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Assembling a Photoactive 2D Puzzle: From Bulk Powder to LargeArea Films of Semiconducting Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets

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Accounts of Materials Research 2023年第4期4卷 348-358页

作者： rebekah a.wells Kevin Sivula Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique FÉdÉrale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Two-dimensional(2D)semiconducting materials are poised to revolutionize ultrathin,high-performance optoelectronic *** particular,transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are well-suited for applications requiring robust and stable materials such as electrocatalytic,photocatalytic,and photo-electrochemical *** of the most compelling assets of these materials is the ability to produce and process 2D TMDs in the nanosheet form using solution-based(SB)exfoliation *** to other methods,SB techniques are typically inexpensive,efficient,and more suitable for scale-up and industrial *** acknowledgment of the importance of this area,much work has been done to develop various SB methods starting from the exfoliation of bulk crystalline TMD materials to the chemical modification of final devices consisting of thin films of semiconducting 2D TMD ***,not all SB methods are equally compatible or interchangeable,and they result in very diverse material and device ***,the aim of this Account is to provide an overview of the developed SB techniques that can serve as a guide for assembling high-performance thin films of 2D *** start by introducing the most popular methods for producing 2D TMDs using liquid-phase exfoliation(LPE),discussing their working mechanisms as well as their advantages and *** we highlight a recently developed LPE technique using electro-intercalation that draws on the advantages of previously presented ***,we discuss processing the as-produced 2D TMD nanosheets via SB separating techniques designed for size and morphology selection while also presenting the ongoing challenges in this *** then examine SB methods for processing the selected 2D nanomaterial dispersions into semiconducting thin *** methods are compared and contrasted,and special attention is paid to a recently developed method that carefully deposits 2D TMD nanoflakes with preferentia

关键词： Transition critical sheets

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Analysis of the hot deformation of ZK60 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2017年第4期5卷 369-387页

作者： Amir Hadadzadeh Mary a.wells Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Hot deformation of cast-homogenized and extruded(in both the extrusion and transverse directions)ZK60 magnesium alloy was conducted using the Gleeble®3500 thermal-mechanical simulation testing system.A new approach to model the high temperature constitutive behavior of the alloy was done using two well-known equations(*** sine and Ludwig equations).For this approach,the deformation conditions were divided into regimes of low and high temperature and strain rate(four regimes).Constitutive model development was conducted in each regime and the material parameters(P)were evaluated as strain,strain rate and temperature-dependent variables;P(ε,ε,T).Using this approach,the flow curves were predicted with high accuracy relative to the experimental ***,detailed information on the evolution of hot deformation activation energy was obtained using the modified hyperbolic sine *** the modified Ludwig equation,details of strain hardening and strain rate sensitivity of the ZK60 material during hot deformation were obtained.

关键词： ZK60 magnesium alloy Hot deformation Constitutive modeling Zener-Hollomon Hyperbolic sine Ludwig equation

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Mathematical modeling of thermo-mechanical behavior of strip during twin roll casting of an AZ31 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2013年第2期1卷 101-114页

作者： Amir Hadadzadeh Mary a.wells Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

The effect of set-back distance on the thermo-mechanical behavior of the strip during twin roll casting(TRC)of an AZ31 magnesium alloy was modeled using finite element method(FEM).Model validation was done by comparing the predicted and measured exit strip surface temperature as well as the secondary dendrite arm spacing(SDAS)through the thickness of the sheet to those measured during *** results showed as the set-back distance increases,the strip exit temperature decreases and the solidification front moves toward the entry of the roll *** cast strip also experiences more plastic deformation and consequently,the normal stress on the strip surface and effective strain at the strip center-line ***,higher separating forces were predicted for longer set-back *** predictions showed that changing the set-back distance by varying the final thickness has a more significant effect on the temperature and stress-strain fields than altering the nozzle opening height.

关键词： Twin roll casting process AZ31 magnesium alloy Thermal-fluid-stress model Set-back distance Roll separating force

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Intrinsic carrier multiplication in layered Bi_(2)O_(2)Se avalanche photodiodes with gain bandwidth product exceeding 1 GHz

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Nano Research 2021年第6期14卷 1961-1966页

作者： Vinod K.Sangwan Joohoon Kang David Lam J.Tyler Gish Spencer a.wells Jan Luxa James P.Male GJeffrey Snyder Zdenek Sofer Mark C.Hersam Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology PragueTechnicka 516628Prague 6Czech Republic Department of Chemistry Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA

Emerging layered semiconductors present multiple advantages for optoelectronic technologies including high carrier mobilities,strong light-matter interactions,and tunable optical absorption and ***,metal-semiconductor-metal avalanche photodiodes(APDs)are fabricated from Bi2O2Se crystals,which consist of electrostatically bound[Bi2O2]2+and[Se]2−*** resulting APDs possess an intrinsic carrier multiplication factor up to 400 at 7 K with a responsivity gain exceeding 3,000 A/W and bandwidth of~400 kHz at a visible wavelength of 515.6 nm,ultimately resulting in a gain bandwidth product exceeding 1 *** to exceptionally low dark currents,Bi2O2Se APDs also yield high detectivities up to 4.6×1014 Jones.A systematic analysis of the photocurrent temperature and bias dependence reveals that the carrier multiplication process in Bi2O2Se APDs is consistent with a reverse biased Schottky diode model with a barrier height of~44 meV,in contrast to the charge trapping extrinsic gain mechanism that dominates most layered semiconductor *** this manner,layered Bi2O2Se APDs provide a unique platform that can be exploited in a diverse range of high-performance photodetector applications.

关键词： layered semiconductor photodetector high-frequency Schottky diode impact ionization

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Effects of essential oils on economically important characteristics of ruminant species:A comprehensive review

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 1-10页

作者： Cara Wessels wells MicroBios Inc.HoustonUnited States

Essential oils derived from plants can provide biological impacts to livestock *** studies researching essential oils in livestock have investigated various essential oils for prevention and treatment of microbial infection and parasites as well as to enhance milk production,animal performance and rumen *** the availability of several commercial products containing essential oils to promote animal health and production,the vast amount of essential oils,modes of application,and effective concentrations of the essential oils suggest there are more opportunities for essential oils to be utilized in commercial livestock production and veterinary *** objective of this review is to contribute to the understanding of the value that essential oils can provide to the ruminant diet and to examine the biological impact of various essential oils on economically important production traits of ruminant species.

关键词： Essential oils Ruminant diet Non-antibiotic therapy

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Deformation behavior and constitutive model for dual-phase Mg-Li alloy at elevated temperatures

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2016年第2期26卷 508-518页

作者：魏国兵彭晓东胡发平 Amir HADADZADEH 杨艳谢卫东 Mary a.wells 重庆大学材料科学与工程学院重庆400044 Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department University of Waterloo

In order to study the deformation behavior and evaluate the workability of the dual-phase Mg-9Li-3Al-2Sr alloy, isothermal hot compression tests were conducted using the Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator, in ranges of elevated temperatures （423-573 K） and strain rates （0.001-1 s^-1）. Plastic instability is evident during the deformation which is in the form of serrated flow; serrated yielding is attributed to the locking of mobile dislocations by the Mg and Li atoms which diffuse during the deformation. The relationships between flow stress, strain rate and deformation temperature were analyzed and the deformation activation energy and some basic material factors at different strains were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. The effects of temperature and strain rate on deformation behavior were represented using the Zener–Hollomon parameter in an exponent-type equation. To verify the validity of the constitutive model, the predicted values and experimental flow curves under different deformation conditions were compared, the correlation coefficient （0.9970） and average absolute relative error （AARE=4.41%） were calculated. The results indicate that the constitutive model can be used to accurately predict the flow behavior of dual-phase Mg-9Li-3Al-2Sr alloy during high temperature deformation.

关键词： constitutive model Mg-Li alloy plastic instability Zener-Hollomon parameter

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The “PAWPER-on-a-page”: Increasing global access to a low-cost weight estimation system

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第2期10卷 101-108页

作者： Mike wells Lara Nicole Goldstein Division of Emergency Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand

BACKGROUND: The PAWPER tape is one of the most accurate weight estimation systems available today, but international access to the tape is limited because it has no commercial distribution. For this reason, the "PAWPER-on-a-page" concept was devised: downloadable image fi les that allow users to print and assemble their own tapes. However, the feasibility of this method is dependent on users being able to produce accurate tapes. This study was devised to determine whether untrained participants could print and assemble the "PAWPER-on-a-page" easily and ***: Doctor and nurse volunteers downloaded the "PAWPER-on-a-page" and "PAWPER XL-on-a-page" image files and printed copies on a home-printer and also at a commercial printer. One copy of each tape was then assembled according to instructions from an online video. The accuracy of printing and assembly, the time taken for assembly and the cost were then ***: There were 32 participants. The median time for assembly was 8 minutes 19 seconds and 7 minutes 31 seconds for the "PAWPER-on-a-page" and "PAWPER XL-on-a-page" respectively, with a median cost of USD 0.09 and USD 1.00 respectively. For the assembled tapes, 71.9% of the "PAWPER-on-a-page" tapes and 65.6% of the "PAWPER XL-on-a-page" achieved the required accuracy of 0.2%. Printing errors, related to scaling, were common, but easily ***: The "PAWPER-on-a-page" system can be easily, quickly, affordably and accurately printed and assembled by end users. Stringent double checking of the printed and fully assembled tapes is essential to ensure accuracy.

关键词： PAWPER tape Weight estimation Paediatric emergency care

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Interfacial Strategies for Smart Slippery Surfaces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 633-643页

作者： Glen McHale Rodrigo Ledesma-Aguilar Gary George wells Smart Materials&Surfaces Laboratory Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE18STUK

The problem of contact line pinning on surfaces is pervasive and contributes to problems from ring stains to ice *** we provide a single conceptual framework for interfacial strategies encompassing five strategies for modifying the solid-liquid interface to remove pinning and increase droplet *** biomimetic strategies are included,(i)reducing the liquid-solid interfacial area inspired by the Lotus effect,(ii)converting the liquid-solid contact to a solid-solid contact by the formation of a liquid marble inspired by how galling aphids remove honeydew,and(iii)converting the liquid-solid interface to a liquid-lubricant contact by the use of a lubricant impregnated surface inspired by the Nepenthes Pitcher *** further strategies are,(iv)converting the liquid-solid contact to a liquid-vapor contact by using the Leidenfrost effect,and(v)converting the contact to a liquid-liquid-like contact using slippery omniphobic covalent attachment of a liquid-like coating(SOCAL).Using these approaches,we explain how surfaces can be designed to have smart functionality whilst retaining the mobility of contact lines and ***,we show how droplets can evaporate at constant contact angle,be positioned using a Cheerios effect,transported by boundary reconfiguration in an energy invariant manner,and drive the rotation of solid components in a Leidenfrost heat *** conceptual framework enables the rationale design of surfaces which are slippery to liquids and is relevant to a diverse range of applications.

关键词： superhydrophobicity SLIPS liquid marbles leidenfrost SOCAL

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Keap1 eye on the target:chemoprevention of liver cancer

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第9期28卷 1331-1342页

作者： Melinda Sue YATES Thomas wells KENSLER Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Department of Environmental Health SciencesJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland 21205USA

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide,causing nearly 600 000 deaths each *** risk of HCC due to chronicinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and exposure to dietary aflatoxins is respon-sible for many of these *** strategies targeting HBV infection andaflatoxin exposure could dramatically impact the rates of *** HBVvaccination programs have begun in some high-risk *** to reduceaflatoxin contamination in food stores have also been ***,complete elimination of aflatoxin contamination might not be *** thisreason,chemoprevention strategies which alter aflatoxin disposition are a practi-cal strategy to reduce the incidence of HCC in populations with high dietaryaflatoxin *** mechanisms of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesisare well *** knowledge provides the basis for evaluation of both expo-sures to aflatoxin,as well as modulation of aflatoxin disposition by *** of aflatoxin DNA damage and toxicity as well as other metabo-lites can be used as biomarkers to evaluate modulation of aflatoxin *** of aflatoxin disposition can be achieved through induction of conju-gating and cytoprotective *** of these enzymes are regulated throughKelch ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1)-NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)-antioxi-dant response element (ARE) signaling,making this pathway an important mo-lecular target for *** studies have identified several classesof chemopreventive agents which induce cytoprotective *** inducersinclude phenolic antioxidants,dithiolethiones,isothiocyanates,and ***,clinical interventions have shown that inducers of Keap 1-Nrf2-ARE signaling increase cytoprotective enzyme expression,resulting in modula-tion of aflatoxin *** work remains to be done in order to takepromising chemopreventive agents from preclinical evaluation to

关键词： chemoprevention Kelch ECH associating protein 1 Nrf2 sulforaphane oltipraz triterpenoids dithiolethiones hepatocellular carcinoma

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提高砼覆面层粘结力的方法

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国外建材科技 2000年第4期21卷 37-41页

作者：许贤敏 John a.wells 河北省建筑设计研究院 050011

结构修复工程的兴起,使得人们对于新拌的塑性砼与硬化砼之间的粘结材料和方法产生了极大的兴趣。办公楼、仓库、桥面板和停车库用粘结覆面层重做面层,已成为工程界广泛接受的一种修复方法了。在实际工程中经常会遇到砼覆面层的裂缝和起... 详细信息

结构修复工程的兴起,使得人们对于新拌的塑性砼与硬化砼之间的粘结材料和方法产生了极大的兴趣。办公楼、仓库、桥面板和停车库用粘结覆面层重做面层,已成为工程界广泛接受的一种修复方法了。在实际工程中经常会遇到砼覆面层的裂缝和起鼓问题。如何进行表面处理和用哪一种粘结剂来提高覆面层与原有基层之间的粘结力,这在业务、工程师和承包商之间往往是各执一词,众说纷芸的。加拿大标准协会A23.1规程《砼材料与砼施工方法》中第22条,允许采用几种表面准备的方法,它们在表面质地的打毛程度和造价方面有着很大的差别。参数的方法包括喷砂、喷丸、喷水、钢丝刷、真空法和酸蚀法。此外。

关键词：混凝土粘结力覆面层修复裂缝起鼓

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