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Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 82-92页

作者： stiven Roytman rebecca Paalanen Giulia Carli Uros Marusic Prabesh kanel Teus van Laar nico I.Bohnen Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of neurology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Morris k.Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Institute for kinesiology Research Science and Research Centre KoperKoperSlovenia Department of Health sciences Alma Mater Europaea–ECMMariborSlovenia Parkinson’s Foundation Research Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of neurology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands neurology service and GRECC VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging *** and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous *** effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory *** mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present *** multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older *** emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and *** the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s *** also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older ***,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： aging balance encephalography functional magnetic resonance imaging gait multisensory integration Parkinson’s disease positron emission tomography somatosensory vestibular visual

short- and long-term effects of developmental corticosterone exposure on avian physiology, behavioral phenotype, cognition, and fitness： A review

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 514-530页

作者： stephan j. sCHOECH Michelle A. REnsEL rebecca s. HEIss Department of Biological sciences The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

A growing body of evidence from across taxa suggests that exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids during early development can have long-term effects upon physiological and behavioral phenotypes. Additionally, there is some, though limited, evidence that similar early exposure can also negatively impact cognitive ability. Following pioneering mammalian studies, several avian studies have revealed that the responsiveness of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis as an adult can be explained by levels of corticosterone, the avian glucocorticoid, the individual experienced as a nestling or even as an embryo via yolk exposure. studies also suggest that perinatal exposure to corticosterone can have effects upon avian ＇personalities＇ or coping styles, and findings from mammalian studies suggest that these long-term effects are mediated epigenetically via altered expression of relevant DnA sequences. Although a consistent pattern across-species has yet to emerge, recent work in Florida scrub-j.ys Aphelocoma coerulescens found that baseline corticosterone levels in ll-day-old nestlings explained 84% of the varia- tion in ＇personality＇（bold vs. timid） when those individuals were tested approximately seven months later. nestlings with elevated corticosterone levels were more timid than those individuals that as nestlings experienced relatively low corticosterone levels. some researchers have suggested that parents might use such mechanisms to ＇program＇ their offsprings＇ phenotype to best fit prevailing environmental conditions. This review will visit what is known about the links between stressful developmental conditions that result in exposure to elevated corticosterone and the short- and long-term effects of this steroid hormone upon central nervous system function and whether alterations thereof are beneficial, deleterious, or neutral. It will concentrate on examples from birds, although critical supporting studies from the mammalian literature will be inclu

关键词： Glucocorticoids Developmental stress Behavioral phenotype

An integrative view of the signaling phenotype： Dynamic links between signals, physiology, behavior and social context

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 739-754页

作者： maren n. vitous.k David M. ZOnAnA rebecca j. sAfran Department of neurobiology and Behavior Comell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

signal traits are often linked with the physiological state and behavior of their bearer. Direct examination of the causal links among these variables has provided substantial insight into the information content of signals, and into the costs and benefits of signal expression. Yet recent empirical work suggests that the social context in which signals are developed and displayed can play a maj.r role not only in how signals are received, but also in coordinating and mediating the signaling phenotype itself. Here we review both well-established and emerging evidence for direct feedbacks among an individual＇s physiological state, be- havior, and signal elaboration. We then describe an integrative view of signaling that takes into account the bidirectional rela- tionships among components of phenotype and the social context in which signals are developed and displayed. Integrating dy- namic feedback between context and phenotype within models of the evolution and maintenance of signals may yield insights into how signals evolve, how signaling phenotypes are coordinated and maintained on ecological and evolutionary time scales, and how static signals continue to convey relevant phenotypic information about their bearer through time.

关键词： Behavior Phenotype Physiology signal trait social feedback sexual selection

Ecological and evolutionary connections between morphology, physiology, and behavior

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 736-738页

作者： rebecca j. s.fran.maren.n. vitous.k Guest Editors Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Department of neurobiology and Behavior Comell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA

1 Introduction Phenotype variation within populations both provides the raw material for and is the product of evolutionary change. An individual＇s phenotype, defined as the amalgamation of morphology, physiology, and behavior, is highly complex. It has been common to try to isolate each of these aspects of phenotype rather than directly examine their integration. For example, despite the demonstrated importance of single aspects of phenotype for acquiring mates it is well known that signal traits are not evaluated in isolation, but rather in conj.nction with associated behaviors, and sometimes with other signal traits （Moiler and Pomiankowski, 1993; Candolin, 2003;

关键词：形态学生理学行为进化表型变异连接生态信号特性

Combinatorial therapies for spinal cord inj.ry repair

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1293-1308页

作者： Carla s.sousa Andreia Monteiro António j.salgado nuno A.silva Life and Health sciences Research Institute(ICVs) School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal ICVs/3B’s Associate Lab PT Government Associated LabCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal

spinal cord inj.ries have profound detrimental effects on individuals, regardless of whether they are caused by trauma or non-traumatic events. The compromised regeneration of the spinal cord is primarily attributed to damaged neurons, inhibitory molecules, dysfunctional immune response, and glial scarring. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective treatments available that can fully repair the spinal cord and improve functional outcomes. nevertheless, numerous pre-clinical approaches have been studied for spinal cord inj.ry recovery, including using biomaterials, cells, drugs, or technological-based strategies. Combinatorial treatments, which target various aspects of spinal cord inj.ry pathophysiology, have been extensively tested in the last decade. These approaches aim to synergistically enhance repair processes by addressing various obstacles faced during spinal cord regeneration. Thus, this review intends to provide scientists and clinicians with an overview of pre-clinical combinatorial approaches that have been developed toward the solution of spinal cord regeneration as well as update the current knowledge about spinal cord inj.ry pathophysiology with an emphasis on the current clinical management.

关键词： electric stimulation neural tissue regeneration neuroprotection polytherapy spinal cord inj.ry

Combustion synthesis of Ce^(3+), Eu^(3+) and Dy^(3+) activated naCaPO_4 phosphors

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j.urnal of Rare Earths 2011年第6期29卷 527-535页

作者： k n shinde s j.Dhoble Animesh kumar Department of Physics RTM Nagpur University national Environmental Engineering Research Institute

The preparation of naCaPO4 doped with rare earth （RE） ions Ce3＋, Eu3＋ and Dy3＋ by combustion method was described. Under UV excitation （251 nm） of naCaPO4：Ce3＋ showsd emission （367 nm） in UV range. When naCaPO4：Dy3＋ phosphor was excited at 349 nm, the emission spectrum showed intense bands at 482 nm （blue） and 576 nm （yellow）. In Eu activated naCaPO4 phosphor, the emission spectrum showed a dominant peak at 594 nm （orange） while others were at 614 and 621 nm （red） when excited at 393 nm. The prepared phosphor was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （sEM） and photoluminescence （PL） measurement. Thus, the photoluminescence behavior of naCaPO4：Ce3＋ was strongly suggested for scintillator. Likewise, Eu3＋ and Dy3＋ activated naCaPO4 phosphors were recommended for near-UV white light-emitting diodes （LEDs）.

关键词： combustion synthesis photoluminescence phosphor scintillator solid state lighting rare earths

Targeting chronic and evolving neuroinflammation following traumatic brain inj.ry to improve long-term outcomes: insights from microglial-depletion models

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neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 976-977页

作者： rebecca j.Henry David j.Loane Department of Anesthesiology and shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research(STAR)CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA school of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity CollegeDublinIreland

Microglia,the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system(Cns),play important roles in brain development,maintenance,and *** brain sentinels,microglia adopt a surveillant state in healthy tissue characterized by a ramified scanning morphology that maintains Cns homeostasis and contributes to learningassociated synaptic plasticity.

关键词： inflammation homeostasis traumatic

Mountain Water Tower and Ecological Risk Estimation of the Mesta-nestos Transboundary River Basin (Bulgaria-Greece)

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j.urnal of Mountain science 2007年第3期4卷 209-220页

作者： k. Grunewald j. scheithauer j.-M. Monget n. nikolova Landscape Research Centre Dresden Ecole des Mines de Paris south-West University Blagoevgrad

The Mesta-nestos river basin in Bulgaria and Greece is a case study for transboundary decision-making support in south-eastern Europe and a show-case for the development of methodologies and information-gathering for the integrated regional planning of water resources. Land-use conflicts in this water-scarce region cover a wide spectrum of activities like agricultural irrigation, drinking water production, diversions for industrial water, and risk of pollution from mining, to name a few examples. Measurements of the water quality were carried out in the upper basin. Results will be illustrated by the example of the environmental situation in the alpine region of the Pirin national Park as well as in the Razlog Basin with a stronger anthropogenic impact and pollution around a former uranium mine near the village of Elesnica. The social and economic development of this transboundary region is a recently established priority for mean an increase in water usage the water resources if regional the future. It will and more stress for impacts of global climate change are verified. Problem-focused management of the catchment area as a whole on the basis of proved geo-data sets is needed for the future.

关键词： Environment interactions nutrients pollutants resource management southeast Europe uranium water quality Pirin high Mountains

A statistical Analysis of Point-like sources in the Chandra Galactic Center survey

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Chinese j.urnal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2007年第1期7卷 81-90页

作者： j. E Wu s. n. Zhang F.j. Lu Y. k. j.n Department of Physics and Center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100049 Department of Engineering Physics and Center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084

The Chandra Galactic Center survey detected -800 X-ray point-like sources in the 2°× 0.8° sky region around the Galactic Center. We study the spatial and luminosity distributions of these sources according to their spectral properties. Fourteen bright sources detected are used to fit j.intly an absorbed power-law model, from which the power-law photon index is determined to be -2.5. Assuming that all other sources have the same power-law form, the relation between hardness ratio and HI column density nH is used to estimate the nH values for all sources. Monte Carlo simulations show that these sources are more likely concentrated in the Galactic center region, rather than distributed throughout the Galactic disk. We also find that the luminosities of the sources are positively correlated with their HI column densities, i.e., a more luminous source has a higher HI column density. From this relation, we suggest that the X-ray luminosity comes from the interaction between an isolated old neutron star and interstellar medium （mainly dense molecular clouds）. Using the standard Bondi accretion theory and the statistical information of molecular clouds in the Galactic center, we confirm this positive correlation and calculate the luminosity range in this scenario, which is consistent with the observation （10^32 - 10^35 erg s^-1）.

关键词： methods data analysis-Galaxy center-X-ray stars