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Pollinators exert positive selection on flower size on urban,but not on rural Scotch broom(Cytisus scoparius ***)

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第3期11卷 493-501页

作者： Robert Frederick Bode rebecca Tong Department of Natural Sciences Saint Martin’s University405 Old Main5000 Abbey WayLaceyWA 98503USA

Aims Adaptive evolution of invasive species is both particularly exciting for the evolutionary biologist and worrisome for those interested in controlling or halting *** species often have a dis-tinct timeline and well-recorded population *** invaders encounter new environments,they undergo rapid adaptive *** aim in this study was to measure variation of floral size in the invasive shrub Cytisus scoparius(Scotch broom)and measure natural selection by pollinators on that *** research has found that this invasive plant is pollinator limited in Washington State and that declines in pollinator populations can contribute to local extinction in another invaded range(New Zealand).This plant is pollinated by both native and introduced species of bees,represent-ing a broad range of pollinator *** scoparius has a flower structure that is highly conducive to studies on pollinator choice,even in the absence of direct pollinator *** We surveyed urban and rural sites in and around the city of Olympia in Washington *** banner width,we were able to show that flower size varies substantially between plants but mini-mally within *** measuring the proportion of flowers that were‘tripped’,we could determine pollinator visitation rates and thus determine the level of selection due to pollinator choice *** Findings We found that *** is under natural selection by pollinators for increased flower ***,such positive natural selection was only seen in urban populations although it was consistent across two flowering *** populations of Scotch broom do not appear to be under selection on flower *** natural selection by pollinators on broom flowers could result in adaptive evolution into a new pollination niche by an invading species.A higher level of variation in broom flowers seen here than seen in previous works in native regions suggests that *** may be high

关键词： invasive evolution pollinator selection flower

Edible Bird's Nest:Food or Medicine?

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第9期19卷 643-649页

作者： rebecca S.Y.Wong Faculty of Medicine SEGi University

Edible bird＇s nest （EBN） is derived from the saliva of certain types of swiflets. It is consumed in many parts of the world for its nutritional and medicinal values. Although many claims have been made on the therapeutic and health- promoting effects of EBN, scientific documentations regarding these effects are very limited in published literature. It is not until recently that the biological effects of EBN are being investigated and evidence-based studies are being conducted. Several studies have found that EBN may enhance cell proliferation and differentiation and various beneficial effects have been reported in vitro as well as in vivo. While these studies point towards the potential use of EBN in the treatment or even prevention of several diseases, the mechanisms of action of EBN remain largely unknown and more explorations are needed. This review is one of the very few scientific reviews onEBN which focuses on recent evidence-based discoveries.

关键词： edible bird's nest nutritional values composition potential health-promoting effects

How the Yue Yi lun Was Lost： Calligraphy, the Cultural Legacy, and Tang Women Rulers

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2017年第3期11卷 427-461页

作者： rebecca Doran Department of Modern Languages and Literatures College of Arts & Sciences University of Miami Coral Gables FL 33146 USA

Abstract Dating back to at least the Han dynasty, calligraphy has been a powerful object of culture and a medium of elite education, document preparation, and character evaluation. Discourses surrounding rulers and calligraphy form an important sub-strand in materials on calligraphy, and these accounts often depict calligraphy as a vehicle capable of reflecting a ruler＇s moral character. This paper explores narratives that blame early Tang women power-holders, in particular, the Taiping and Anle Princesses, for borrowing and subsequently losing precious calligraphic items that were considered the authentic work of Wang Xizhi. The analysis focuses on the ways in which the different narratives describe the physical movement or location of the Wang Xizhi pieces in relation to contemporary rule and factional politics. The narratives interpret the calligraphic manuscripts as an example of the cultural inheritance, to which the ruler should properly relate in particular ways. In this way, the fate of the Wang Xizhi artifacts is understood in terms of the complex relationship between imperial power and the court＇s cultural legacy.

关键词： calligraphy Taiping Princess Anle Princess Wu Zhao Wang Xizhi Yue Yi lun cultural legacy

Building Power： Conspicuous Consumption, Projection of Identity, and Female Power in the Late Seventh and Early Eighth Centuries

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2012年第4期6卷 472-489页

作者： rebecca Doran Department of East Asian Studies McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0E2 Canada

This article explores propaganda and self-portrayals among women rulers in seventh and eighth century Tang China, a unique era in which court politics were dominated by female leaders. I analyze the way in which these leaders themselves wished to be rhetorically constructed, the images and allusions with which they desired to be figured, and the way in which they were rhetorically reconstructed by later writers after their deaths. I focus on the theme of auspiciousness--in particular, the definition of the ＂natural＂ in relation to gender identity and power. Female imagery is deployed in late seventh- and early eighth-century works to create the image of a particular brand of far-reaching, generative power possessed and/or desired by the leaders of the time. Beyond revealing the images and allusions with which the female power-holders wished to hear themselves be described and exalted, and what occasions were deemed worthy of exalting, these works offer a fascinating counterpoint to materials which retroactively defame this image. The rhetorical strategies and images later used to delegitimize and denigrate the power of these women often represent opposite treatments of themes present in the court literature from the Zhou-Jinglong era. This paper argues that reconstructions of these women＇s identities as female power-holders indicate the prerogative of later writers to reshape their images in accordance with their own judgments, conceptualizations, and fears of female power.

关键词： Tang women Tang culture Empress Wu court literature genderroles

Optical molecular imaging for detection of Barrett's-associated neoplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第1期17卷 53-62页

作者： Nadhi Thekkek Sharmila Anandasabapathy rebecca Richards-Kortum Department of Bioengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005United States Division of Gastroenterology Mount Sinai Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10029United States

Recent advancements in the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus can be used to probe a wide range of optical properties that are altered with neoplastic *** review summarizes relevant changes in optical properties as well as imaging approaches that measures those ***-field imaging approaches include narrow-band imaging that measures changes in light scattering and absorption,and autofluorescence imaging that measure changes in endogenous ***-resolution imaging approaches include optical coherence tomography,endocytoscopy,confocal microendoscopy,and high-resolution *** technologies,some coupled with an appropriate contrast agent,can measure differences in glandular morphology,nuclear morphology,or vascular alterations associated with *** in targeted contrast agents are further *** that have explored these technologies are highlighted;as are the advantages and limitations of each.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Barrett's metaplasia Dysplasia Esophageal adenocarcinoma Endoscopy Imaging

Beneficial effects of hirudotherapy in a chronic case of complex regional pain syndrome

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第5期17卷 383-386页

作者： rebecca Kulbida Alexander mathes Johannes Loeser Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University Clinic of Cologne

We report about hirudotherapy in a patient with chronic complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) in the right hand. CRPS is a multifactorial disease associated with disabling pain as well as sensory and motor deficits. The optimal therapeutic management is based on personalized multimodal treatment approaches;however, hirudotherapy has not been described in the available literature. To date, we have completed five medicinal leech treatments. Altogether, hirudotherapy led to rapid and substantial relief of symptoms, especially with respect to pain intensity ratings and skin temperature asymmetries. In addition, the patient’s active and passive agility of the affected limb improved obviously.

关键词： Hirudotherapy Complex regional pain syndrome Chronic pain Medicinal leeches

Significance of long non-coding RNA AGPG for the metabolism of esophageal cancer

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Cancer Communications 2020年第7期40卷 313-315页

作者： rebecca Elizabeth Vargas Wenqi Wang Department of Developmental and Cell Biology University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia92697USA

Over the years,thousands of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been identified to be exclusively expressed in specific cancer types and for their unique functions in *** has led to an increasing interest in elucidating the vital roles[1]and underlying mechanism[2,3]of such non-coding genome in driving cancerous phenotypes.A number of studies have pinpointed the key functions of lncRNAs in diverse biological events including chromatin interactions,transcriptional regulation,RNA processing,mRNA stabilization,signal transduction,and metabolic regulation;highlighting their essential roles in both physiology and diseases such as cancer[4].

关键词： metabolism esophageal cancer

Urban health and ecology： the promise of an avian biomonitoring tool

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 205-212页

作者： Lea POLLACK Naomi R. ONDRASEK rebecca CALISI Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Urban-dwelling birds have the potential to serve as powerful biomonitors that reveal the impact of environmental change due to urbanization. Specifically, urban bird populations can be used to sur- vey cities for factors that may pose both public and wildlife health concerns. Here, we review evi- dence supporting the use of avian biomonitors to identify threats associated with urbanization, including bioaccumulation of toxicants and the dysregulation of behavior and physiology by related stressors. In addition, we consider the use of birds to examine how factors in the urban en- vironment can impact immunity against communicable pathogens. By studying the behavior, physiology, and ecology of urban bird populations, we can elucidate not only how avian popula- tions are responding to environmental change, but also how unintended consequences of urban- ization affect the well-being of human and non-human inhabitants.

关键词： avian biomonitor pollutant bioaccumulation urban ecology zoonotic disease.

Male-driven reproductive and agonistic character displacement in darters and its implications for speciation in allopatry

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 101-113页

作者： Rachel L. MORAN rebecca C. FULLer School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA

Selection against hybridization can cause mating traits to diverge between species in sympatry via reproductive character displacement （RCD）. Additionally, selection against interspecific fighting can cause aggressive traits to diverge between sympatric species via agonistic character displacement （ACD）. By directly affecting conspecific recognition traits, RCD and ACD between species can also incidentally cause divergence in mating and fighting traits among populations within a species [termed cascade RCD （CRCD） and cascade ACD]. Here, we demonstrate patterns consistent with male-driven RCD and ACD in 2 groups of darters （orangethroat darter clade Ceasia and rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum）. In both groups, males that occur in sympatry （between Ceasia and E. caeruleum） have higher levels of preference for mating and fighting with conspecifics over heterospecifics than do males from allopatry. This is consistent with RCD and ACD. We also found patterns consistent with CRCD and cascade ACD among species of Ceasia. Ceasia males that are sympatric to E. caeruleum （but allopatric to one another） also have heightened preferences for mat- ing and fighting with conspecific versus heterospecific Ceasia. In contrast, Ceasia males that are allopatric to E. caeruleum readily mate and fight with heterospecific Ceasia. We suggest that RCD and ACD between Ceasia and E. caeruleum has incidentally led to divergence in mating and fighting traits among Ceasia species. This study is unique in that male preferences evolve via both RCD （male preference for conspecific females） and ACD （male preference to fight conspecific males） which leads to subsequent divergence among allopatric lineages.

关键词： agonistic character displacement behavioral isolation cascade reinforcement reinforcement reproductive charac-ter displacement speciation.