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Play therapy in children with autism:Its role,implications,and limitations

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第1期12卷 1-22页

作者： Reem Elbeltagi Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed rawan alhawamdeh Department of Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusaiteen 15503Bahrain Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityDr.Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Pathology Department Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 12Bahrain Pathology Department Irish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainBusaiteen 15503Bahrain Pediatrics Research and Development Department Genomics Creativity and Play CenterManama 0000Bahrain School of Continuing Education Masters in PsychologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138United States

Play is a pleasurable physical or mental activity that enhances the child’s skills involving negotiation abilities,problem-solving,manual dexterity,sharing,decision-making,and working in a *** affects all the brain's areas,structures,and *** with autism have adaptive behavior,adaptive response,and social interaction *** review explores the different applications of play therapy in helping children with autism *** is usually significantly impaired in children with *** therapy is mainly intended to help children to honor their unique mental abilities and developmental *** main aim of play therapy is to prevent or solve psychosocial difficulties and achieve optimal child-healthy growth and *** therapy helps children with autism to engage in play activities of their interest and choice to express themselves in the most comfortable *** changes their way of self-expression from unwanted behaviors to more non-injurious expressive behavior using toys or activities of their choice as their *** therapy also helps those children to experience feeling out various interaction *** child with autism is unique and responds ***,different types of intervention,like play therapy,could fit the differences in children with *** evaluation of the child is mandatory to evaluate which type fits the child more than the *** narrative review revised the different types of play therapy that could fit children with autism in an evidence-based *** weak evidence,play therapy still has potential benefits for patients and their families.

关键词： Autism Play therapy Children Autism spectrum disorder Sensory integration therapy Art-play therapy Equine-partnered play therapy Child-centered play therapy Synergistic play therapy

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Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第4期12卷 171-196页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Reem Elbeltagi rawan alhawamdeh Pediatric Department Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityAlgharbiaTanta 31511Egypt Pediatrics Univeristy Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManamaManama 26671Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentSalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthManamaManama 12Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentIrish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainMuharraqBusaiteen 15503Bahrain Pulmonology Department Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityAlgharbiaTanta 31527Egypt Pulmonology Department University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManamaManama 26671Bahrain Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainMuharraqBusiateen 15503Bahrain Pediatrics Research and Development DepartmentGenomics Creativity and Play CenterManamaManama 0000Bahrain Pediatrics Research and Development DepartmentSENSORYME Dubai 999041United Arab Emirates

Children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD)or autism are more prone to gastrointestinal(GI)disorders than the general *** disorders can significantly affect their health,learning,and development due to various factors such as genetics,environment,and *** causes of GI disorders in children with ASD can include gut dysbiosis,immune dysfunction,food sensitivities,digestive enzyme deficiencies,and sensory processing *** studies suggest that numerous children with ASD experience GI problems,and effective management is *** autism is typically done through genetic,neurological,functional,and behavioral assessments and observations,while GI tests are not consistently *** GI tests may increase the risk of developing ASD or exacerbating *** GI issues in individuals with ASD can improve their overall well-being,leading to better behavior,cognitive function,and educational *** management can improve digestion,nutrient absorption,and appetite by relieving physical discomfort and *** GI symptoms can improve sleep patterns,increase energy levels,and contribute to a general sense of well-being,ultimately leading to a better quality of life for the individual and improved family *** primary goal of GI interventions is to improve nutritional status,reduce symptom severity,promote a balanced mood,and increase patient independence.

关键词： Gastrointestinal disorders Autism spectrum disorders,Children Gut microbiota Ketogenic diet Gluten-free casein-free diet,Dietary management

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Effects of COVID-19 on children with autism

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World Journal of Virology 2022年第6期11卷 411-425页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy rawan alhawamdeh Samara Qaraghuli Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterArabian Gulf UniversityKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Medical Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentSalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Department of Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentIrish Royal College of SurgeonBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Chest Disease Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Research and Development Department Pediatric Occupational Therapist and NeuropsychologistGenomics Development and Play Center(Genomisc WLL)0000ManamaBahrain Research and Development Department Pediatric Occupational Therapist and NeuropsychologistSensory Middle East(SENSORYME DWC-LLC)282228 DubaiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Faculty of PharmacyAl-Mustansiriya UniversityBaghdad 14022BaghdadIraq

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic affects all countries and populations worldwide,significantly impacting people with autism with a high risk of morbidity and mortality due to *** 25%of children with autism have an asymptomatic or symptomatic immune deficiency or *** addition,they frequently have various comorbid conditions that increase the severity of *** addition,severe COVID-19 during pregnancy may increase the risk of autism in the ***,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 could target human nervous system tissues due to its neurotrophic *** COVID-19 pandemic intensely impacts many patients and families in the autism community,especially the complex management of autism-associated disorders during the complete *** the complete lockdown,children with autism had difficulties coping with the change in their routine,lack of access to special education services,limited physical space available,and problems related to food and ***,children with autism or intellectual disabilities are more liable to be abused by others during the pandemic when the standard community supports are no longer functioning to protect *** detection and vaccination of children with autism against COVID-19 are highly *** should be prioritized for testing,vaccination,and proper management of COVID-19 and other infectious *** this review,we discuss the various effects of COVID-19 on children with autism,the difficulties they face,the increased risk of infection during pregnancy,how to alleviate the impact of COVID-19,and how to correct the inequalities in children with autism.

关键词： Autism ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder Children COVID-19 Testing Vaccination Neurotropism SARS-CoV-2

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Viruses and autism: A Bi-mutual cause and effect

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World Journal of Virology 2023年第3期12卷 172-192页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Reem Elbeltagi Adel Salah Bediwy Syed A Saboor Aftab rawan alhawamdeh Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentSalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12Bahrain Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentIrish Royal College of SurgeonBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonolgy Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Chest Disease University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Endocrinology and DM William Harvey Hospital(Paula Carr Centre)Ashford TN240LZKentUnited Kingdom Pediatrics Research and Development Genomics Creativity and Play CenterManama 0000Bahrain

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors *** is a significant trigger of autism,especially during the critical developmental *** is a strong interplay between the viral infection as a trigger and a result of *** aim to highlight the mutual relationship between autism and *** performed a thorough literature review and included 158 research in this *** of the literature agreed on the possible effects of the viral infection during the critical period of development on the risk of developing autism,especially for specific viral infections such as Rubella,Cytomegalovirus,Herpes Simplex virus,Varicella Zoster Virus,Influenza virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus *** infection directly infects the brain,triggers immune activation,induces epigenetic changes,and raises the risks of having a child with *** the same time,there is some evidence of increased risk of infection,including viral infections in children with autism,due to lots of *** is an increased risk of developing autism with a specific viral infection during the early developmental period and an increased risk of viral infections in children with *** addition,children with autism are at increased risk of infection,including *** effort should be made to prevent maternal and early-life infections and reduce the risk of *** modulation of children with autism should be considered to reduce the risk of infection.

关键词： Autism Children Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex virus Influenza virus Zika virus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Viral infection Core Tip:There is a mutual relationship between viral infections and autism.There is an increased risk of developing autism when contracting a viral infection during pregnancy or early postnatal life during the critical period of brain development.At the same time,children with autism have many co-morbidities that expose them to more risk of contracting infections,including viruses.Therefore,every effort should be made to prevent infections,especially during this critical period of neurodevelopment.Parents should also be educated about the importance of vaccination and immune modulation in children with autism to avoid further infections.

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