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The pervasive effects of lighting environments on sensory drive in bluefin killifish： an investigation into male/male competition, female choice, and predation

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current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 499-512页

作者： Lisa D. MITcHEM Shannon STANIS Nicholas M. SUTTON Zachary TURNER rebecca c. FULLER School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA Department of Mathematics University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

Sensory drive predicts that the conditions under which signaling takes place have large effects on signals, sensory systems, and behavior. The coupling of an ecological genetics approach with sensory drive has been fruitful. An ecological genetics approach compares populations that experience different environments and asks whether population differences are adaptive and are the result of genetic and/or environmental variation. The multi-faceted effects of signaling environments are well-exemplified by the bluefin killifish. In this system, males with blue anal fins are abundant in tannin-stained swamps that lack UV/blue light but are absent in clear springs where UV/blue light is abundant. Past work indicates that lighting environments shape genetic and environmental variation in color patterns, visual systems, and behavior. Less is known about the selective forces creating the across population correlations between UV/blue light and the abundance of blue males. Here, we present three new experiments that investigate the roles of lighting environments on male competition, female mate choice, and predation. We found strong effects of lighting environments on male competition where blue males were more likely to emerge as dominant in tea-stained water than in clear water. Our preliminary study on predation indicated that blue males may be less susceptible to predation in tea-stained water than in clear water. However, there was little evidence for female preferences favoring blue males. The resulting pattern is one where the effects of lighting environments on genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity match the direction of selection and favor the expression of blue males in swamps.

关键词：男性环境淡水开车竞争小鱼基因变化感觉系统

Ramanujan-type congruences for broken 2-diamond partitions modulo 3

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Science china Mathematics 2014年第8期57卷 1553-1560页

作者： cHEN William Y.c. FAN Anna R.B. YU rebecca T. center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University center for combinatorics LPMC-TJKLC Nankai University

The notion of broken k-diamond partitions was introduced by Andrews and ***△k(n)denote the number of broken k-diamond partitions of *** and Paule also posed three conjectures on the congruences of△2(n)modulo 2,5 and *** and Sellers proved the conjectures for modulo 2,and chan proved the two cases of modulo *** the case of modulo 3,Radu and Sellers obtained an infinite family of congruences for△2(n).In this paper,we obtain two infinite families of congruences for△2(n)modulo 3 based on a formula of Radu and Sellers,a 3-dissection formula of the generating function of triangular number due to Berndt,and the properties of the U-operator,the V-operator,the Hecke operator and the Hecke *** example,we find that△2(243n+142)≡△2(243n+223)≡0(mod 3).The infinite family of Radu and Sellers and the two infinite families derived in this paper have two congruences in common,namely,△2(27n+16)≡△2(27n+25)≡0(mod 3).

关键词：金刚石同余分区钻模拉马安德鲁斯无限族三角形数

ON cOUNTING THE FREQUENcY DISTRIBUTION OF STRING MOTIFS IN MOLEcULAR SEQUENcES

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2012年第6期5卷 121-139页

作者： MATTIA c. F. PROSPERI LUcIANO PROSPERI rebecca R. GRAY MARcO SALEMI Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medicinecollege of Medicine Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida Department of ZoologyUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK Department of PathologyImmunology and Laboratory Medicine college of Medicine Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaP. O. Box 103633 2055 Mowry Road GainesviUe FL 32610-3633 USA

This work investigates frequency distributions of strings within a text. The mathematical derivation accounts for variable alphabet size, character probabilities, and string/text lengths, under both the Bernoullian and the Markovian model for string generation. The analysis is limited to the set of non-clumpable strings, that cannot overlap with themselves. Two formulae (exact and approximated) are derived, calculating the frequency distribution of a string of length m found inside a text of length n (with m constant complexity (in contrast to an exponential complexity of the exact) and makes it applicable to very long texts. The proposed formulae were applied to analyze string frequencies in a portion of the human genome, and to recalculate frequencies of known repeated motif within genes, associated to genetic diseases. A comparison with state-of-the-art methods was provided. The formulae presented here can be of use in the statistical evaluation of specific motif frequencies within very long texts (e.g. genes or genomes) and help in characterizing motifs in pathologic conditions.

关键词：频率分布分布计算分子序列基因组分析模体近似公式字符串数学推导

High-dose biotin neither fosters remyelination nor stimulates malonyl coenzyme A synthesis in the regenerating nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1623-1624页

作者： Fabian Szepanowski rebecca D.Steubing cansu Güngör Jaqueline Zipfel Anne K.Mausberg christoph Kleinschnitz Mark Stettner Department of Neurology and center for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral Sciences(c-TNBS) University Medicine EssenUniversity Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany

Dear editor,Dysregulated inflammatory responses primarily account for damage to the central nervous system,however,neurodegenerative processes likely contribute to the pathophysiology of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis(MS).These pathophysiological aspects include axonal energy depletion and impaired remyelination capacity(Levin et al.,2014).The clinical efficacy of most disease-modifying therapies in MS to date has been achieved by targeting functions of the adaptive immune system(cree et al.,2019;Szepanowski et al.,2021).

关键词： system synthesis neither

canopy gap size influences niche partitioning of the ground-layer plant community in a northern temperate forest

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 92-100页

作者： christel c.Kern rebecca A.Montgomery Peter B.Reich Terry F.Strong USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station1831 Hwy 169 EastGrand RapidsMN 55744USA Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota-Twin Cities1530 North Cleveland AvenueSaint PaulMN 55108USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western SydneyLocked Bag 1797Penrith NSW 2751Australia USDA Forest Service USARetired

Aims The Gap Partitioning Hypothesis(GPH)posits that gaps create heterogeneity in resources crucial for tree regeneration in closed-canopy forests,allowing trees with contrasting strategies to coexist along resource *** studies have examined gap partitioning of temperate,ground-layer vascular *** used a ground-layer plant community of a temperate deciduous forest in northern Wisconsin,USA,as a model system to test whether the GPH extends to the relatively species-rich ground *** We used a well-replicated experimental approach that included a gap opening gradient(five gap sizes,6,10,20,30 and 46 m diameter,and undisturbed reference areas),a within-gap location gradient(gap edge to center),and a temporal gradient(0,2,6 and 13 years after gap creation).The data were observations of ground-layer plant abundance,published plant traits,and a modeled index of understory light *** ordinated the plant abundance data and evaluated the relationships of composition,traits and light environment by gap size,location along the forest-gap transect and time,with several approaches such as correlations,descriptive statistics,non-parametric tests of group differences and indicator species importance *** Findings Ground-layer plant composition and traits differed across gap sizes,within-gap locations and over *** of all sizes differed in composition from undisturbed areas,and all pair-wise combinations of gap size also differed in composition,except the 6 m from the 10-m *** gaps(46 m)also displayed within-gap compositional gradients from gap edge to center *** differences in gap size were evident 2 years after gap creation and,contrary to our hypotheses,remained different over the 13-year period,even in gaps with crown *** contrast to the neutral theory,species functional traits and microenvironmental conditions were related to variation in ground-layer *** with smaller seeds,low

关键词： herbaceous layer experimental gaps proximity to edge functional diversity plant traits

Seeing red: color vision in the largemouth bass

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current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 43-52页

作者： Lisa D. MiTcHEM Shannon Stanis Muchu Zhou Ellis LoEw John M. Epifanio rebecca c. Fuller Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA Department of Biomedical Sciences and Section of Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign IL 61820 USA

How animals visually perceive the environment is key to understanding important ecological behaviors, such as predation, foraging, and mating. This study focuses on the visual system properties and visual perception of color in the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. This study (1) documents the number and spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors,(2) uses these parameters to model visual perception, and (3) tests the model of color perception using a behavioral assay. Bass possess single cone cells maximally sensitive at 535 nm, twin cone cells maximally sensitive at 614 nm, and rod cells maximally sensitive at 528 nm. A simple model of visual perception predicted that bass should not be able to discern between chartreuse yellow and white nor between green and blue. In contrast, bass should be able to discern red from all achromatic (i.e., gray scale) stimuli. These predictions were partially upheld in behavioral trials. In behavioral trials, bass were first trained to recognize a target color to receive a food reward, and then tested on their ability to differentiate between their target color and a color similar in brightness. Bass trained to red and green could easily discern their training color from all other colors for target colors that were similar in brightness (white and black, respectively). This study shows that bass possess dichromatic vision and do use chromatic (i.e., color) cues in making visual-based decisions.

关键词： bass cones photoreceptors rods vision

Optimization of high throughput spectral flow cytometry for immune cell profiling in mouse liver

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Liver Research 2023年第3期7卷 263-271页

作者： Grayson W.Way Hongkun Lu Xuan Wang Derrick Zhao carmen camarena Devanand Sarkar rebecca K.Martin Huiping Zhou c.Kenneth and Dianne Wright center for clinical and Translational Research Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Department of Microbiology and Immunology Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVAUSA Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Massey Cancer CenterVCU Institute of Molecular Medicine(VIMM)Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Massey cancer center Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA VcU Institute of Molecular Medicine Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System RichmondVAUSA

The liver plays an important role in both metabolism and *** of the hepatic immune microenvironment is closely associated with various liver *** gain a better understanding of how different types of immune cells contribute to the progression of liver diseases,it is crucial to thoroughly characterize hepatic immune *** direct digestion of liver tissue is a relatively simple method for isolating immune cells,it often induces excessive hepatocyte death,which causes a release of intracellular components that leads to the activation of stress responses and injury in the surrounding *** injury can lead to excessive death in the hepatic immune cells,making isolation and accurate characterization of the immune profile challenging,especially in diseased *** method described here addresses these challenges by utilizing Phosphate buffered saline(PBS)and digestion buffer perfusions to eliminate contaminating blood cells,ensure a pure hepatic immune population,and minimize hepatic immune cell *** ex vivo digestion of the liver enables the isolation of the immune cells from the hepatic tissues and the generation of a single-cell suspension that can be stained for spectral flow *** enhance intracellular cytokine detection and maintain signaling under different physiological and pathological conditions,this protocol uses an in vivo administration of Brefeldin A,a less toxic inhibitor of cytokine *** in vivo administration of Brefeldin A allows for a more accurate representation of the immune cell function and cytokine expression compared to the traditionally used ex vivo Brefeldin A administration.A comprehensive spectral flow cytometry panel,comprising extracellular and intracellular staining,is used for deep immunophenotyping and immune cell effector function *** this protocol is specifically designed for liver digestion of Mdr2 knockout mice(a model for primary sclerosing cholangitis)and f

关键词： metabolism flow utilizing

Sequence analysis of peptides with biological activities using electrospray-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第15期46卷 1281-1285页

作者： HE Meiyu XU Jiaxi HE Xiaoran Tak Wah Dominic chan rebecca L.c.Lau Department of chemistry Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Mass Spectrometry center Beijing 100080China Department of chemistry The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinN.T.Hong KongChina

The mass spectra of five peptides with biological activities are reported. All mass spectra were recorded using a 4.7-T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer equipped with an external electrospray source. The accurate molecular weights for the five peptides prepared by solid phase synthesis were measured as 1765.9013, 1063.5420, 1092.5254, 820.3804 and 1078.5193, respectively. All the data were obtained with the external calibration. Differences between observed and theoretical monoisotopic molecular weights were in the (0.2-1.0)×10-6 range. The complete primary sequence for the five polypep-tides were determined using the method of in-source electrospray ionization/collision induced dissociation (ESI/cID). All the intact y series ions and b series ions were obtained from various peptides respectively, thus determining the sequences of the five polypeptides. We found that the meas-ured accurate molecular mass of sample 4 was not in agreement with that expected from the planned

关键词： sequence peptide with biological activity Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry electrospray collision-induced dissociation.

Grand challenge in Biomaterials-wound healing

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2016年第2期3卷 127-128页

作者： Joseph c.Salamone Ann Beal Salamone Katelyn Swindle-Reilly Kelly Xiaoyu-chen Leung rebecca E.McMahon Rochal Industries LLc 12719 Cranes MillSan AntonioTX78230USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH 43210USA

Providing improved health care for wound,burn and surgical patients is a major goal for enhancing patient well-being,in addition to reducing the high cost of current health care *** introduction of new and novel biomaterials and biomedical devices is anticipated to have a profound effect on the future improvement of many deleterious health *** publication will discuss the development of novel non-stinging liquid adhesive bandages in healthcare applications developed by Rochal *** scientists/engineers at Rochal have participated in commercializing products in the field of ophthalmology,including rigid gas permeable contact lenses,soft hydrogel contact lenses,silicone hydrogel contact lenses,contact lens care solutions and cleaners,intraocular lens materials,intraocular controlled drug delivery,topical/intraocular anesthesia,and in the field of wound care,as non-stinging,spray-on liquid bandages to protect skin from moisture and body fluids and medical adhesive-related skin *** areas of entrepreneurial activity at Rochal Industries pertain to the development of new classes of biomaterials for wound healing,primarily in regard to microbial infection,chronic wound care,burn injuries and surgical procedures,with emphasis on innovation in product creation,which include cell-compatible substrates/scaffolds for wound healing,antimicrobial materials for opportunistic pathogens and biofilm reduction,necrotic wound debridement,scar remediation,treatment of diabetic ulcers,amelioration of pressure ulcers,amelioration of neuropathic pain and adjuvants for skin tissue substitutes.

关键词： non-stinging liquid adhesive bandages