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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 739-754页

作者： Maren N. VITOUSEK David M. ZONANA rebecca J. SAFRAN Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Comell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Signal traits are often linked with the physiological state and behavior of their bearer. Direct examination of the causal links among these variables has provided substantial insight into the information content of signals, and into the costs and benefits of signal expression. Yet recent empirical work suggests that the social context in which signals are developed and displayed can play a major role not only in how signals are received, but also in coordinating and mediating the signaling phenotype itself. Here we review both well-established and emerging evidence for direct feedbacks among an individual＇s physiological state, be- havior, and signal elaboration. We then describe an integrative view of signaling that takes into account the bidirectional rela- tionships among components of phenotype and the social context in which signals are developed and displayed. Integrating dy- namic feedback between context and phenotype within models of the evolution and maintenance of signals may yield insights into how signals evolve, how signaling phenotypes are coordinated and maintained on ecological and evolutionary time scales, and how static signals continue to convey relevant phenotypic information about their bearer through time.

关键词： Behavior Phenotype Physiology Signal trait Social feedback Sexual selection

Hirudotherapy attenuates arthritic pain in patients with various chronic pain syndromes: A retrospective analysis

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第5期18卷 425-433页

作者： Johannes Loeser Brigitte Layer Christopher Plata Klaus-Maria Perrar Tim Hucho rebecca Kulbida Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University Clinic of CologneKoeln 50937Germany Department of Palliative Care University Clinic of CologneKoeln 50937Germany

Objective: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that affects synovial joints. Micro-injuries of articular structures initiate inflammatory processes, leading to persistent pain. Due to various risk factors,osteoarthritis is often diagnosed in multimorbid patients. This makes pain management one of the key challenges, with a consistent need for new therapeutic strategies. Hence, complementary and integrative methods such as hirudotherapy have become increasingly important, even though their mechanisms of action are not entirely ***: We retrospectively analyzed the longitudinal effect of a single leech application on osteoarthritic joints in a heterogenic cohort of 24 cases with various chronic pain syndromes. We assessed articular pain intensity ratings and movability of the treated joint after one-time leeching for up to 12 *** further investigated the effect of hirudotherapy on the systemic pain status and multimodal treatment strategies of the ***: There was a significant reduction in pain intensity ratings at the joint of leech application for up to 12 months after treatment. The improvements in pain intensities were independent of the form of osteoarthritis treated. In addition, we saw a considerable enhancement in local movability of the treated joint. Hirudotherapy did not seem to influence the systemic pain status as well as the previously established individualized multimodal treatment model of the ***: Leeching as an adjuvant therapy has a great potential especially in terms of safety and longterm outcome.

关键词： Hirudotherapy Medicinal leeching Chronic pain syndromes Pain management Osteoarthritis

Decision Making for Managing Community Flood Risks:Perspectives of United States Floodplain Managers

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第5期12卷 649-660页

作者： Jenna Tyler Abdul-Akeem Sadiq Douglas S.Noonan rebecca M.Entress School of Public Administration University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32801USA O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University–Purdue University IndianapolisIN 46202USA

To reduce flood losses,floodplain managers make decisions on how to effectively manage their community’s flood *** there is a growing body of research that examines how individuals and households make decisions to manage their flood risks,far less attention has been directed at understanding the decision-making processes for flood management at the community *** study aimed to narrow this research gap by examining floodplain managers’perceptions of the quality of their community’s flood management decision-making *** gathered from interviews with 200 floodplain managers in the United States indicate that most floodplain managers perceive their community’s flood management decision-making processes to be *** results also indicate that communities participating in the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Community Rating System,as well as communities with a higher level of concern for flooding and a lower poverty rate,are significantly more likely to report better flood management decision-making processes.

关键词： Community flood risk management Decision making Floodplain managers United States

Enhanced disinfection of Escherichia coli and bacteriophage MS2 in water using a copper and silver loaded titanium dioxide nanowire membrane

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 71-79页

作者： Guiying RAO Kristen S. BRASTAD Qianyi ZHANG rebecca ROBINSON Zhen HE Ying LI Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee WI 53211 USA A.O. Smith Corporate Technology Center Milwaukee WI 53224 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

Titanium dioxide （TiO2） is a widely used photocatalyst that has been demonstrated for microorganism disinfection in drinking water. In this study, a new material with a novel structure, silver and copper loaded TiO2 nanowire membrane （Cu-Ag-TiO2） was prepared and evaluated for its efficiency to inactivate E. coli and bacteriophage MS2. Enhanced photo-activated bactericidal and virucidal activities were obtained by the Cu-Ag-TiO2 membrane than by the TiO2, Ag-TiO2 and Cu-TiO2 membranes under both dark and UV light illumination. The better performance was attributed to the synergies of enhanced membrane photoacfivity by loading silver and copper on the membrane and the synergistic effect between the free silver and copper ions in water. At the end of a 30 min test of dead- end filtration under 254 nm UV irradiation, the Cu-Ag-TiO2 membrane was able to obtain an E. coli removal of 7.68 log and bacteriophage Ms2 removal of 4.02 log, which have met the US EPA standard. The free metal ions coming offthe membrane have concentrations of less than 10 ppb in the water effluent, far below the US EPA maximum contaminant level for silver and copper ions in drinking water. Therefore, the photo-activated disinfection by the Cu-Ag-Ti02 membrane is a viable technique for meeting drinking water treatment standards of microbiological water purifiers.

关键词： Photo-activated disinfection Titanium dioxide Nanowire membrane Silver Copper

Forewordto the Special Issue on Nanomanufacturing and Atomic& Close-to-Atomic Scale Manufacturing (ACSM)

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第3期5卷 189-190页

作者： Nan Yu Stuart Reid rebecca Cheung Vasileios Koutsos Institute for Materials and Processes The University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH89FBUK SUPA Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of StrathclydeGlasgow G11QEUK Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems The University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH89FBUK

Nanomanufacturing(NM),developed over the past three decades,bridges nanosciencediscoveries tonanotechnology products by scaled-up,reliable,and cost-effective manufacturing materials,structures,devices,and systems at the nanoscale(1-100 nm).At this scale,physical and chemical properties of the materials and tools have been dominated by classical Newtonian mechanics,although quantum confinementeffects become *** of top-down and bottom-up approaches were developed,including nanomechanical machining,nanolithography,energy beam machining,deposition and etching,nanoprinting,nano assembly,nano replication,etc.[1].These techniques enabled a range of applications from medical imaging and renewable energy to sensor devices and quantum computing.

关键词： bridges printing machining

Two cases of variant late infantile ceroid lipofuscinosis in Jordan

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第2期7卷 203-208页

作者： Omar Nafi Bashar Ramadan Olaf Riess rebecca Buchert Tawfiq Froukh Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Mutah University Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics Rare Disease Center University of Tübingen Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Philadelphia University

BACKGROUND Late infantile ceroid lipofuscinosis is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that appears between the ages of 2 and 4 years and is difficult to diagnose. In this report we present two sisters with this condition, and the clinical course consisted of delayed developmental skills initially and later regression of previously acquired skills. The cases were initially considered as childhood disintegrative disorder(CDD); however, when whole exome sequencing(WES) genetic testing was done, they proved to be variant late infantile ceroid lipofuscinosis. This is the first report from *** SUMMARY Clinical presentation included developmental delay and initially speech delay,followed by lose of sphincter control. Motor development was normal until 4 years of age, then they developed ataxia(fear of going downstairs) and weakness while walking. Atonic and myoclonic seizures become intractable, and this was followed by inability to stand or sit and loss of expressive language. In addition to complete blood count test, liver function test, kidney function test, serum electrolyte test, and blood sugar test, serum amino acid profile, B12 level test,thyroid function test, and a brain computed tomography scan were also *** electroencephalogram showed a generalized spike and wave pattern, and magnetic resonance imaging showed little to no abnormalities. After dealing with the cases as CDD, WES testing proved a final diagnosis of variant late infantile ceroid lipofuscinosis. Current treatment is anti-epileptic drugs and supportive care at home, and they are now in vegetative *** This report highlights the importance of WES for the identification of genetic diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： Ceroid lipofuscinosis Childhood disintegrative disorder Lysosomal storage disorders Neurodegenerative disorders Variant late infantile Case report

Climate drives differences in the germination niche of a globally distributed invasive grass

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 195-203页

作者： rebecca A.Fletcher Kayla M.Varnon Jacob N.Barney Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences675 Old Glade RdBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Aims Exotic invasive species are often exposed to strong selection pressures in their new ranges that can often lead to substantial intraspecific *** differentiation in the timing of life history events in response to climate gradients is thought to be an important mechanism facilitating the range expansion of many invasive *** seed producing plants,the timing of seed germination determines the first environmental conditions experienced by newly emerged germinates,and can have important implications for the successful colonization,establishment and spread of invasive plants—though the role of germination in the success of invasive plants remains poorly *** We assessed the variation in seed germination dynamics among 10 populations of the invasive plant Johnsongrass(Sorghum halepense)across its North American distribution,capturing both a temperature and precipitation gradient,and whether that variation is associated with home *** were exposed to a wide range of temperatures(11–48℃)and two water availability *** Findings We found that Johnsongrass seeds germinated across a wide range of temperatures,but there was substantial variation among populations in the proportion of seeds that germinated in response to both temperature and water *** indicates that as Johnsongrass expanded its range from warmer climates into cooler climates,there was a concurrent shift in the germination temperature niche to cooler *** results suggest that the germination of Johnsongrass seeds has adapted to home climate allowing this invader to maximize germination throughout its range,and that this may be an important contributing factor to its invasion into new environments.

关键词： adaptation among-population variation Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense temperature water availability

As Eve said to the serpent

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As Eve said to the serpent

Metabolic pathways as possible therapeutic targets for progressive multiple sclerosis

作者： by rebecca Solnit.

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第8期12卷 1262-1267页

作者： rebecca M.Heidker Mitchell R.Emerson Steven M.Le Vine Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy-Glendale Midwestern University

Unlike relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, there are very few therapeutic options for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. While immune mechanisms are key participants in the pathogenesis of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, the mechanisms underlying the development of progressive multiple sclerosis are less well understood. Putative mechanisms behind progressive multiple sclerosis have been put forth： insufficient energy production via mitochondrial dysfunction, activated microglia, iron accumulation, oxidative stress, activated astrocytes, Wallerian degeneration, apoptosis, etc. Furthermore, repair processes such as remyelination are incomplete. Experimental therapies that strive to improve metabolism within neurons and glia, e.g., oligodendrocytes, could act to counter inadequate energy supplies and/or support remyelination. Most experimental approaches have been examined as standalone interventions; however, it is apparent that the biochemical steps being targeted are part of larger pathways, which are further intertwined with other metabolic pathways. Thus, the potential benefits of a tested intervention, or of an established therapy, e.g., ocrelizumab, could be undermined by constraints on upstream and/or downstream steps. If correct, then this argues for a more comprehensive, multifaceted approach to therapy. Here we review experimental approaches to support neuronal and glial metabolism, and/or promote remyelination, which may have potential to lessen or delay progressive multiple sclerosis.

关键词： acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase biotin estrogen iron Kynurenine pathway mitochondria thyroidhormone remyelination stem cells vitamin D

Benefits and risks associated with consumption of Great Lakes fish containing omega-3 fatty acids and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第3期28卷 1-5页

作者： rebecca E.Paliwoda Ashley M.Newbigging Zhixin Wang X.Chris Le Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of Alberta

Introduction Assessment of environmental health effects arising from exposure to multiple substances is often very *** is particularly true when humans are exposed to a mixture that contains both beneficial and harmfu... 详细信息

关键词： Environmental epidemiology Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) Omega-3 fatty acids Thyroid cancer Dietary exposure Food contamination New York fishermen