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Genome survey uncovers the secrets of sex and lifestyle in caterpillar fungus

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第23期58卷 2846-2854页

作者： HU Xiao ZHANG Yongj.e XIAO GuoHua ZHENG Peng XIA YongLiang ZHANG XingYu ST LEGER raymond j.LIU XingZhong WANG ChengShu Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology Institute of Plant physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Life Sciences Shanxi University State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Entomology University of Maryland College Park

The caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (best known as Cordyceps sinensis) mummifies ghost moth larvae exclusively in Tibetan Plateau alpine ecosystems. Touted as "Himalayan Viagra", the fungus is highly prized due to its medical benefits and dwindling supplies. Attempts to culture the sexual fruiting-body have failed and the huge market demand has led to severe devastation of local ecosystems and to the fungus heading towards extinction. By genome sequencing, we establish that unlike related insect pathogens O. sinensis contains two compatible mating-type genes in its genome and is self-fertile, i.e. homothallic. However, sexual processes are only initiated under native environmental conditions. O. sinensis resembles biotrophic plant pathogens in having a genome shaped by retrotransposon-driven expansions. The resulting changes in gene content suggest that O. sinensis has a biphasic pathogenic mechanism beginning with stealth pathogenesis in early host instars. O. sinensis is the first psychrophilic fungus sequenced and is adapted to extreme cold with putative antifreeze proteins and mechanisms for increasing lipid accumulation and fatty acid unsaturation. We hypothesize that for the inbreeding O. sinensis the massive proliferation of retrotransposons provides a tradeoff between the advantages of increased genetic variation independent of sexual recombination and deletion of genes dispensable for its specialized pathogenic lifestyle.

关键词：基因组测序生活方式虫草秘密性反转录转座子冬虫夏草致病机制不饱和脂肪酸

Meso-Rex bypass for the management of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in adults(with video)

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第1期21卷 25-32页

作者： Martin Brichard Samuele Iesari j.n Lerut raymond Reding Pierre Goffette Laurent Coubeau Service de Chirurgie et Transplantation Abdominale Cliniques Universitaires Saint-LucUniversitéCatholique de Louvain10 Avenue HippocrateBrussels 1200Belgium Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et CliniqueUniversitéCatholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium Department of Clinical Sciences and Applied Biotechnology University of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly Department of General Surgery and Kidney Transplantation Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly Service de Radiologie et Imagerie médicale Cliniques Universitaires Saint-LucUniversitéCatholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium

Background:Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction(EHPVO)results in severe portal hypertension(PHT)leading to severely compromised quality of ***,pharmacological and endoscopic management is unable to solve this *** hepatic portal flow using meso-Rex bypass(MRB)may solve *** procedure,uncommon in adult patients,is considered the treatment of choice for EHPVO in ***:From 1997 to 2018,8 male and 6 female adults,with a median age of 51 years(range 22-66)underwent MRB procedure for EHPVO at the University Hospitals Saint-Luc in Brussels,***-toms of PHT were life altering in all but one patient and consisted of repetitive gastro-intestinal bleedings,sepsis due to portal biliopathy,and/or severe abdominal *** surgical technique consisted in interposition of a free venous graft or of a prosthetic graft between the superior mesenteric vein and the Rex recess of the left portal ***:Median operative time was 500 min(range 300-730).Median follow-up duration was 22 months(range 2-169).One patient died due to hemorrhagic shock following percutaneous transluminal interven-tion for early graft *** morbidity,defined as Clavien-Dindo score≥III,was 35.7%(5/14).Shunt patency at last follow-up was 64.3%(9/14):85.7%(6/7)of pure venous grafts and only 42.9%(3/7)of prosthetic *** relief was achieved in 85.7%(12/14)who became asymptomatic after ***:Adult EHPVO represents a difficult clinical condition that leads to severely compromised quality of life and possible life-threatening *** such patients,MRB represents the only and last resort to restore physiological portal vein *** successful in a maj.rity of patients,this procedure is associated with maj.r morbidity and mortality and should be done in tertiary centers expe-rienced with vascular liver surgery to get the best results.

关键词： Meso-Rex bypass Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction Extrahepatic portal hypertension Portal vein thrombosis Surgical procedure

Bemisia tabaci： The current situation in the UK and the prospect of developing strategies for eradication using entomopathogens

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Insect Science 2011年第1期18卷 1-10页

作者： Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Lisa F. Blackburn Dominic P. Eyre raymond j.C. Cannon j.dith Miller Phil Northing The Food and Environment Research Agency Sand Hutton York UK

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）（Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） remains a serious threat to crops worldwide. The damaging B-biotype is of specific economic concern because it is an effective vector of over 111 viruses from several fam- ilies, particularly geminiviruses. Bemisia tabaci is regularly intercepted on plants coming into the UK where it is subj.cted to a policy of eradication. The UK maintains Protective Zone status against this pest. A main pathway of entry of B. tabaci into the Protected Zone involves propagating material, especially Poinsettia （Euphorbia pulcherrima）. With increased insecticide resistance continuously being recorded, B. tabaci is becoming more difficult to control/eradicate. Recent research involving both entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi is showing much potential for the development of control programs for this pest. Both the nematode Steinernemafeltiae and the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium have been shown to be most effective against second instar B. tabaci. Fine-tuning of the environmental conditions required has also increased their efficacy. The entomopathogens have also shown a high level of compatibility with chemical insecticides, all increasing their potential to be incorporated into control strategies against B. tabaci.

关键词： biocontrol entomopathogenic nematodes entomopathogenic fungi insecticide resistance whitefly

Survey on digital twins for Internet of Vehicles:Fundamentals,challenges,and opportunities

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第2期10卷 237-247页

作者： j.aj.e Guo Muhammad Bilal Yuying Qiu Cheng Qian Xiaolong Xu Kim-Kwang raymond Choo School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Department of Computer Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesGyeonggi-do17035South Korea j.angsu Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing210044China Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78249-0631USA

As autonomous vehicles and the other supporting infrastructures(e.g.,smart cities and intelligent transportation systems)become more commonplace,the Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is getting increasingly *** have been attempts to utilize Digital Twins(DTs)to facilitate the design,evaluation,and deployment of IoV-based systems,for example by supporting high-fidelity modeling,real-time monitoring,and advanced predictive ***,the literature review undertaken in this paper suggests that integrating DTs into IoV-based system design and deployment remains an understudied *** addition,this paper explains how DTs can benefit IoV system designers and implementers,as well as describes several challenges and opportunities for future researchers.

关键词： Internet of vehicles Digital twin Simulation Traffic systems

Renminbi Derivatives: Recent Development and Issues

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China & World Economy 2007年第5期15卷 1-17页

作者： Wensheng Peng Chang Shu raymond Yip Hong Kong Monetary Authority Hong Kong Kong Monetary Authority Hong Kong

This study reviews the developments in markets. The onshore market has seen a the onshore and offshore renminbi derivatives rapid build-up in the market infrastructure and price discovery mechanism in the past year, with empirical evidence suggesting that its pricing is increasingly determined by financial fundamentals, such as the covered interest rate parity. However, the growth of the market has been restrained by restrictions on the participant base, limited variations in the RMB/US$ exchange rate, market participants＇ lack of technical capacity and experience, and inadequate supporting financial market infrastructure. The non-deliverable forward （NDF） market, concentrated in Hong Kong and Singapore, is more developed, but has the drawback that its pricing is not tied to financial fundamentals. The comparison between onshore and offshore markets suggests that two issues are of particular importance for future derivatives market development in China： the balance between regulation and development, and the relationship between onshore and offshore markets.

关键词： NDF onshore market renminbi derivatives

Photosynthesis of Submerged and Surface Leaves of the Dwarf Water Lily(Nymphoides aquatica)Using PAM Fluorometry

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j.urnal of Botanical Research 2022年第3期4卷 25-43页

作者： Tharawit Wuthirak raymond j.Ritchie Department of Biology Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat Yai90112Thailand Tropical Plant Biology Unit Faculty of Technology and EnvironmentPrince of Songkla UniversityPhuket83120Thailand

Dwarf Water Lilies Nymphoides aquatica(***)Kuntze have floating and submerged *** submerged aquatic vascular plants have a form of CAM(Crassulacean Acid Metabolism)called Submerged Aquatic Macrophyte(SAM)***-diode based PAM technology was used to measure the Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution Rate(POER:1O_(2)≡4e^(-)).Optimum Irradiance(E_(opt)),maximum POER(POER_(max))and quantum efficiency(α_(0))all vary on a diurnal *** shape of the POER vs.E curves is different in seedling,submerged and surface *** E_(opt) and POER_(max) are very low in seedling leaves(E_(opt)≈104μmol photon m^(-2) s^(-1),PPFD;POER_(max)≈4.95µmol O_(2) g^(-1) Chl a s^(-1)),intermediate in mature submerged leaves(E_(opt)≈419µmol photon m^(-2) s^(-1) PPFD,POER_(max)≈38.1µmol O_(2) g^(-1) Chl a s^(-1))and very high in surface leaves(E_(opt)≈923µmol photon m^(-2) s^(-1) PPFD,POER_(max)≈76.1µmol O_(2) g^(-1) Chl a s^(-1)).Leaf titratable acid(C4 acid pool)is too small(≈20 to 50 mol H+m^(-3))to support substantial SAM *** daily photosynthesis of surface leaves is≈3.71 g C m^(-2) d^(-1) in full sun and as much as 1.4 gC m^(-2) d^(-1) in shaded submerged *** is midday inhibition of photosynthesis.

关键词： CAM photosynthesis SAM photosynthesis Submerged aquatic macrophyte Carbon fixation Diurnal cycle Photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate(POER) Light curves PAM fluorometry Photosynthetic photon fluence rate(PPFD) Primary productivity

Atomic defects,functional groups and properties in MXenes

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第1期32卷 339-344页

作者： Wenj.n Cui Zhi-Yi Hu raymond RUnocic Gustaaf Van Tendeloo Xiahan Sang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China NRC(Nanostructure Research Centre) Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831United States EMAT(Electron Microscopy for Materials Science) University of AntwerpAntwerpB-2020Belgium

MXenes,a new family of functional two-dimensional(2 D) materials,have shown great potential for an extensive variety of applications within the last *** defects and functional groups in MXenes are known to have a tremendous influence on the functional *** this review,we focus on recent progress in the characterization of atomic defects and functional group chemistry in MXenes,and how to control them to directly influence various properties(e.g.,electron transport,Li^(+) adsorption,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) activity,and magnetism) of 2 D MXenes *** structural transformations such as oxidation and growth induced by atomic defects in MXenes are also *** review thus provides perspectives on property optimization through atomic defect engineering,and bottom-up synthesis methods based on defect-assisted homoepitaxial growth of MXenes.

关键词： MXenes Atomic defects Surface functional groups Electron microscopy Functional properties

Evaluation of high yielding soybean germplasm under water limitation

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j.urnal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第5期58卷 475-491页

作者： Silvas j.Prince Mackensie Murphy raymond N.Mutava Zhengzhi Zhang Na Nguyen Yoon Ha Kim Safiullah M.Pathan Grover j.Shannon Babu Valliyodan Henry T.Nguyen National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri

Limited information is available for soybean root traits and their plasticity under drought stress. To date, no studies have focused on examining diverse soybean germ- plasm for regulation of shoot and root response under water limited conditions across varying soil types. In this study, 17 genetically diverse soybean germplasm lines were selected to study root response to water limited conditions in clay （trial 1） and sandy soil （trial 2） in two target environments. Physiological data on shoot traits was measured at multiple crop stages ranging from early vegetative to pod filling. The phenotypic root traits, and biomass accumulation data are collected at pod filling stage. In trial 1, the number of lateral roots and forks were positively correlated with plot yield under water limitation and in trial 2, lateral root thickness was positively correlated with the hill plot yield. Plant Introduction （PI） 578477A and 088444 were found to have higher later root number and forks in clay soil with higher yield under water limitation, in sandy soil, P1458o2o was found to have a thicker lateral root system and higher yield under water limitation. The genotypes identified in this study could be used to enhance drought tolerance of elite soybean cultivars through improved root traits specific to target environments.

关键词： Fibrous root root angle root plasticity root systemarchitecture (RSA) root thickness spectral indices soybean spectralindices total root length water limitation

Small RNA Profiling Reveals Phosphorus Deficiency as a Contributing Factor in Symptom Expression for Citrus Huanglongbing Disease

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 301-310页

作者： Hongwei Zhao Ruobai Sun Ute Albrecht Chellappan Padmanabhan Airong Wanga Michael D. Coffey Thomas Girke Zonghua Wang Timothy j. Close Mikeal Roose raymond K. Yokomi Svetlana Folimonova Georgios Vidalakis Robert Rouse Kim D. Bowman Hailing j.n Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Institute for Integrative Genome Biology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Present address: Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA US Horticultural Research Laboratory US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 USA Fuj.an Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002-China San j.aquin Valley Agricultural Research Center US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service 9611 S. Riverbend Ave Parlier CA 93648 USA Citrus Research and Education Center University of Florida 700 Experiment Station Road Lake Alfred FL 33850 USA University of Florida 2685 State Road29 North immokaleel FL 34142 USA

Huanglongbing （HLB） is a devastating citrus disease that is associated with bacteria of the genus ＇Candidatus Liberibacter＇（Ca. L.）. Powerful diagnostic tools and management strategies are desired to control HLB. Host small RNAs （sRNA） play a vital role in regulating host responses to pathogen infection and are used as early diagnostic markers for many human diseases, including cancers. To determine whether citrus sRNAs regulate host responses to HLB, sRNAs were profiled from Citrus sinensis 10 and 14 weeks post grafting with Ca. L. asiaticus （Las）-positive or healthy tissue. Ten new microRNAs （miRNAs）, 76 conserved miRNAs, and many small interfering RNAs （siRNAs） were discovered. Several miRNAs and siRNAs were highly induced by Las infection, and can be potentially developed into early diagnosis markers of HLB. miR399, which is induced by phosphorus starvation in other plant species, was induced specifically by infection of Las but not Spiroplasma citri that causes citrus stubborn--a disease with symptoms similar to HLB. We found a 35% reduction of phosphorus in Las-positive citrus trees compared to healthy trees. Applying phosphorus oxyanion solutions to HLB-positive sweet orange trees reduced HLB symptom severity and significantly improved fruit production during a 3-year field trial in south-west Florida. Our molecular, physiological, and field data suggest that phosphorus deficiency is linked to HLB disease symptomology.

关键词： Huanglongbing small RNA miRNA399 disease diagnosis phosphorus deficiency.