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harnessing REDD+ opportunities for forest conservation and carbon stock enhancement in the Northeastern States of India

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Natural Science 2013年第3期5卷 349-358页

作者： Indu K. Murthy Nitasha Sharma ravindranath nijavalli h Centre for Sustainable Technologies Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Centre for Sustainable Technologies Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

Forests have significant economic and ecological value as a provider of ecosystem services, being home to much of the world’s biodiversity and supporting the livelihoods of many people. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD) is a critical component of the overall greenhouse gas emission reductions and now the significance of REDD+ (which is not only about reducing emissions but halting and reversing forest loss), in delivering climate change mitigation benefits along with co-benefits, is increasingly being recognized in global climate negotiations. Northeast India provides a tremendous potential for harnessing REDD+ activities with about 66% of the total geographical area of the region being covered by forests. This paper attempts to explore this potential besides estimating the area available for different options under REDD+ as well as the mitigation potential using COMAP model, overcoming limitations of existing studies or a lack of them. Within this, the status of forests and biodiversity along with drivers of deforestation in north east India are documented and an assessment of the potential for taking up reducing deforestation and degradation and enhancement of carbon stocks and afforestation is conducted both at the state as well as district level. It was found that northeastern states have been experiencing net forest loss during the last few years along with significant scale forest degradation, with Nagaland followed by Arunachal Pradesh offering maximum potential for “reducing deforestation” option under REDD and the total incremental annual mitigation potential of the four REDD+ activities in northeast India being 29.2 MtCO2 for 2030.

关键词： Forests Climate Change REDD+ Mitigation Potential Northeast India

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Biophysical quantification of biodiversity and ecosystems services of forest ecosystems in the Western Ghats: a case study of Uttara Kannada District, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第3期29卷 728-741页

作者： Priya P.Joshi Indu K.Murthy Gurunath T.hegde Vani Sathyanarayan Savithri Bhat Vishal Patil Tashina Esteves N.h.ravindranath Centre for Sustainable Technologies Indian Institute of Science Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Pondicherry University

Biodiversity and ecosystem services play key roles in future economic strategies seeking to promote development and prosperity. This study assesses the status of biodiversity and flow of ecosystem services from selected forest types in the Western Ghats. At the sampling sites, the number of tree species ranged from 16 to 79 per hectare depending on the forest type. The estimates for Shannon–Wiener index for trees in the evergreen, moist deciduous and dry deciduous forest plots were 3.02, 2.9 and 1.54, respectively. The total biomass carbon stocks in evergreen, moist deciduous and dry deciduous forests in the study area was 229, 221 and 189 t C/ha, *** of dependency patterns of local communities on forest resources indicated a high dependency on provisional services such as fuelwood, manure and fodder. The study records the highest dependency rates for fuelwood,ranging between 72 and 100% for the three forest types and indicates that forest ecosystems underpin the well-being of the population dependent directly and indirectly on them.

关键词： Biodiversity assessment Ecosystem services Western Ghats

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中国超级杂交稻在孟印缅地区的生产潜力模拟

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地理学报 2018年第11期73卷 2184-2197页

作者：王小博王绍强陈敬华崔惠娟吴宜进 N h ravindranath A RAhMAN 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049 华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院武汉430079 印度科学研究院可持续技术中心印度班加罗尔560012 孟加拉国高级研究中心孟加拉国达卡1212

水稻是孟加拉国、印度和缅甸最重要的粮食作物,研究中国超级杂交稻对孟印缅地区的水稻增产潜力,对于保障孟中印缅经济走廊的粮食安全与区域可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。在全面收集孟印缅地区气候、土壤、田间管理信息和农业统计数据... 详细信息

水稻是孟加拉国、印度和缅甸最重要的粮食作物,研究中国超级杂交稻对孟印缅地区的水稻增产潜力,对于保障孟中印缅经济走廊的粮食安全与区域可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。在全面收集孟印缅地区气候、土壤、田间管理信息和农业统计数据的基础上,结合中国籼型杂交稻F优498和丰两优4号的品种信息和区试数据,通过EPIC模型模拟了1996-2005年雨季孟印缅3国在不同情景下的超级稻生产潜力,并分析了孟印缅地区主要胁迫因子对超级稻单产潜力的影响。研究表明:(1)中国超级杂交稻在孟印缅地区2000年的灌溉和施肥水平下单产潜力为10.22 t/ha,在充分灌溉且合理施肥的水平下单产潜力为11.33 t/ha。(2)孟印缅地区雨季稻的增产空间达22771万t,水稻增产潜力最大的地区是印度的恒河平原东部、印度半岛东南沿海与缅甸的伊洛瓦底三角洲。(3)印度德干高原东北部、西南部和印度大平原西北部需要进一步完善灌溉设备以满足高产水稻用水,缅甸的中南部平原地区和印度的东北地区则需要增施氮肥以满足高产水稻用肥。

关键词：超级杂交稻生产潜力产量差 EPIC模型孟中印缅经济走廊

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Simulating potential yields of Chinese super hybrid rice in Bangladesh,India and Myanmar with EPIC model

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第7期28卷 1020-1036页

作者：王小博王绍强陈敬华崔惠娟吴宜进 N h ravindranath Atiq Rahman Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Central China Normal University Centre for Sustainable Technologies India Institute of Science Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies

In this study, information is collected on the weather, soils, field management and agricultural statistics in the Bangladesh, India and Myanmar（BIM） region. Crop growth parameters within the EPIC（Environmental Policy Integrated Climate） model are calibrated using cultivar data and regional experimental records of indica hybrid rice Fyou498 and Fengliangyou4 in China. Potential yields of rice are then simulated in the BIM region from 1996 to 2005. The effects of local irrigation and fertilization levels on super hybrid rice yield are examined. The potential yields of Chinese hybrid rice at local irrigation and fertilization levels in 2000 and at full irrigation and rational fertilization levels are found to be 10.22 t/ha and 11.33 t/ha, respectively. The potential for increasing monsoon rice production in the study region is 227.71 million tons. The eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain in India, the southeast coast of India Peninsula and the Ayeyarwady Delta in Myanmar have the largest potentials for monsoon rice production. The northeastern and southwestern areas of the Deccan Plateau and the northwestern region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain need to improve irrigation equipment to meet the water-use requirements of high-yield rice. The central and southern plains in Myanmar and northeastern India need greater access to nitrogen fertilization for high-yield rice.

关键词： super hybrid rice potential productivity yield gap EPIC model Belt and Road Initiative

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Synthesis and Characterization of Struvite-k Crystals by Agar Gel

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Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology 2014年第4期4卷 212-224页

作者： Vilas Bhagawat Suryawanshi ravindranath Teniram Chaudhari Physics Research Lab Shri. V.S. Naik Arts Commerce and Science College Raver India

The phosphate mineral struvite is basically formed in urinary tracks and kidney. One of the analogous compounds of struvite is potassium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate (KMgPO4·6h2O), known as struvite-k crystal and found in animal urinary calculi. In the present investigation, struvite-k crystals were grown by single diffusion and double diffusion techniques in agar gelmedium. The grown crystals were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Optical microscopy and SEM exhibited the different morphologies. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of water molecules, stretching and bending vibrations of phosphate (PO4) ions. however the powder XRD results from the crystalline nature. Elemental composition in the crystal was obtained by EDXA, while 36.89% weight loss of water molecules is observed in TGA study.

关键词： Gel Method Agar Gel Struvite-k Animal Calculi

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基于AhP_熵权法的孟印缅地区洪水灾害风险评估

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地理研究 2020年第8期39卷 1892-1906页

作者：刘媛媛王绍强王小博江东 N h ravindranath Atiq Rahman Nyo Mar htwe Tartirose Vijitpan 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049 中国地质大学地理与信息工程学院武汉430074 印度科学研究院可持续技术中心印度班加罗尔560012 孟加拉国高级研究中心孟加拉国达卡1212 缅甸耶津农业大学缅甸内比都15000 联合国环境规划署-国际生态系统管理伙伴计划北京100101

孟印缅三国地处亚热带与热带季风气候区,因自然条件制约,洪涝灾害频繁发生,对"孟中印缅经济走廊"建设将会带来重大影响。开展孟印缅地区的洪水风险评估可为"孟中印缅经济走廊"的建设安全提供必要的信息和科技支撑。利用1980—2016年的... 详细信息

孟印缅三国地处亚热带与热带季风气候区,因自然条件制约,洪涝灾害频繁发生,对"孟中印缅经济走廊"建设将会带来重大影响。开展孟印缅地区的洪水风险评估可为"孟中印缅经济走廊"的建设安全提供必要的信息和科技支撑。利用1980—2016年的降水数据,结合河网、数字高程和土地利用等数据,选取雨季降雨量、暴雨天数、高程、坡度、河网密度、植被覆盖度、土壤可蚀性、人口密度、地均GDP和土地利用10个指标,采用层次分析法和AhP_熵权法对孟印缅地区的洪水灾害风险分布进行了比较研究。研究表明:孟印缅地区高风险区和较高风险区分别占总面积的1.05%和28.76%,高风险区主要分布在印度北部的恒河平原、印度东北部的阿萨姆邦、孟加拉国大部分地区和缅甸南部。受自然、人口和经济条件的制约,孟加拉国是孟印缅三国中洪水风险最高的国家,高风险区和较高风险区分别占总面积的10.61%和65.87%。层次分析法和AhP_熵权法结果间的比较表明,后者比前者识别出更大范围的洪水高风险区。本研究为中国开展周边国家自然灾害的风险评估提供了有效的方法,有助于推进国家孟中印缅经济走廊的建设。

关键词：洪水灾害风险评估层次分析法(AhP) AhP_熵权法孟中印缅经济走廊

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兰布尔阿古查铅锌矿(印度最大的复合矿床)——选矿流程的发展

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国外金属矿选矿 1989年第5期26卷 7-13,14页

作者： K.ravindranath h.V.Palinwal 方群英

七十年代末印度发现的最富的贱金属硫化矿矿床具有重要的意义。根据1982年完成的18095米钻探结果,铅锌矿石的储量估计为6100万吨。矿石含锌13.4%,铅1.93%。矿石矿化最富的是闪锌矿,其次是黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、毒砂和黄铜矿。矿化... 详细信息

七十年代末印度发现的最富的贱金属硫化矿矿床具有重要的意义。根据1982年完成的18095米钻探结果,铅锌矿石的储量估计为6100万吨。矿石含锌13.4%,铅1.93%。矿石矿化最富的是闪锌矿,其次是黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、毒砂和黄铜矿。矿化围岩是石墨-硅线石片岩或片麻岩。1980—1983年间,曾全力以赴地进行旨在能生产出适于冶炼厂处理的铅锌精矿的选矿流程的研究。本文将介绍印度斯坦锌有限公司研究与发展中心以及某些印度的和国际的实验室为发展这一流程所作的贡献。考虑到综合试验厂已经用硫化物矿化在独特的围岩中的兰布尔阿古查复合矿石进行过4000吨的验证试验,对于生产铅-锌精矿来说,采用优先浮选流程是合适的。

关键词：铅锌矿选矿选矿流程

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Acute Toxicity and Cardio-Respiratory Effects of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose: A Promising Radio Sensitiser

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期19卷 96-103页

作者： R.VIJAYARAGhAVAN DEO KUMAR SN DUBE R.SINGh KS.PANDEY BC.BAG MP.KAUShIK K.SEKhAR BS.DWARAKANATh T.ravindranath Defence Research and Development Establishment Gwalior-474002 Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Delhi-110054 India

Objective To evaluate the acute toxicity of 2-deoxy-D-glucose （2DG） by oral （p.o.） and intravenous （i.v.） routes, and also the cardio-respiratory effects following high doses of 2DG in animal models. Methods The LD50 of 2DG （in water） was determined in rats and mice by p.o. route and in mice by i.v. route. The effect of 2-DG （250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg, i.v.） was studied on various cardio-respiratory parameters viz., mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate in anaesthetised rats. The effect of 2DG （500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg, p.o.） was also studied on various respiratory parameters viz., respiratory rate and tidal volume in conscious rats and mice using a computer program. Results The p.o. LD50 of 2DG was found to be 〉8000 mg/kg in mice and rats, and at this dose no death was observed. The LD50 in mice by i.v. route was found to be 8000 mg/kg. At this dose 2 out of 4 mice died and the death occurred within 6 h. A significant increase in the body weight was observed after p.o. administration of 2DG in rats at 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg doses. There was no significant change in the body weight at 4000 mg/kg and 8000 mg/kg by the p.o. route in rats and up to 8000 mg/kg by p.o. as well as i.v. routes in mice. Intravenous administration of 2DG （250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg） in anaesthetised rats showed a time-dependent decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure. There was no change in the heart rate in any of the treatment groups. The tidal volume was not changed significantly by p.o administration in conscious rats, but a significant decrease in the respiratory frequency at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg doses was observed. In the mice also there was no change in the tidal volume after p.o, administration, but the respiratory frequency decreased significantly at 2000 mg/kg dose. Conclusion 2DG is a safe compound but can cause a fall in the blood pressure and a decrease in respiratory frequency at high doses.

关键词： 2-deoxy-D-glucose Glucose analogue Radio sensitizer Acute toxicity Blood pressure heart rate Respiration

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Impact of Climate Change on Vegetation Distribution and Net Primary Productivity of Forests of himalayan River Basins: Brahmaputra, Koshi and Indus

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American Journal of Climate Change 2018年第2期7卷 271-294页

作者： A. Chaitra S. Upgupta L. D. Bhatta J. Mathangi D. S. Anitha K. Sindhu Vidya Kumar N. K. Agrawal M. S. R. Murthy F. Qamar Indu K. Murthy J. Sharma R. K. Chaturvedi G. Bala N. h. ravindranath Centre for Sustainable Technologies Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Kathmandu Nepal Divecha Centre for Climate Change Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India

The impacts of climate change in terms of forest vegetation shifts and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) changes are assessed for Brahmaputra, Koshi and Indus river basins for the mid (2021-2050) and long (2071-2100) terms for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Two Dynamical Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs), Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) and (Lund Postdam and Jena (LPJ), have been used for this purpose. The DGVMs are driven by the ensemble mean climate projections from 5 climate models that contributed to the CMIP5 data base. While both DGVMs project vegetation shifts in the forest areas of the basins, there are large differences in vegetation shifts projected by IBIS and LPJ. This may be attributed to differing representation of land surface processes and to differences in the number of vegetation types (Plant Functional Types) defined and simulated in the two models. however, there is some agreement in NPP changes as projected by both IBIS and LPJ, with IBIS mostly projecting a larger increase in NPP for the future scenarios. Despite the uncertainties with respect to climate change projections at river basin level and the differing impact assessments from different DGVMs, it is necessary to assess the “vulnerability” of the forest ecosystems and forest dependent communities to current climate risks and future climate change and to develop and implement resilience or adaptation measures. Assessment of the “vulnerability” and designing of the adaptation strategies could be undertaken for all the forested grids where both IBIS and LPJ project vegetation shifts.

关键词： Climate Change Forests himalayan River Basins Impacts NPP Change Forest Type Shift

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