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Evaluation of the effectiveness of surveillance policies to control the COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo,Brazil

Global Health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 242-257页

作者： Lorena G.Barberia Natália de P.Moreira Brigina Kemp Maria Amelia de Sousa Mascena Veras Marcela Zamudio Isabel Seelaender Costa Rosa rebeca de j.carvalho Tatiane C.M.Sousa department of Political Science University of São PauloAvenida Professor Luciano Gualberto315-Sala 2067-Cidade UniversitáriaSão PauloSP 05508-900Brazil Conselho de Secretários Municipais de Saúde-SP Avenida Angélica2466-17°floor-ConsolaçãoSão PauloSP 01228200Brazil departamento de Saúde Coletiva Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São PauloDr Cesario Mota Jr St.61São PauloSP 01221-020Brazil department of Public Administration and Government FGV EAESP Business Administration School of São PauloAvenida 9 de julho2029Bela VistaSão PauloSP 01313-902Brazil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz ENSPRio de JaneiroRJBrazil

Background:Surveillance efforts are essential to pandemic control,especially where the state is the primary health provider,such as *** public health testing guidelines limit molecular tests,there are reductions in detection efforts aimed at early recognition,isolation,and treatment of those infected with the *** study evaluates the effectiveness of surveillance policies to control the COVID-19 pandemic in São ***:We conducted an interrupted time series analysis with a segmented regression model to analyze if changes in the state’s guidelines improved RT-PCR testing outcomes in Brazil’s most affluent and largest state,São *** daily data on the RT-PCR tests conducted in public laboratories belonging to the state-wide network from March 1,2020 to june 5,2021 were extracted from the Sao Paulo State open-source database,while the data on the genomic sequences were obtained from *** then aggregated these data for the 17 regional health departments in the state to evaluate regional-level ***:The public health system restricted RT-PCR testing to hospitalized cases in the first *** was expanded to permit symptomatic testing of non-hospitalized persons only in july 2020,but a statistically significant increase in surveillance efforts was not *** definition was expanded to allow case confirmation based on clinical,laboratory and image data criteria other than an RT-PCR test without increasing the testing effort for asymptomatic suspicious cases in September *** was an increase in the mean volume of testing in each RHD,but the test positivity rate increased due to insufficient testing *** also show an uneven improvement in testing outcomes following these changes across the state’s regional health ***:Evidence suggests that lower RT-PCR testing and genomic surveillance efforts are associated with areas characterized by a higher population concentration and a g

关键词： COVID-19 Surveillance RT-PCR public health testing policies

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Benfotiamine supplementation prevents oxidative stress in anterior tibialis muscle and heart

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journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第6期17卷 423-429页

作者： Alisson de carvalho Goncalves Einy jéssika Siqueira Moreira Guilherme Vannucchi Portari Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition Health Sciences InstituteFederal University of Triangulo MineiroUberabaMG 38025-440Brazil department of Nutrition Health Sciences InstituteFederal University of Triangulo MineiroUberabaMG 38025-440Brazil

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of oral supplementation with benfotiamine on oxidative stress in the liver, heart and muscles of endurance-trained ***: Twenty-five male BALB/c mice were allocated to the following treatment groups: standard diet and sedentary activity(Sta–Sed), benfotiamine–supplemented diet and sedentary activity(Ben–Sed),standard diet and training activity(Sta–Tr) and benfotiamine–supplemented diet and training activity(Ben–Tr). The training comprised 6 weeks of endurance swimming training. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), carbonylated proteins, total thiols and non-protein thiols was analyzed in the liver, heart and tibialis anterior ***: In the muscle, TBARS concentration in the Sta–Sed group was higher than that in other groups;in the heart, TBARS concentration in the Sta–Sed and Ben–Tr groups was higher than that in the Ben–Sed group. The carbonyl content of the muscle tissues was higher in the Sta–Sed group than in both supplemented groups. In liver, the carbonyl content was lower in the Ben–Sed group than in the Sta–Sed *** level of total thiols was lower in the Ben–Sed group than in the Sta–Tr group. In the heart, the level of total thiols was higher in the Ben–Sed group than in the Ben–Tr group. The concentration of non-protein thiols in the muscle was higher in the Ben–Sed group than in the Ben–Tr group, whereas in the heart, concentration of non-protein thiols of Sta–Tr group was lower than that of Sta–Sed ***: The results show that benfotiamine is an efficient antioxidant for the anterior tibialis muscle and heart;however, swimming training did not alter redox status.

关键词： Benfotiamine Thiamine Endurance exercise Oxidative stress Vitamins

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Urethane Modified Hydrophobic Compact Wood Pulp Paper for Oil Spill Cleanup: A Preliminary Study

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journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第10期8卷 1257-1268页

作者： Gustavo de Souza Ricardo K.Kramer Antonio j.F.carvalho department of Materials Engineering Sao Carlos School of Engineering(EESC)University of São Paulo(USP)São PauloBrazil

Oil spills and oil/water wastewater are among the great concerns regarding oil *** technologies face many limitations and in some cases are responsible for causing secondary pollution,therefore there is as seek for environmental friendly ***,from which celluloses are highlighted,are being employed for oil/water separation or oil absorbents ***,these membranes are obtained by freeze drying of CNF(cellulose nano-fibrils)suspensions followed by chemical modification for hydrophobization,which involves expensive process as chemical vapor deposition and expensive reactants as sylanes,turning these processes hardly ***,we produced a natural porous structure paper from eucalyptus pulp fibers modified by a dipping and heating process in a blocked diisocyanate *** the surface treatment,contact angle with water reached 144°and water absorption reduced seven times,keeping the good oil *** chemical modification process is simple to be performed and use a very low quantity of reactant estimated to be less than 0.1 wt%based on *** good mechanical properties of the material allows its use in non usual conditions which can be of great importance depending on the environmental conditions.

关键词： Cellulose oil removal hydrophobization water repellency blocked isocyanates

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Review on the state-of-the-art and challenges in the MgB_(2)component manufacturing for superconducting applications

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Superconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 50-64页

作者： Fabiano carvalho de Castro Sene department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of TennesseeKnoxvilleUnited States

Since the discovery of MgB_(2)as a superconductor,several research groups worldwide have studied the superconducting mechanisms due to the dual gap nature of MgB_(2),as well as attempted to produce such a compound in wires,tapes,bulks,and thin films for a plethora of *** MgB_(2)carries the promise of replacing Niobium‐based superconductors in low‐field applications,less‐than‐desirable performance and in‐operation stability has slowed down such a *** the properties and nature of the superconductivity of MgB_(2)are fairly known,the reproduction of its properties at manufacturing scales remains an unsolved ***,this manuscript presents a systematic review on fundamental properties,phase formation,growth kinetics,and superconducting properties of MgB_(2)‐based components such as multi‐and mono‐core wires,bulks,and thin ***,challenges,and shortcomings are utilized in consolidating research questions and directions pertaining to the manufacturing of MgB_(2)superconducting ***,we evaluate the technological readiness of MgB_(2)‐based devices for applications in fusion energy systems.

关键词： MgB_(2) Superconductor manufacturing Technology readiness Review Low‐Field applications

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A comprehensive study on the processing of Co:ZnO nanostructured ceramics:defect chemistry engineering and grain growth kinetics

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第7期138卷 221-232页

作者： R.T.da Silva j.M.Morbec G.Rahman H.B.de carvalho Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto-UFOP Ouro PretoMG 35400-000Brazil School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Keele UniversityKeele ST55BGUnited Kingdom department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Universidade Federal de Alfenas-UNIFAL Alfenas 37130-000Brazi

In this report,we present a systematic study on the preparation of Co:ZnO ceramics via a standard solid-state route from different Co precursors(Co_(3)O_(4),CoO,and metallic Co)and atmospheres(O_(2)and Ar).Particular emphasis is given to defect chemistry engineering and the sintering growth ***-principles calculations based on density functional theory are employed to determine the formation en-ergy of the main point defects in ZnO and Co:ZnO *** on the theoretical results,a set of chemical reactions is *** microstructural characterization is also performed to determine the degree of Co incorporation into the ZnO *** samples prepared in Ar atmosphere and metal-lic Co present the highest Co solubility limit(lower apparent Co incorporation activation energy)due to the incongruent ZnO *** of the parameters of the sintering growth kinetics reveals that Co_(3)O_(4)is the best sintering additive to achieve larger grain sizes,and possible higher densi-ties,in both sintering atmospheres,while metallic Co is the best to achieve the smallest grain size with higher Co concentration and homogeneous spatial distribution for a subsequent reduction of *** results show that the sintering in O_(2)effectively promotes zinc vacancies in the ZnO structure,while the sintering in Ar promotes zinc interstitial *** findings contribute to understanding the preparation of Co-doped ZnO ceramics and the sintering growth kinetics,which may improve the state of the art in processing the material at both bulk and nanometric scales.

关键词： Multifunctionality Zinc oxide defect engineering Growth kinetics

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Duration and intensity of rainfall events with the same erosivity change sediment yield and runoff rates

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第1期9卷 69-75页

作者： Wilk Sampaio de Almeida Steffen Seitz Luiz Fernando Coutinho de Oliveira Daniel Fonseca de carvalho Agronomy department Federal Institute of EducationScience and Technology of RondôniaCampus AriquemesRO 257km 13AriquemesRO76870-000Brazil department of Geosciences University of TübingenTübingenGermany Federal University of Lavras Department of Water Resources and Sanitation37200-000LavrasMGBrazil Federal Rural University of Rio de janeiro Engineering DepartmentBR 465km 723897-000SeropédicaRJBrazil

The effect of different rainfall patterns on surface runoff,infiltration and thus soil losses and sediment concentrations are still in the focus of current *** most simulated rainfall experiments,pre-cipitation is applied at a fixed intensity for a fixed ***,the impact of rainfall patterns on soil erosion processes may be different varying the rainfall duration and intensity that produces an event with similar rainfall erosivity ***-five rainfall events were applied on micro-scale runoff plots in a soil covered with corn straw to evaluate the sediment yield and runoff *** different rainfall types were composed by association of duration(Dur)and intensity(IP)with the same erosivity *** Dur varied from 38 to 106 min and the IP varied from 75.0 to 44.6 mm h^(-1).The sediment yield varied from 1.89±1.26 g m^(-2) to 4.02±2.66 g m^(-2) and runoff ranged from 16.9±8.74 mm to 32.63±10.67 mm with highest rates occurring with high intensity and low *** highest rainfall intensity provides the maximum sediment yield(0.138 g m^(-2) min^(-1))and runoff rates(0.87 mm min^(-1)).The time to start surface runoff varied from 14 to 19.2 min and it was longer in treatments with longer durations and low precipitation *** difference was found in the amount of sediments applying rain with the same erosivity and different associations of duration and ***,the intensity and duration of the rain,with the same erosivity,altered the amount and time of *** rainfall experiments with con-stant intensity and fixed time,the erosion rates depend on the duration of the applied ***,the results of this study can contribute to the development of new perspectives in the design of water erosion experiments with simulated rain considering the duration,intensity and also the association of these variables to produce rainfall that delivery the same soil erosion capacity.

关键词： Simulated rainfall Rainfall pattern Water erosion Soil loss

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Investigating the physics of disruptions with real-time tomography at jET

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第3期24卷 80-88页

作者： Diogo R FERREIRA Pedro j.carvalho Ivo S carvalho Chris I STUART Peter j LOMAS jET Contributors 无 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear(IPFN) Instituto Superior Técnico(IST)Universidade de LisboaAv.Rovisco Pais 11049-001 LisboaPortugal Culham Centre for Fusion Energy(CCFE) UK Atomic Energy Authority(UKAEA)Culham Science CentreAbingdonOX143DB OxfordshireUnited Kingdom See the author list of E.joffrin et al 2019 Nucl Fusion 59112021 EUROfusion Consortium JETCulham Science CentreAbingdonOX143DBUK

As jET is developing and testing operational scenarios for higher fusion performance,an increase in pulse disruptivity is being *** a deeper analysis,we find that several radiative phenomena play an active role in determining the outcome of the *** analysis is enabled by the use of real-time tomography based on the bolometer *** though plasma tomography is an inverse problem,we use machine learning to train a forward model that provides the radiation profile directly,based on a single matrix multiplication *** model is used to investigate radiative phenomena including sawtooth crashes,ELMs and MARFE,and their relationship to the radiated power in different regions of *** particular,we use realtime tomography to monitor the core region,and to throw an alarm whenever core radiation exceeds a certain *** results suggest that this measure alone can anticipate a significant fraction of disruptions in the jET baseline scenario.

关键词： plasma tomography machine learning plasma disruptions

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Co-inoculation of selected nodule endophytic rhizobacterial strains with Rhizobium tropici promotes plant growth and controls damping off in common bean

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 98-108页

作者： Linnajara de VASCONCELOS MARTINS FERREIRA Fernanda de carvalho júlia FONSECA COLOMBO ANDRAde Damiany PáDUA OLIVEIRA Flávio Henrique VASCONCELOS de MEdeIROS Fatima Maria de SOUZA MOREIRA Sector of Biology Microbiology and Biological ProcessesDepartment of Soil ScienceUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavras C.P.3037-37200-000(Brazil) Instituto Federal do Pará/IFPA Campus MarabáRuralMarabáC.P.041-68508-979(Brazil) Universidade Federal de Lavras Department of PhytopathologyLavras C.P.3037-37200-000(Brazil)

Production of common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)is limited by the occurrence of damping off(rhizoctoniosis),which is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia ***,the co-inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)involved in biological control along with diatomic nitrogen(N2)-fixing rhizobia can enhance N nutrition and increase *** this context,finding microorganisms with synergistic effects that perform these two roles is of fundamental importance to ensure adequate yield *** aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of co-inoculation of nodule endophytic strains of the genera Bacillus,Paenibacillus,Burkholderia,and Pseudomonas with Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899,an N2-fixing rhizobial strain,on the biocontrol of damping off and growth promotion in common bean *** experiments were conducted under axenic conditions using the common bean cultivar Pé*** first experiment evaluated the potential of the 14 rhizobacterial strains,which were inoculated alone or in combination with CIAT 899,for the control of *** second experiment evaluated the ability of these 14 rhizobacterial strains to promote plant growth with three manners of N supply:co-inoculation with CIAT 899 at low mineral N supply(5.25 mg N mL^-1),low mineral N supply(5.25 mg N mL^-1),and high mineral N supply(52.5 mg N mL^-1).The use of rhizobacteria combined with rhizobia contributed in a synergistic manner to the promotion of growth and the control of damping off in the common ***-inoculation of the strains UFLA 02-281/03-18(Pseudomonas sp.),UFLA 02-286(Bacillus sp.),and UFLA 04-227(Burkholderia fungorum)together with CIAT 899 effectively controlled damping *** the common bean,mineral N supply can be replaced by the co-inoculation of CIAT 899 with plant growth-promoting strains UFLA 02-281/02-286/02-290/*** endophytes UFLA02-281/02-286 are promising for co-inoculation with CIAT 899 in the common bean,promoting synergy with rhizobial i

关键词： Bacillus sp. biological control Burkholderia fungorum CIAT 899 Phaseolus vulgaris plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas sp. Rhizoctonia solani

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Soil loss and runoff obtained with customized precipitation patterns simulated by InfiAsper

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第3期10卷 407-413页

作者： Daniel Fonseca de carvalho Pietro Menezes Sanchez Macedo Marinaldo Ferreira Pinto Wilk Sampaio de Almeida Nivaldo Schultz department of Engineering Institute of TechnologyFederal Rural University of Rio de JaneiroSeropedicaRio de JaneiroBrazil Postgraduate Program in Agronomy-Soil Sciences Federal Rural University of Rio de JaneiroSeropedicaRio de JaneiroBrazil Agronomy department Federal Institute of EducationScience and Technology of RondoniaCampus AriquemesRO 257Km 13AriquemesRO76870-000Brazil department of Soil Science Institute of AgronomyFederal Rural University of Rio de JaneiroSeropedicaRJBrazil

Applying constant precipitation intensity,which does not occur in natural events,is one of the main limitations concerning rainfall simulators in soil erosion *** present work evaluated the InfiAsper rainfall simulator operating with a new control panel to program rainfalls with different precipitation intensities(PI).Infiltration rates and soil and water losses were evaluated in a Distrophic Acrisol(clay loam texture)with simulated rainfalls of 30 mm and duration of 40 min,considering advanced(AD),intermediate(IN),delayed(de),and inverted intermediate(II)patterns,all with PI peaks of 110 mm h^(-1),and a constant(CT)*** experimental design was in randomized blocks with five treatments(rainfall patterns)and experimental units measuring 2.5×2.5 *** simulator worked satisfactorily,applying the rainfall according to the preconfigured *** simulated rainfall with the CT and II patterns did not promote runoff nor soil *** and runoff rates varied according to the applied rainfall pattern,reaching 97.8 and 27.3 mm h^(-1)(AD),82.1 and 39.5 mm h^(-1)(IN),and 76.2 and 49.7 mm h^(-1)(de),*** loss and surface runoff totaled each 4.77 g m^(-2)and 3.9 mm(AD),6.70 g m^(-2)and 6.8 mm(IN),and 6.03 g m^(-2)and 7.0 mm(de).The InfiAsper simulator modified enables varying precipitation intensity besides obtaining satisfactory results in the field and information consistent with the expected characteristics of natural rainfall *** the intermediate and delayed rainfall patterns,soil and water losses are higher than in the advanced.

关键词： Water erosion Rainfall simulator Precipitation intensity

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Relationship between Physical and Chemical Soil Attributes and Plant Species Diversity in Tropical Mountain Ecosystems from Brazil

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journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 875-883页

作者： Ferna de carvalho Edward Luis GODOY Francy j. G. LISBOA Fatima Maria de Souza MOREIRA Francisco Adriano de SOUZA Ricardo Luis Louro BERBARA G Wilson FERNES Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology and Biodiversity Department of Geral Biology Institute of Biology Sciences Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG 30161-901 P.O. Box 486 Brazil department of Biology Microbiology and Biological Processes Department of Soil Science Federal University of LavrasLavras Minas Gerais 37200-000 P.O.Box 3037 Brazil department of Biological Sciences Ferderal University of S?o Jo?o Del Rei S?o Jo?o del-Rei Minas Gerais 36307-352Brazil Laboratory of Soil Biology Department of Soil Science Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Rio de Janeiro 23890-000 Brazil Embrapa Maize and Sorghum Center for Applied Biology Rod. MG 424 KM 45 Caixa Postal Sete Lagoas Minas Gerais 35701-970 P.O. Box 285 Brazil

Although the high diversity of plant species in the rupestrian fields has been primarily attributed to the existence of a set of distinct habitats, few studies support this assertion. The present study aimed to further investigate the relationship between physical and chemical attributes of soils with the diversity of plant species in this unique ecosystem. The rupestrian field is a unique vegetation formation that covers some of the southeastern Brazilian mountains in the transition of the Atlantic rain forest and the Cerrado(savanna). Different habitats occur according to soil characteristics(e.g., presence of rocks, sand, fertility, hydrology, etc.). These attributes ultimately influence the vegetation that is highly adapted to the harsh edaphic and climatic mountain conditions. Five distinct habitats were studied by us: rocky outcrops, peat bogs, sandy bogs, quartz gravel fields, and "cerrado"(savanna). A floristic survey indicated that four families are found at greater frequency: Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, and Leguminosae. The greatest diversity of plant species was found in the rocky outcrops habitat, followed by cerrado, peat bog, quartz gravel grassland, and sandy bogs, respectively. The main difference in the floristic composition among these habitats was related to the dominant species. Trachypogon spicatus(Poaceae) was the most dominant species in the rocky outcrops, Axonopus siccus(Poaceae) in the peat bogs, Lagenocarpus rigidus(Cyperaceae) in the sandy bogs, Schizachyrium tenerum(Poaceae) in the cerrado, while Vellozia sp. 8(Velloziaceae) dominated the vegetation in the quartz gravel grassland. This study demonstrated that physical and chemical soil properties strongly related the diversity of plant species occurring in the different habitats of rupestrian fields.

关键词： Floristic diversity Plant-soilrelationships Espinhaqo Range Biodiversity Mountain ecology Plant habitat

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