Isfahan,2017,have been *** values of BOD5,COD,TSS and so on were compared with the standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency and analyzed in Excel *** to the results,the average values of COD,BOD5,TSS,SO4,pH and catalyst quality parameters were determined from wastewater effluents of 315,162,93,164(mg/L),8.3 and 32.5(nTU)*** results of the study show that the average values of the quality parameters examined from the effluent of the treatment plant other than BOD5 and COD are within the standard range and the limit for agricultural and irrigation purposes,which may lead to undesirable environmental performance of these two parameters.

关键词： Gray water Water recycle Water quality Irrigation water users Industrial users

Analysis of nigerian Electricity Generation Multi Year Tariff Order Pricing Model

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Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第10期9卷 541-554页

作者： nnamdi B. Anosike Jude E. dara Ugochukwu C. ngwaka Frances O. Enemuoh Mechanical Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Mechanical Engineering Department Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria Electrical Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

The Multi Year Tariff Order (MYTO) is the nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (nERC) pricing framework for determining the nigerian Electricity Supply Industry (nESI) pricing model. One of the objectives of the nERC’s MYTO pricing model is to ensure regulated electricity end user tariff without compromising return on investment. Achieving this objective is imperative to attract investors in the growing nigerian electricity market. However, nESI has hitherto been faced with challenges ranging from its inability to provide sufficient power to its customers to not being viable enough to provide return on capital invested. In this paper, sensitivity analysis of power plant operation and performance parameters on the cost of electricity (CoE) generation using MYTO (power generation) pricing model were evaluated. Thermodynamic modeling and simulation of an open cycle gas turbine (OCGT) was carried out to augment scarce data on power plant performance and operation in nigeria. Sensitivity analysis was carried out using probabilistic method based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) implemented in commercial software (@ Risk®). The result highlighted sensitivity of the model input parameters to cost of electricity generation based on technical and financial assumptions of MYTO model. Seven most influential parameters affecting generation cost were identified. These parameters and their correlation coefficients are given as: 1) foreign exchange rate, 0.76;2) cost of fuel, 0.51;3) thermal efficiency, -0.23;4) variable operation and maintenance cost, 0.22;5) fixed operating and maintenance cost, -0.03;6) capacity factor, -0.02;and 7) average capacity degradation, 0.01. Based on the gas turbine engine and input parameter distributions statistics for this study, the generation cost lies between 9.84 to 15.45 n/kWh and the probabilities of CoE within these values were established.

关键词： nigerian electricity Market Generation Multi Year Tariff Order (MYTO) Combustion Turbine Electricity Price Uncertainty Government Interventions

Development and Testing of a Variable Rate nitrogen Application System through an Overhead Irrigation System

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第10期10卷 994-1011页

作者： Phillip B. Williams Ahmad Khalilian Michael W. Marshall Joe Mari Maja Haibo Liu dara Park Ali Mirzakhani nafchi Department of Agricultural Sciences Clemson University Clemson USA Edisto Research and Education Center Clemson University Blackville USA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson USA Cornell University Cooperative Extension Ithaca USA

nutrients are injected through overhead irrigation systems at a uniform rate in a process known as fertigation. The highly variable soils in the Southeastern US pose challenges for effective fertigation. Currently, there is no variable-rate fertigation system available to apply the correct amount of n within a field through an overhead irrigation system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and test a variable-rate n application system that works independently of irrigation water flow for site-specific n application. The variable-rate fertigation system (VRFS) was designed to apply different rates n using a pulse width modulation technique. The VRFS utilized the Clemson Lateral Irrigation Control software which controlled the solenoids in each zone by turning the n supply on and off (pulsing) for each zone. In this study, four tests were conducted to determine the uniformity of the VRFS. In test # 1, the pump output showed a linear slope relationship and was the same for water and n. In test # 2, nozzle flow and uniformity were determined using four different irrigation system travel speeds at n application rates of 31, 59, 88, and 113 kg/ha. There was a strong correlation (R2 = 0.9998) between irrigation system speed and n rate. In test # 3, the uniformity across the length of the irrigation system was determined. The nozzles produced an average flow of 31.1, 58.7, 87.6, and 112.7 kg n/ha with an overall average error of 0.1% across all n rates. Results also showed the system was capable of accurately applying n based on prescription maps with an error of less than 1.8%. Test # 4 was conducted to determine the accuracy of the map-based controller system for applying variable rate n. There was a strong correlation between target n and actual n rates (R2 = 0.9999). In summary, the VRFS applied the correct amounts of n within each zone by either manually controlling the pulsing mechanism or utilizing a prescription map to apply different rates through

关键词： Cotton nitrogen Fertigation Irrigation Variable Rate nutrient Management Precision Agriculture