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Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 82-92页

作者： stiven Roytman rebecca Paalanen Giulia Carli Uros Marusic Prabesh Kanel Teus van Laar Nico I.Bohnen Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Morris K.Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Institute for Kinesiology Research Science and Research Centre KoperKoperSlovenia Department of Health sciences Alma Mater Europaea–ECMMariborSlovenia Parkinson’s Foundation Research Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Neurology service and GRECC VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging *** and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous *** effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory *** mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present *** multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older *** emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and *** the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s *** also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older ***,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： aging balance encephalography functional magnetic resonance imaging gait multisensory integration Parkinson’s disease positron emission tomography somatosensory vestibular visual

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英国的女性和男性从哪里获取避孕用品?第三次全国性态度和生活方式调查结果(Natsal-3)

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英国医学杂志中文版 2019年第11期22卷 683-683页

作者： rebecca s french rebecca Geary Kyle Jones Anna Glasier Catherine H Mercer Jessica Datta Wendy Macdowall Melissa Palmer Anne M Johnson Kaye Wellings 高辉(译) 不详首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院妇产科

背景评估英国使用不同来源避孕用品的使用率及其主要人口和行为特征的变化。方法采用横断面概率抽样法,在2010-2012年期间,对居住在英国的16~74岁的女性和男性进行访谈。共有4571名女性和3142名男性,年龄16~44岁,在过去一年间有阴道性... 详细信息

背景评估英国使用不同来源避孕用品的使用率及其主要人口和行为特征的变化。方法采用横断面概率抽样法,在2010-2012年期间,对居住在英国的16~74岁的女性和男性进行访谈。共有4571名女性和3142名男性,年龄16~44岁,在过去一年间有阴道性生活者接受访谈,排除已绝育(包括子宫切除术)者。避孕用品的来源分为:全科诊所、社区诊所、零售和其他。对这些来源的使用率及相关因素进行评估。

关键词：社区诊所子宫切除术避孕用品行为特征全科诊所性生活使用率横断面

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Edible Bird's Nest:Food or Medicine?

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第9期19卷 643-649页

作者： rebecca s.Y.Wong Faculty of Medicine SEGi University

Edible bird＇s nest （EBN） is derived from the saliva of certain types of swiflets. It is consumed in many parts of the world for its nutritional and medicinal values. Although many claims have been made on the therapeutic and health- promoting effects of EBN, scientific documentations regarding these effects are very limited in published literature. It is not until recently that the biological effects of EBN are being investigated and evidence-based studies are being conducted. several studies have found that EBN may enhance cell proliferation and differentiation and various beneficial effects have been reported in vitro as well as in vivo. While these studies point towards the potential use of EBN in the treatment or even prevention of several diseases, the mechanisms of action of EBN remain largely unknown and more explorations are needed. This review is one of the very few scientific reviews onEBN which focuses on recent evidence-based discoveries.

关键词： edible bird's nest nutritional values composition potential health-promoting effects

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A numerical implementation of the length-scale independent phase field method

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Acta Mechanica sinica 2021年第1期37卷 92-104,I0003页

作者： Wenlong Zhang Ala Tabiei Donald french Department of Civil Engineering University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH45220USA Department of Mathematics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH45220USA

The phase field method for fracture integrates the Griffith theory and damage mechanics approach to predict crack initiation and propagation within one *** replaced the discrete representation of crack by diffusive damage and solved it based on a minimization of the global energy storage *** a result,no crack tracking topology is needed,and complex crack shapes can be captures without user ***,it is also reported to have an inconsistency between the predicted fracture toughness and the material ***,a novel energetic degradation function was proposed in literature to handle this *** research does some further modifications to the global energy storage functional so that Newton's method can be directly used to solve the energy *** the new energy form,direct implementation of the length-scale independent phase field method into finite element packages like Ls-DYNA becomes *** paper presents the framework and details of implementing the length-scale independent phase field method into Ls-DYNA through a user-defined element and material *** numerical examples are presented to compare with the experiment crack *** importantly,this paper is one of the first ones to quantitatively predict accurate force response compared to *** examples verify the accuracy of the new energy form and implementation.

关键词： Phase field method Length-scale independency Newton’s method Ls-DYNA

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Unfolded p53 in non-neuronal cells supports bacterial etiology of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2619-2622页

作者： Peter W.french Innlanz Limited SydneyNSWAustralia

Alzheimer’s disease has proven to be largely intractable to treatment,despite years of research,and numerous trials of therapies that target the hallmarks of the disease-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary *** etiology of Alzheimer’s disease remains *** is a growing body of evidence for an infectious trigger of Alzheimer’s disease,and,in particular,the focus has been on the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis(***).Reports of the expression of a misfolded form of p53 in non-neuronal cells(fibroblasts,peripheral blood mononuclear cells,and B cells)and serum,which appears several years before clinical symptoms manifest,may provide further support for the role of bacteria in general,and *** in particular,in the initiation of the *** review presents a model of the pathway from initial oral infection with *** to amyloid plaque formation and neuronal degeneration,via the steps of chronic periodontitis;secretion of the inflammagens lipopolysaccharide and gingipains into the bloodstream;induction of an inflammatory response in both peripheral cells and tissues;disruption of the blood-brain barrier,and entry into the central nervous system of the inflammagens and the *** bacteria *** this model,the misfolded p53(or“unfolded p53”;up53)is induced in non-neuronal cells and upregulated in serum as a result of oxidative stress due to lipopolysaccharide from ***53 is therefore a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of the presence of a causative agent of Alzheimer’s *** dental hygiene and aggressive antibiotic treatment may prevent the patient progressing to clinical Alzheimer’s disease if serum up53 is detected at this pre-symptomatic stage.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease gingipains lipopolysaccharide P.gingivalis periodontitis unfolded p53

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Contemporary approaches to visual prostheses

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Military Medical Research 2019年第3期6卷 254-262页

作者： rebecca M.Mirochnik John s.Pezaris Department of Bioengineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA.3Department of NeurosurgeryHarvard MedicalSchoolBostonMAUSA.

Visual prostheses serve to restore visual function following acquired blindness. Acquired blindness(as opposed to congenital blindness) has many causes, including diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, or trauma such as caused by automobile accident or blast damage from explosions. Many of the blindness-causing diseases target the retina or other ocular structure. Often, despite the loss of sensitivity to light, the remainder of the visual pathway is still functional, enabling electrical devices to deliver effective and meaningful visual information to the brain via arrays of electrodes. These arrays can be placed in any part of the early visual pathway, such as the retina, optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus, or visual cortex. A camera or other imaging source is used to drive electrical stimulation of remaining healthy cells or structures to create artificial vision and provide restoration of function. In this review, each approach to visual prostheses is described, including advantages and disadvantages as well as assessments of the current state of the art. Most of the work to-date has been targeting stimulation of(a) the retina, with three devices approved for general use and two more in clinical testing;(b) the lateral geniculate nucleus, with efforts still in the pre-clinical stage;and(c) the cortex, with three devices in clinical testing and none currently approved for general use despite the longest history of investigation of the three major approaches. Each class of device has different medical indications, and different levels of invasiveness required for implantation. All contemporary devices deliver relatively poor vision. There has been remarkable progress since the first proof-ofconcept demonstration that used stimulation of the primary visual cortex, with the field exploring all viable options for restoration of function. Much of the progress has been recent, driven by advances in microelectronics and biocompat

关键词： Visual prosthesis Blindness Artificial vision

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short- and long-term effects of developmental corticosterone exposure on avian physiology, behavioral phenotype, cognition, and fitness： A review

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 514-530页

作者： stephan J. sCHOECH Michelle A. RENsEL rebecca s. HEIss Department of Biological sciences The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

A growing body of evidence from across taxa suggests that exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids during early development can have long-term effects upon physiological and behavioral phenotypes. Additionally, there is some, though limited, evidence that similar early exposure can also negatively impact cognitive ability. Following pioneering mammalian studies, several avian studies have revealed that the responsiveness of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis as an adult can be explained by levels of corticosterone, the avian glucocorticoid, the individual experienced as a nestling or even as an embryo via yolk exposure. studies also suggest that perinatal exposure to corticosterone can have effects upon avian ＇personalities＇ or coping styles, and findings from mammalian studies suggest that these long-term effects are mediated epigenetically via altered expression of relevant DNA sequences. Although a consistent pattern across-species has yet to emerge, recent work in Florida scrub-jays Aphelocoma coerulescens found that baseline corticosterone levels in ll-day-old nestlings explained 84% of the varia- tion in ＇personality＇（bold vs. timid） when those individuals were tested approximately seven months later. Nestlings with elevated corticosterone levels were more timid than those individuals that as nestlings experienced relatively low corticosterone levels. some researchers have suggested that parents might use such mechanisms to ＇program＇ their offsprings＇ phenotype to best fit prevailing environmental conditions. This review will visit what is known about the links between stressful developmental conditions that result in exposure to elevated corticosterone and the short- and long-term effects of this steroid hormone upon central nervous system function and whether alterations thereof are beneficial, deleterious, or neutral. It will concentrate on examples from birds, although critical supporting studies from the mammalian literature will be inclu

关键词： Glucocorticoids Developmental stress Behavioral phenotype

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PDE solution to UAV/UGV trajectory planning problem by spatio-temporal estimation during wildfires

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第5期34卷 601-616页

作者： Mohammadreza RADM ANEsH Balaji sHARMA Manish KUMAR Donald french Aerial Mobility Group NASA Jet Propulsion Lcib(JPL)Pasadena 91016USA Mathworks BuffaloNew YorkUSA Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering.University of Cincinnati Cincinnati 45221USA Department of Mathematical sciences University of CincinnatiCincinnati 45221USA

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)and Unmanned Ground Vehicles(UGVs)have been used in research and development community due to their strong potential in high-risk *** of the most important civilian implementations of UAV/UGV cooperative path planning is delivering medical or emergency supplies during disasters such as wildfires,the focus of this ***,wildfires themselves pose risk to the UAVs/UGVs and their paths should be planned to avert the risk as well as complete the *** this paper,wildfire growth is simulated using a coupled Partial Differential Equation(PDE)model,widely used in literature for modeling wildfires,in a grid environment with added process and measurement *** principles of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(POD),and with an appropriate choice of decomposition modes,a low-dimensional equivalent fire growth model is obtained for the deployment of the space-time Kalman Filtering(KF)paradigm for estimation of wildfires using simulated *** KF paradigm is then used to estimate and predict the propagation of wildfire based on local data obtained from a camera mounted on the *** information is then used to obtain a safe path for the UGV that needs to travel from an initial location to the final position while the UAV’s path is planned to gather information on *** planning of both UAV and UGV is carried out using a PDE based method that allows incorporation of threats due to wildfire and other obstacles in the form of risk *** results from numerical simulation are presented to validate the proposed estimation and path planning methods.

关键词： state-estimation Trajectory planning UAV UGV Wild-fire

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Molecular identification and population dynamics of two species of Pemphigus （Homoptera： Pemphidae） on cabbage

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Insect science 2009年第2期16卷 115-124页

作者： Naiqi Chen Tong-Xian Liu Mamoudou setamou J. Victor french Eliezer s. Louzada Department of Entomology Texas AgriLife Research Texas A&M University System Weslaco Citrus Center Texas A&M University- Kingsville Citrus Center Weslaco TX 78596 USA

The poplar petiole gall aphid, Pemphiguspopulitransversus Riley, has been one of the major pests on cruciferous vegetable in the Rio Grande Valley （LRGV） of Texas since the late 1940s. It normally migrates from poplar trees to cruciferous vegetables in the fall, and migrates back to the trees in early spring of the coming year. some root-feeding aphids were found on cruciferous vegetables in late spring and early summer in 1998 and the following years. Those aphids have been identified as Pemphigus obesinymphae Moran. This discovery completely changed the current knowledge about the root-feeding aphids on cruciferous vegetables in the LRGV. Due to their small size, morphological and feeding similarities between P. populitransversus and P. obesinymphae, their identification and distinction are difficult. In this study, random amplification of polymorphic DNA （RAPD） and amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） were used to distinguish these two species over a period of time when the two species occurred together, or separately, in cabbage fields. The two species occurred on cabbage at different times of the year, and overlapped from October to June. From May to October, both species migrated to their primary hosts. The apterous aphids found on cabbage in winter contained mainly P. obesinymphae, whereas in early spring more apterous P. populitransversus were recovered. The root-feeding aphids would feed on cabbage plants as long as this host was available even during the hot, dry summer in the LRGV, although their populations were generally low. Both RAPD and AFLP techniques were efficient in discriminating the two species that showed obviously genetic variability. These molecular techniques confirmed the existence of the two aphid species in apterous samples collected from the soil in cabbage fields in the LRGV, and the results performed by RAPD were confirmed by AFLP. Furthermore, the results suggest that RAPD technique was a better choice despite its reproducib

关键词： AFLP cabbage identification RAPD root aphid

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GANana:Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Volumetric Regression of Fruit

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Plant Phenomics 2021年第1期3卷 326-336页

作者： Zane K.J.Hartley Aaron s.Jackson Michael Pound Andrew P.french school of Computer science University of NottinghamNG71BBUK school of Biosciences University of NottinghamLE125RDUK

3D reconstruction of fruit is important as a key component of fruit grading and an important part of many size estimation *** many computer vision challenges,the 3D reconstruction task suffers from a lack of readily available training data in most domains,with methods typically depending on large datasets of high-quality image-model *** this paper,we propose an unsupervised domain-adaptation approach to 3D reconstruction where labelled images only exist in our source synthetic domain,and training is supplemented with different unlabelled datasets from the target real *** approach the problem of 3D reconstruction using volumetric regression and produce a training set of 25,000 pairs of images and volumes using hand-crafted 3D models of bananas rendered in a 3D modelling environment(Blender).Each image is then enhanced by a GAN to more closely match the domain of photographs of real images by introducing a volumetric consistency loss,improving performance of 3D reconstruction on real *** solution harnesses the cost benefits of synthetic data while still maintaining good performance on real world *** focus this work on the task of 3D banana reconstruction from a single image,representing a common task in plant phenotyping,but this approach is general and may be adapted to any 3D reconstruction task including other plant species and organs.

关键词： image render adapted

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