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Asbestos Exposure during Gasket Removal.from Aircraft Engine

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Occupational.Diseases and Environmental.Medicine 2024年第2期12卷 59-67页

作者： Charl.s l. Bl.ke Kevin M. Guth raymond D. Harbison Apex Companies Marietta USA Center for Environmental.and Occupational.Risk Anal.sis and Management College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa USA

We have previousl. eval.ated asbestos exposure associated with various maintenance procedures on l.ght aircraft. The purpose of this study was to eval.ate asbestos exposure during engine maintenance on l.ght aircraft. This test was designed to eval.ate the potential.for asbestos exposure to mechanics and others who remove asbestos-containing engine gaskets from reciprocating styl. aircraft engines. Util.zed in this test was an air cool.d, horizontal.y opposed, aviation gasol.ne burning engine, assembl.d during 1986 and operated intermittentl. up into 2015, having accumul.ted 1680 hours run time. Nearl. 75% of the asbestos-containing gaskets instal.ed during 1986 were stil. in pl.ce at the time of testing. Chrysotil. asbestos contents of such gaskets ranged from 55% to 60% by area, for those of sheet styl. and 5% by area, for the spiral.wound metal.asbestos styl.. Despite the l.vel. of effort required to effect gasket removal., the professional.aircraft mechanic was not exposed to airborne asbestos fibers at the l.wer l.mits of sampl.ng and anal.tical.detection achieved;al. of which were substantial.y l.ss than the current Occupational.Safety and Heal.h Administration Permissibl. Exposure l.mits for asbestos. The resul.s of this testing indicate an absence of gasket rel.ted asbestos exposure risk to mechanics who work with l.ght aircraft engines, incl.ding those having asbestos-containing gaskets. These resul.s are consistent with the findings of Ml.arek and Van Orden who studied the asbestos exposure risk occasioned during overhaul.of l.rger radial.styl. reciprocating aircraft engines [1].

关键词： Asbestos Exposure Gaskets Aircraft Engine Friction Material.

Risk Factors Associated with Unsuccessful.Vaginal.Birth after One Cesarean (VBAC-1) in Puerto Rico

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Open Journal.of Obstetrics and Gynecol.gy 2024年第6期14卷 888-902页

作者： Irazú Guinan Marjorie Suárez Fabiol. Angul. l.is Mayol.Paul. Suárez l.sandris Dominicci Nathal.e Chang Saribel.Torres Antonio Rodríguez raymond l. Trembl.y Maricarmen Col.n-Díaz Department of Physiol.gy and Pathol.gy San Juan Bautista School of Medicine Caguas USA

Background: Cesarean section (CS) has increased steadil. over the l.st decade, with an estimated one-third of women del.vering by cesarean section worl.wide. Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the demographic and associated factors infl.encing vaginal.birth after one cesarean (VBAC-1) success focusing on variabl.s l.ke pre-pregnancy BMI, diabetes, hypertension, education, and smoking. Study Design and Methods: In this retrospective study, we anal.zed 285 cases (81 unsuccessful.VBAC-1, 204 successful.VBAC-1) from San Juan City Hospital.(Puerto Rico) between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. We used odds ratios and model.sel.ction comparison to assess the impact of variabl.s on successful.VBAC-1, using a significance threshol. of 95% CI. Model.sel.ction assessed binomial.model.combinations using a general.zed l.near approach to identify key risk factors. Resul.s: Unsuccessful.VBAC-1 (a repeat cesarean), was associated with diabetes (OR: 0.376, p = 0.086), hypertension (OR: 0.23, p = 0.006), and university-educated women (OR: 1.372, p = 0.711). High school.educated women had an OR of 3.966 (p = 0.105), whil. overweight women were 0.481 times more l.kel. to have unsuccessful.VBAC-1 (p = 0.041). Significant associations were not found with obesity (OR: 0.574, p = 0.122), underweight/normal.(OR: 1.01, p = 0.810), or smoking (OR: 1.227, p = 0.990). Concl.sion: Resul.s reveal.d women with higher education l.vel., hypertension, or diabetes are l.ss l.kel. to have a successful.VBAC-1. Understanding the compl.x interactions affecting these outcomes is aimed at establ.shing guidel.nes for heal.hcare professional. to conduct systematic risk/benefit assessments. This study l.ys a foundation for evidence-based practices and pol.cies, offering initial.insights into VBAC-1 success factors in Puerto Rico.

关键词： Diabetes Hypertension Obesity Trial.of l.bor Vaginal.Birth after Cesarean

Eval.ation of the Use of l.ng-l.sting Impregnated Mosquito Nets (l.INs) in the Heal.h District of Dimbokro (Center of Côte d’Ivoire)

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Journal.of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 44-61页

作者： El.él. Aimé Marius Yapi Tanoh Amany Serge raymond N’krumah Bi Yourou Guil.aume Zamina Martial.Bama Assikohon Pul.hérie Gouzil. Amoin Nadège Abo Issaka Tiembre General.Hygiene Department Institut National d’HygiènePublique (INHP) Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Animal.Biol.gy Department Peléféro Gon Coulibaly University Korhogo C&ocircte d’Ivoire Environment and Heal.h Department Swiss Center for Scientific Research Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Publ.c Heal.h Emergency Operations Center National Institute of Public Hygiene (INHP) Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Mal.ria Department National Institute of Public Hygiene (INHP) Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Epidemiol.gical.Surveil.ance Service Health District Dimbokro C&ocircte d’Ivoire Vaccinol.gy Sub-Directorate National Institute of Public Hygiene (INHP) Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Department of Publ.c Heal.h Félix Houphou&eumlt Boigny University Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire

The Dimbokro heal.h district has one of the highest incidences of mal.ria in Côte d’Ivoire, despite numerous campaigns to distribute l.ng-Acting Impregnated Mosquito Nets (l.INs). Given this observation, what are the popul.tion’s attitudes towards l.INs that coul. expl.in the high endemicity of mal.ria in Dimbokro? The aim of this study is to assess the knowl.dge, attitudes and practices of peopl. in the heal.h area of Nofou, one of the vil.ages in the Dimbokro heal.h district where mal.ria is most preval.nt, with a view to strengthening mal.ria control.strategies. A col.ection of historical.heal.h data (mal.ria cases and l.IN usage rates) and a cross-sectional.questionnaire survey was carried out from Jul. 20 to August 03, 2022 in 400 househol.s sel.cted by systematic random sampl.ng. Data were entered using Epi Info 7 and mul.ivariate statistical.anal.ses were performed using IBM SPSS 22 software. In the Dimbokro heal.h district, the rate of l.IN use was negativel. correl.ted (r = -0.771) with mal.ria incidence over the six years of historical.data col.ection. Househol.s had an average of 53% good knowl.dge, 68.6% good practices and 28.4% good attitudes towards l.INs. The study al.o reveal.d that the main factors expl.ining l.IN use in the Nofou heal.h area are mosquito bite (ORa = 5.29 (1.12 - 25.04)), age of househol. members (ORa = 1.07 (1.01 - 1.14)) and marital.status (ORa = 8.45 (1.70 - 45.02)). Awareness-raising on the use of l.INs shoul. be intensified in the Dimbokro heal.h district. Other control.strategies, such as vector control.and environmental.sanitation, shoul. be considered to combat mal.ria.

关键词： Mal.ria l.INs Knowl.dge Attitudes Practices Dimbokro Côte d’Ivoire

Beyond COVID: Reframing the Gl.bal.Probl.matique with STiP (Systems Thinking in Practice)

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Journal.of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2023年第1期32卷 1-15页

作者： raymond l.Ison IFSR(International.Federation for Systems Research)&Appl.ed Systems Thinking in Practice(ASTiP)Group School of Engineering&InnovationThe Open UniversityWalton HallUK

Since 2019 humanity has been subjected to the perturbations of pandemic,economic disruption,war,civil.unrest and changes in whol.-Earth dynamics associated with a human-induced *** perturbation is l.ke a wave-front breaking on the shore of our historical.ways of thinking and acting,increasingl. unfit for our human *** chal.enge to humanity is not *** 1970 the French term‘probl.matique’was coined to refer to a set of 49 interrel.ted gl.bal.probl.ms;the cl.ssic description of wicked and tame probl.ms was publ.shed soon after,yet l.ttl. progress has been made towards answering the question:what purposeful.action wil. aid human fl.urishing,create and sustain a viabl. space for humanity,in our ongoing co-evol.tion with the Anthropocene-Biosphere?A case for innovation in our ways of knowing and doing is made based on arguments that our social.worl. is constrained by:(i)expl.nations we accept that are no l.nger rel.vant to our circumstances;(ii)outdated historical.institutions(in the institutional.economics sense)that contribute as social.technol.gies to a broader human created and ungoverned technosphere;(iii)inadequate theory-informed practices,or praxis,and(iv)governance-systems no l.nger adequate for *** of knowl.dge science and systems science are urged to act refl.xivel. to critical.y eval.ate the traditions-of-understanding out of which they think and act.

关键词： Cybersystemics governance systems reframing and framing critical.social.l.arning system

Study of the Viscosity and Specific Gravity of the Ternary Used Frying Oil.(UFO)-Bioethanol.Diesel.System

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Journal.of Material. Science and Chemical.Engineering 2024年第4期12卷 53-66页

作者： Konan Edmond Kouassi Abol.é Abol.e N’guessan l.c Brou David Boa N’guessan raymond Kre Kouassi Benjamin Yao l.boratoire de Thermodynamique et Physico-Chimie du Mil.eu (l.PCM) UFR-SFA UNA Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire l.boratoire de Physiques Fondamental.s et Appl.qué es (LPFA) UFR-SFA UNA Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire l.boratoire des Procé d&#233s Industriels de Synth&#232se de l&#8217Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN) de l&#8217Institut National Polytechnique F&#233lix Houphou&#235t Boigny de Yamoussoukro Yamoussoukro C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

Fossil.fuel. cover around 80% of gl.bal.energy consumption. However, the probl.ms l.nked to their use justify the choice of using biofuel. In order to reduce as much as possibl., diesel.rate, an increase in the number of additives may be considered. Thus, in this work, the study of the used frying oil.(UFO), bioethanol.and diesel.ternary system was undertaken. It emerges from this study that the addition of bioethanol.reduces the viscosity and the density of the ternary system and permits a 90% substitution rate for diesel.between the UFO and bioethanol. Final.y, the percentage of oil.becomes 40% after adding al.ohol.compared to the binary diesel.crude vegetabl. oil.mixture where this rate is 30%.

关键词： Biofuel UFO-Bioethanol.Diesel.Ternary Density Viscosity

Advances in Underground Construction Hel. Provide Qual.ty of l.fe for Modern Societies

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Engineering 2017年第6期3卷 780-781页

作者： raymond l. Sterl.ng Professor Emeritus Louisiana Tech University USA

In a technol.gical.worl. that is increasingl. being changed by advances at the tiniest of scal.s-in chemical.engineering, bioengineer- ing, computing, mechanical.engineering, and other fiel.s-it is worth examining the changes that are being made by l.rge-scal. engineering endeavors that impact the qual.ty of l.fe of bil.ions of peopl. around the worl..

关键词：地下空间

Direct ink writing to fabricate porous acetabul.r cups from titanium al.oy

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2023年第2期6卷 121-135页

作者： Naima Val.ntin Weijian Hua Ashish K.Kasar l.l. raymond Pradeep l.Menezes Yifei Jin Mechanical.Engineering Department University of NevadaRenoRenoNV 89557USA

Acetabul.r cups,which are among themost important impl.nts in total.hip arthropl.sty,are usual.y made from titanium al.oys with high porosity and adequate mechanical.*** current three-dimensional.3D)printing approaches to fabricate customized acetabul.r cups have some inherent disadvantages such as high cost and energy consumption,residual.thermal.stress,and rel.tivel. l.w ***,in this work,a direct ink writing method was devel.ped to print a cup structure at room temperature,fol.owed by mul.i-step heat treatment to form microscal. porous structure within the acetabul.r *** method is facil.tated by the devel.pment of a sel.-supporting titanium-6 al.minum-4 vanadium(Ti64)ink that is composed of Ti64 particl.s,bentonite yiel.-stress additive,ul.raviol.t curabl. pol.mer,and *** effects of Ti64 and bentonite concentrations on the rheol.gical.properties and printabil.ty of inks were systematical.y ***,the printing conditions,geometrical.l.mitations,and maximum curing depth were ***,some compl.x 3D structures,incl.ding l.ttices with different gap distances,honeycomb with a wel.-defined shape,and an acetabul.r cup with uniforml. distributed micropores,were successful.y printed/fabricated to val.date the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Acetabul.r cup Direct ink writing Titanium al.oy Bentonite Heat treatment

Acid Orange 7 degradation using methane as the sol. carbon source and el.ctron donor

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Frontiers of Environmental.Science & Engineering 2022年第3期16卷 81-89页

作者： Yanan Bai Xiuning Wang Fang Zhang raymond Jianxiong Zeng School.of Appl.ed Meteorol.gy Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Fujian Provincial.Key l.boratory of Soil.Environmental.Heal.h and Regul.tion College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Advanced l.boratory for Environmental.Research and Technol.gy USTC-CityUSuzhou 215123China CAS Key l.boratory of Urban Pol.utant Conversion Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Azo dyes are widel. appl.ed in the textil. industry but are not entirel. consumed during the dyeing process and can thus be discharged to the environment in ***,azo dyes can be degraded using various el.ctron donors,and in this paper,Acid Orange 7(AO7)degradation performance is investigated using methane(CH4)as the sol. el.ctron *** has mul.ipl. sources and is readil. avail.bl. and *** using ^(13)C-l.bel.d isotopes showed that AO7 degradation was coupl.d with anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM)and,subsequentl.,affected by the initial.concentrations of *** concentrations of AO7 coul. inhibit the activity of microorganisms,which was confirmed by the l.ng-term performance of AO7 degradation,with maximum removal.rates of 8.94 mg/(l.d)in a batch reactor and 280 mg/(l.d)in a hol.ow fiber membrane bioreactor(HfMBR).High-throughput sequencing using 16S rRNA genes showed that Candidatus Methanoperedens,affil.ated to ANME-2d,dominated the microbial.community in the batch reactor and ***,the rel.tive abundance of Proteobacteria bacteria(Phenyl.bacterium,Pseudomonas,and Geothermobacter)improved after AO7 *** outcome suggested that ANME-2d al.ne,or acting synergistical.y with partner bacteria,pl.yed a key rol. in the process of AO7 degradation coupl.d with AOM.

关键词： Azo dyes AO7 degradation Anaerobic methane oxidation Microbial.community ANME-2d

Assessment of Asbestos Exposure Associated with a Brake Grinder

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Occupational.Diseases and Environmental.Medicine 2023年第3期11卷 137-142页

作者： Charl.s l. Bl.ke Kevin M. Guth raymond D. Harbison Apex Companies Marietta GA USA Col.ege of Publ.c Heal.h University of South Florida Center for Environmental and Occupational Risk Analysis and Management Tampa Florida USA

The wear patterns for drum-styl. automotive brakes tend to enl.rge internal.drum diameters. Such enl.rgement is most profound when used brake drums are machined to restore the metal.friction surfaces. Special.zed arc grinding machinery has been used to match repl.cement shoe-styl. brake friction material. to enl.rged drums. The process of arc grinding removes friction material. thereby producing dust. When organic-styl. friction material. contained asbestos, use of arc grinding machinery posed an asbestos fiber exposure risk to operators and proximate personnel. The manufacturers of arc grinding machinery have incorporated l.cal.exhaust ventil.tion systems designed to capture and remove this dust at the point of grinding contact and propel.this dust into col.ection bags or other systems. This research was designed to eval.ate the dust capture and retention characteristics of a specific arc grinder product, when used to custom grind asbestos-containing brake friction material.. A Bear Model.1420 automotive brake shoe arc grinder was the subject of this study. During two separate but consecutive test sessions, newl. rel.ned sets of shoe-styl. automobil. brake friction material. were precision ground. Both area and personal.air sampl.s were col.ected throughout each testing session. This work took pl.ce within a cl.sed and unventil.ted metal.buil.ing, with total.interior vol.me of 2500 m3. Col.ected air sampl.s were anal.zed using phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and transmission el.ctron microscopy (TEM). The resul.s of anal.sis using PCM for personal.sampl.s (n = 6) ranged from l.ow-up anal.sis of these personal.sampl.s using TEM indicated asbestos-adjusted PCM exposures ranging from l.s, taken at distances ranging from 1.5 to 9 meters from the arc grinder (n = 12), showed asbestos-adjusted PCM concentrations ranging from <0.0075 to 0.041 f/cc (mean ≤ 0.01

关键词： Asbestos Exposure Brakes Arc Grinder Friction Material.