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Screening agars for MRSA:evaluation of a stepwise diagnostic approach with two different selective agars for the screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)

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Military Medical Research 2015年第4期3卷 213-219页

作者： Volker Micheel Benedikt Hogan Thomas Koller Philipp Warnke Sabine Crusius rebecca hinz Ralf Matthias Hagen Norbert Georg Schwarz Hagen Frickmann Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg Institute for Microbiology Virology and Hygiene University Medicine Rostock

Background: Colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) poses a hygiene risk that does not spare field hospitals or military medical field camps during military deployments. Diagnostic options for unambiguously identifying MRSA isolates are usually scarce in military environments. In this study, we assessed the stepwise application of two different selective agars for the specific identification of MRSA in screening ***: Nasal swabs from 1,541 volunteers were subjected to thioglycollate broth enrichment and subsequently screened on CHROMagar MRSA selective agar for the identification of MRSA. The MRSA identity of suspiciouslooking colonies was confirmed afterwards or excluded by another selective agar, chrom ID MRSA. All isolates from the selective agars with MRSA-specific colony morphology were identified by biochemical methods and mass ***: The initial CHROMagar MRSA screening identified suspicious colonies in 36 out of 1541 samples. A total of 25 of these 36 isolates showed MRSA-like growth on chrom ID agar. Out of these 25 isolates, 24 were confirmed as MRSA, while one isolate was identified as Staphylococcus kloosii. From the 11 strains that did not show suspicious growth on chrom ID agar, 3 were methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA, with one instance of cocolonization with Corynebacterium spp.), 2 were confirmed as MRSA(with 1 instance of co-colonization with MSSA), 2 were lost during passaging and could not be re-cultured, one could not be identified by the applied approaches, and the remaining 3 strains were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus hominis(co-colonized with Macrococcus caseolyticus) and Staphylococcus cohnii, ***: The application of the selective agar CHROMagar MRSA alone proved to be too non-specific to allow for a reliable diagnosis of the presence of MRSA. The combined use of two selective agars in a stepwise approach reduced this non-s

关键词： Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Selective agar Chromogenic agar Screening Hygiene Stepwise diagnostics CHROMagar Chrom ID agar

Microbiological screenings for infection control in unaccompanied minor refugees： the German Armed Forces Medical Service＇s experience

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Military Medical Research 2018年第1期5卷 33-40页

作者： Winfried Maaβen Dorothea Wiemer Claudia Frey Christina Kreuzberg Egbert Tannich rebecca hinz Andreas Wille Andreas Fritsch Ralf Matthias Hagen Hagen Frickmann Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg Bernhard Nocht Street 74 D-20359 Hamburg Germany German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ) Bonn Germany Department of Molecular Parasitology Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg Hamburg Germany Institute of Medical Microbiology Virology and Hygiene University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany Institute for Hygiene and Environment Hamburg Germany Department of Laboratory Medicine German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg Hamburg Germany NATO Center of Excellence for Military Medicine (MilMedCOE) Deployment Health Surveillance Capability (DHSC) Munich Germany Institute for Microbiology Virology and Hygiene University Medicine Rostock Rostock Germany

Background:The German Military Medical Service contributed to the medical screening of unaccompanied minor refugees(UMRs)coming to Germany in 2014 and *** this study,a broad range of diagnostic procedures was applied to identify microorganisms with clinical or public health ***,those tests had only been used to screen soldiers returning from tropical *** instance is the first time the approach has been studied in a humanitarian ***:The offered screenings included blood cell counts,hepatitis B serology and microscopy of the stool to look for protozoa and worm eggs as well as PCR from stool samples targeting pathogenic bacteria,protozoa and *** individuals refused certain assessments,their decision to do so was accepted.A total of 219 apparently healthy male UMRs coming from Afghanistan,Egypt,Somalia,Eritrea,Syria,Ghana,Guinea,Iran,Algeria,Iraq,Benin,Gambia,Libya,Morocco,Pakistan,and Palestine were *** UMRs who were examined at the study department were included in the ***:We detected decreasing frequencies of pathogens that included diarrhoea-associated bacteria[Campylobacter(C.)jejuni,enteropathogenic Escherichia(E.)coli(EPEC),enterotoxic ***(ETEC),enteroaggregative ***(EAEC),enteroinvasive ***(EIEC)/Shigella spp.),Giardia(G.)duodenalis,helminths(comprising Schistosoma spp.,Hymenolepis(H.)nana,Strongyloides(S.)stercoralis]as well as hepatitis B *** microorganisms dominated the samples by *** *** was detected in 11.4%of the assessed UMRs,the incidence of newly identified cases in the German population was 4.5 cases per 100,000 ***:We conclude that the applied in-house PCR screening systems,which have proven to be useful for screening military returnees from tropical deployments,can also be used for health assessment of immigrants from the respective *** healthy UMRs may be enterically colonized with a broad variety of

关键词： Refugee Migration Asylum seeker Infection control Screening Gastrointestinal pathogens

Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 82-92页

作者： Stiven Roytman rebecca Paalanen Giulia Carli Uros Marusic Prabesh Kanel Teus van Laar Nico I.Bohnen Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Morris K.Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Institute for Kinesiology Research Science and Research Centre KoperKoperSlovenia Department of Health Sciences Alma Mater Europaea–ECMMariborSlovenia Parkinson’s Foundation Research Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Neurology Service and GRECC VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging *** and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous *** effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory *** mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present *** multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older *** emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and *** the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s *** also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older ***,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： aging balance encephalography functional magnetic resonance imaging gait multisensory integration Parkinson’s disease positron emission tomography somatosensory vestibular visual

Do males choose their mates in the lekking moth Achroia grisella？ Influence of female body mass and male reproductive status on male mate choice

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Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 861-868页

作者： Marlene Goubault rebecca Burlaud Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de I'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS-Universite Francois-Rabelais Tours France

Lekking males aggregate to attract females and contribute solely to egg fer- tilization, without any further parental care. Evolutionary theory therefore predicts them to be nonchoosy toward their mates, because any lost mating opportunities would out- weigh the benefits associated with such preferences. Nevertheless, due to time costs, the production of energetically costly sexual displays, and potential sperm limitation, the mat- ing effort of lekking males is often considerable. These factors, combined with the fact that many females of varying quality are likely to visit leks, could favor the evolution of male mate preferences. Here, we show that males of the lekking lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella, were indeed more likely to mate with heavier females in choice experiments, even at their virgin mating （i.e., when their reproductive resources have not yet been depleted by previous matings）. This differential female mating success could not be attributed to female behavior as heavy and light females showed similar motivation to mate （i.e., la- tency to approach the males） and time to copulate. Males seem to benefit from mating with heavier females, as fecundity positively correlated with female mass. This new em- pirical evidence shows that male mate choice may have been tmderestimated in lekking species

关键词： fecundity lek lesser wax moth mate choice mating status sexual behavior

Last electroweak WIMP standing: pseudo-dirac higgsino status and compact stars as future probes

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Chinese Physics C 2018年第4期42卷 117-134页

作者： rebecca Krall Matthew Reece Department of Physics Harvard University

Electroweak WIMPs are under intense scrutiny from direct detection, indirect detection, and collider experiments. Nonetheless the pure（pseudo-Dirac） higgsino, one of the simplest such WIMPs, remains elusive. We present an up-to-date assessment of current experimental constraints on neutralino dark matter. The strongest bound on pure higgsino dark matter currently may arise from AMS-02 measurements of antiprotons, though the interpretation of these results has sizable uncertainty. We discuss whether future astrophysical observations could offer novel ways to test higgsino dark matter, especially in the challenging regime with order Me V mass splitting between the two neutral higgsinos. We find that heating of white dwarfs by annihilation of higgsinos captured via inelastic scattering could be one useful probe, although it will require challenging observations of distant dwarf galaxies or a convincing case to be made for substantial dark matter content in ω Cen, a globular cluster that may be a remnant of a disrupted dwarf galaxy. White dwarfs and neutron stars give a target for astronomical observations that could eventually help to close the last, most difficult corner of parameter space for dark matter with weak interactions.

关键词： dark matter higgsino supersymmetry

Update on nutritional status,body composition and growth in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第12期20卷 3191-3197页

作者： rebecca J Hill Children’s Nutrition Research Centre Queensland Children’s Medical Research Institute The University of QueenslandHerston School of Medicine The University of QueenslandHerston

Growth and nutritional status are important issues in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).While linear growth is easy to assess,nutritional status is more complicated,with reports often compromised by the use of simple measures,such as weight and the body mass index,to assess nutritional status rather than more appropriate and sophisticated techniques to measure body *** review is an update on what is currently known about nutritional status as determined by body composition in paediatric ***,this review will focus on the impact of biologics on growth in paediatric *** lean mass deficits have been reported in children with IBD compared with controls,and there is evidence these deficits persist over ***,data imply that gender differences exist in body composition,both at diagnosis and in response to *** respect to growth improvements following treatment with biologics,there are conflicting *** some studies report enhancement of growth,others do *** relationship between disease severity,impaired growth and the requirement for biologics needs to be considered when interpreting these ***,key features associated with improvements in growth appear to be successful clinical response to treatment,patients in early stages of puberty,and the presence of growth failure at the onset of treatment.

关键词： Crohn’ s disease, Ulcerative colitis, Lean mass, Pubertal status, Infliximab, Inflammatory bowel disease

Impaired cellulose decomposition in a headwater stream receiving subsurface agricultural drainage

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 845-861页

作者： rebecca Poisson Adam G.Yates Department of Geography Western UniversityLondonONCanada Department of Biology University of WaterlooWaterloo University200 University Avenue WestWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Background:Agricultural development of former wetlands has resulted in many headwater streams being sourced by subsurface agricultural drainage *** drainage inputs can significantly influence stream environmental conditions,such as temperature,hydrology,and water chemistry,that drive ecological ***,ecological assessments of subsurface drainage impacts are *** assessed the impact of an agricultural drainage system on cellulose decomposition and benthic respiration using a paired stream study in a headwater branch of Nissouri Creek,in Ontario,*** first order segments sourced by a spring-fed marsh and a cropped field with subsurface drainage,as well as the adjoining trunk segment,were sampled over a year using the cotton strip assay to measure cellulose decomposition and benthic ***:Assessments of cellulose decomposition revealed a one-third reduction in the drainage-sourced segment compared to marsh-sourced *** segment differences in cellulose decomposition were associated with reduced summer temperatures in the drainage-sourced *** of stream cooling from the drainage-sourced segment were transmitted downstream as cellulose decomposition was slower than expected throughout the drainage-sourced segment and for several hundred meters down the adjoining trunk *** respiration only differed between the drainage-and marsh-sourced segments in spring,when stream temperatures were ***:Our findings suggest there may be a widespread reduction in cellulose decomposition in streams across similar agricultural regions where subsurface drainage is ***,cooling of streams receiving significant amounts of water inputs from subsurface drainage systems may impart increased resiliency to future climate warming.

关键词： Stream Agriculture Cotton strip assay Seasonality Organic matter breakdown Benthic respiration

Ink-structing the future of vascular tissue engineering:a review of the physiological bioink design

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 181-205页

作者： Judith Synofzik Sebastian Heene rebecca Jonczyk Cornelia Blume Institute for Technical Chemistry Leibniz University Hannover30167 HannoverGermany

Three-dimensional(3D)printing and bioprinting have come into view for a plannable and standardizable generation of implantable tissue-engineered constructs that can substitute native tissues and *** tissue-engineered structures are intended to integrate with the patient’s *** tissue engineering(TE)is relevant in TE because it supports the sustained oxygenization and nutrition of all tissue-engineered *** have a specific role,representingthenecessarymedium for printability and vascular cell *** review aims to understand the requirements for the design of vascular ***,an in-depth analysis of vascular cell interaction with their native environment must be gained.A physiological bioink suitable for a tissue-engineered vascular graft(TEVG)must not only ensure good printability but also induce cells to behave like in a native vascular vessel,including self-regenerative and growth *** review describes the general structure of vascular walls with wall-speciﬁc cell and extracellular matrix(ECM)components and biomechanical properties and ***,the physiological role of vascular ECM components for their interaction with vascular cells and the mode of interaction is *** currently available or imaginable bioinks are described from physiological matrix proteins to nonphysiologically occurring but natural chemical compounds useful for vascular *** physiological performance of these bioinks is evaluated with regard to biomechanical properties postprinting,with a view to current animal studies of 3D printed vascular ***,the main challenges for further bioink development,suitable bioink components to create a self-assembly bioink concept,and future bioprinting strategies are *** concepts are discussed in terms of their suitability to be part of a TEVG with a high potential for later clinical use.

关键词： Vascular wall histology Vascular cells Microenvironment Extracellular matrix Cell–matrix interaction Bioink Printability

Nanoparticles for targeted cancer radiotherapy

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Nano Research 2020年第11期13卷 2887-2897页

作者： Roger M.Pallares rebecca J.Abergel Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Nuclear Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

Radiotherapy,where ionizing radiation is locally delivered either through an external beam or by surgically implanting radionuclide-based seeds in the tumor,is one of the gold standard treatments for *** to the non-selective nature of radiation,healthy tissue surrounding the cancerous region is usually affected by the ***,new strategies,including targeted alpha therapy,are being studied to improve the selectivity of the treatment and minimize side *** challenges,however,limit the current development of targeted radiotherapy,such as the functionalization of the therapeutic agent with targeting vectors and controlling the release of recoiling *** offer unique opportunities as drug delivery vehicles,since they are biocompatible,enhance the cellular uptake of drugs,and are easily functionalized with targeting *** this review,we examine how nanoparticles can be used for targeted radiotherapy,either as sensitizers of external beams or as delivery vehicles for therapeutic *** describe the clinical relevance of different types of nanoparticles,followed by an analysis of how these nanoconstructs can solve some of the main limitations of conventional ***,we critically discuss the current situation of nanoparticle-based radiotherapy in clinical settings and challenges that need to be overcome in the future for further development of the field.

关键词： radiotherapy targeted cancer radiotherapy nanoparticles cancer targeted alpha therapy external beam