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Disaster Risk Reduction Including Climate Change Adaptation Over South Asia: Challenges and Ways Forward

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第1期10卷 14-27页

作者： Rajesh K.Mall ravindra K.Srivastava Tirthankar Banerjee Om Prakash Mishra Diva Bhatt Geetika Sonkar Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development Banaras Hindu University DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research Banaras Hindu University Ministry of home Affairs Ministry of Earth Sciences

South Asia is vulnerable to a variety of hydrometeorological hazards, which are often crossboundary in nature. Climate change is expected to influence many of these hazards. Thus, climate-related risks over South Asia make disaster risk reduction(DRR) and climate change adaptation(CCA) key policy *** there is an increasing consensus that DRR including CCA should be embedded in development planning. Disaster risk reduction including CCA has progressively gained importance in global governance. Across South Asia, however, such integration is only in a preliminary stage. This review was to assess the existing status and scope of DRR including CCA in development projects across South Asia, so that an effective and achievable deliberation may be made to regional policymakers. A total of 371 projects relevant to CCA and DRR were *** project inventory was diverse in nature with respect to location, scale, sectoral focus, and strategic ***, India, and Bhutan were observed to be proactive in implementing DRR-and CCA-related ***-analysis of the project inventory suggests an urgent need for an individual and collaborative convergence of processes for DRR and CCA through policies,plans, strategies, and programs.

关键词： Climate change Climate change adaptation Disaster risk reduction SAARC South Asia

Contemporary role of multi-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of complex renal calculi

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Asian Journal of Urology 2020年第2期7卷 102-109页

作者： Sudharsan Balaji Arvind Ganpule Thomas herrmann ravindra Sabnis Mahesh Desai Department of Urology Muljhibhai Patel Urological HospitalNadiadGujaratIndia Department of Urology Spital Thurgau AG STGAG Kantonspital Frauenfeld and Kantonspital MunsterlingenThurgauSwitzerland

Complex renal calculi remain to be a challenge for the treating urologist due to sheer bulk and the technicalities *** nephrolithotomy(PCNL)remains the treatment modality of choice in dealing with these large and complex *** limiting factor in their treatment continues to be the need for using additional tracts or the use of flexible nephroscopy for complete stone *** systematic review focuses on the need for multi-tract PCNL for complex renal *** literature review was performed using PubMed database using the keywords“multiple tract PCNL”or“multiperc”.We identified original articles published on the usage of multiple tracts for stone clearance in renal calculi between January 2000 to October 2018,and the search was restricted to available literature in English language *** studies with n>20 were included for the final *** analyzed the technical efficacy with respect to the number of tracts and stages that were required for stone clearance,outcomes and complications,especially,procedural bleeding and post-procedure infective complications of multiple-tract PCNL for large burden renal *** is found to be safe,feasible and effective for the management of large burden complex renal calculi with respect to stone clearance and morbidity associated with the *** is cost effective and complete stone clearance as a single procedure is higher in comparison to flexible ureteroscopy and shockwave lithotripsy.

关键词： Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Multiple tract Multiperc Complex renal calculi Surgical management

Sedimentary sources and processes in the eastern Arabian Sea:Insights from environmental magnetism,geochemistry and clay mineralogy

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第2期7卷 253-264页

作者： Kumar Avinash P.John Kurian Anish Kumar Warrier R.Shankar T.C.Vineesh Rasik ravindra Earth System Science Organization National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research(ESSO-NCAOR)Ministry of Earth Sciences(MoES) Department of Marine Geology Mangalore University Earth System Science Organization Ministry of Earth Sciences(MoES)

The spatial distribution patterns of surficial sediment samples from different sedimentary domains （shallow to deep-sea regions） of the eastern Arabian Sea were studied using sediment proxies viz. environmental magnetism, geochemistry, particle size and clay mineralogy. higher concentrations of magnetic minerals （high Xlf） were recorded in the deep-water sediments when compared with the shallow water sediments. The magnetic mineralogy of one of the shallow water samples is influenced by the presence of bacterial magnetite as evidenced from the XARM/Xlf VS. XARM/Xfd biplot. however, the other samples are catchment-derived. The high correlation documented for Xlf, anhysteretic remanent mag- netisation （XARM） and isothermal remanent magnetisation （IRM） with Al indicates that the deep-sea surflcial sediments are influenced by terrigenous fluxes which have been probably derived from the southern Indian rivers, the Sindhu （the Indus） and the Narmada-Tapti rivers. A lower Mn concentration is recorded in the upper slope sediments from the oxygen minimum zone （OMZ） but a higher Mn/AI ratio is documented in the lower slope and deep-sea sediments. Clay minerals such as illite （24-48.5%）, chlorite （14.1-34.9%）, smectite （10.6-28.7%） and kaolinite （11.9-27.5%） dominate the sediments of shallow and deep-sea regions and may have been derived from different sources and transported by fluvial and aeolian agents. Organic carbon （OC） data indicate a low concentration in the shallow/shelf region （well oxygenated water conditions） and deeper basins （increased bottom-water oxygen concentration and low sedimentation rate）. high OC concentrations were documented in the OMZ （very low bottom-water oxygen concentration with high sedimentation rate）. The calcium carbonate concentration of the surface sediments from the continental shelf and slope regions （〈 1800 m） up to the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge show higher concentrations （average - 58%） when compared to deep basin sediments （average - 44%）.

关键词： Magnetic minerals Major elements Organic carbon Calcium carbonate Terrigenous fluxes Eastern Arabian Sea

The clinical outcomes of laser with suction device in mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第1期9卷 63-68页

作者： Abhishek Gajendra Singh Sundaram Palaniappan Shrikant Jai Gopal Tak Arvind Ganpule ravindra Sabnis Mahesh Desai Department of Urology Muljibhai Patel Urological HospitalVirendradesai MargNadiadGujaratIndia

Objective:To evaluate the safety,efficacy and feasibility of laser with suction device in mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy(mini-PCNL).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted including 200 patients who underwent mini-PCNL for renal *** patients underwent PCNL using Electro-Medical Systems *** addition to the laser in 100 patients,a suction device was used(laser with suction[LWS]).In the other 100,suction device was not used(laser with no additional suction[LOS]).Mini-PCNL was performed using standard technique and Karl Storz minimally invasive PCNL-medium system was *** end point was stone ***:Both the groups were comparable in terms of demographic *** stone size was 15.24±5.90 mm and 16.16±5.53 mm in LWS and LOS,*** hounsfield unit of stone was 1285.64 and 1206.79 in LWS and LOS,*** time was less in LWS group(56.89±19.65 min)as compared to LOS(62.01±28.81 min).At one-month follow-up,radiological complete clearance was 96%in LWS and 92%in *** subgroup analysis of stones larger than 18 mm,the clearance rate was in favour of LWS(85.7%vs.100%)and also the need for nephrostomy placement was less in LWS ***:LWS device is safe and efficacious when used with *** stones greater than 18 mm,it has a better stone free rate as compared to using no suction.

关键词： Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy Laser with suction Stone clearance

Radio Frequency Gluing Technique for Wood-to-Wood Bonding: Review

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry 2023年第2期13卷 15-26页

作者： ravindra V. Gadhave Super Bond Adhesives Private Limited Thane India

White glues, also referred to as polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesives, are thermoplastics that soften when heated to a specific degree and re-harden when cooled. For general assembly tasks in the joinery business, such as edge gluing, wood veneer, and edge bonding, white glues have been used. White glue requires a prolonged setting time to achieve adequate handling strength as it solidifies through evaporation or absorption of water by the wood. Cold press and hot press techniques are used to bond wood substrates. Recently, white glue is frequently used as a wood adhesive with dielectric heating systems to prevent this and enhance production speeds. Radio frequency (RF) curing is merely a technique for heating glue lines in wood-to-wood joints. It considered a source of heat, like steam and electricity. In order to bond wood substrates with the least amount of clamping time, the RF produces a very rapid, uniform rise in temperature. In this review paper, we discussed the radio frequency curing technique, their mechanism and troubleshooting to achieve perfect wood bond in joinery segment.

关键词： Radio Frequency Curing Wood Adhesive Polyvinyl Acetate

Comparative Study of Effect of Addition of Calcium Carbonate and Clay on the Performance Properties of Polyvinyl Acetate Wood Glue

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry 2023年第1期13卷 1-13页

作者： ravindra V. Gadhave Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stabilized Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) dispersions-based wood adhesive has poor water and heat resistance. Recently, the addition of fillers in the wood adhesive is one of the most effective ways to enhance the performance of PVAc wood adhesive. Inorganic fillers have unique characteristics to improve the performance of adhesive, such as small size, high surface energy and surface hardness. hence, the present work investigates the applicability of calcium carbonate and clay incorporated 3% in situ emulsion polymerization PVAc wood adhesive. Effect on physical, thermal and mechanical properties was studied by viscosity, ph, contact angle measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and pencil hardness test of films. Emulsions with 3% calcium carbonate and 3% clay were prepared and the shear strength of the applied adhesive on wood was measured. The viscosity of the adhesives was reduced in the case of the addition of calcium carbonate and increased in the case of clay. The mechanical properties like tensile strength of adhesives with calcium carbonate and clay were measured by a universal tensile machine (UTM). Thermal stability was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The tensile shear strength demonstrates that clay can improve bonding strength as compared to calcium carbonate of PVAc adhesive in wet conditions. The hardness of PVAc films was also changed positively by the addition of calcium carbonate and clay. Thermal stability of PVAc was significantly improved as calcium carbonate and clay were added to PVAc. here, we did a comparative study of the effect of the addition of calcium carbonate and clay filler materials in situ polymerization of PVAc on their different properties.

关键词： Polyvinyl Acetate Clay Calcium Carbonate Polyvinyl Alcohol Wood Adhesive

Xanthan Gum—Bio-Based Raw Material for Wood Adhesive

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2023年第2期13卷 153-161页

作者： ravindra V. Gadhave Super Bond Adhesives Private Limited Thane India

Due to their lower environmental impact, ease of accessibility, low cost, and biodegradability, bio-renewable sources have been used extensively in the last several decades to synthesize adhesives, substituting petrochemical-based adhesive. Vegetable oils (including palm, castor, jatropha, and soybean oils), lactic acid, potato starch, and other bio-renewable sources are all excellent sources for the synthesis of adhesives that are being taken into consideration for the synthesis of “eco-friendly” adhesives. Due to their widespread use, accessibility, affordability, and biodegradability, biobased raw materials like carbohydrates used to synthesize wood and wood composite adhesive have gradually replaced petrochemical-based adhesive. Recently, xanthan gum, a naturally occurring polymer, has drawn the interest of scientists as a potentially petroleum source replacement. It possesses specific rheological characteristics, excellent water solubility, and stability to heat, and can be used as a binder, thickener, suspending agent, and stabilizer. Xanthan gum increases the adhesive strength in addition to increasing the viscosity of water-soluble adhesives. This article discusses xanthan gum as a potential substitute for traditional raw materials derived from petroleum that is used as a raw material for adhesives.

关键词： Xanthan Gum Bio-Polymer Adhesive Wood Carbohydrates

Importance of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis to Predict Performance of the Polyvinyl Acetate Wood Adhesives in Summer Season

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry 2022年第3期12卷 93-100页

作者： ravindra V. Gadhave Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India

Conventionally available Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) wood glues are polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stabilized, with drawbacks like poor strength at high humidity, poor strength at high temperature and workability at low-temperature. PVAc is non-resistant to high humidity, and if such adhesive bonds are exploited in a highly humid environment, its strength substantially decreases. Sufficiently water-resistant adhesive bonds are achieved by modifying PVAc dispersion with special chemicals like acrylic acid (AA) and N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) as a co-monomer, Silanes, and ethylene modified PVA. The Lewis acids like aluminium chloride and aluminium nitrate are used as cross-linkers. So PVAc adhesives are classified as reactive and non-reactive glue. Application of non-reactive D1 (as per EN 204-205) and reactive D2 and D3 (as per EN 204-205) adhesives for bonding laminate on plywood is a regular practice in the Indian market. In summer time, Crack formation was seen in laminate bonded with reactive D2 and D3 adhesives in regions where the room temperature was above 45°C. however, if the same laminate substrates were bonded with non-reactive D1, no cracks were seen. To analyse the above phenomenon, we have done Dynamic mechanical analysis of non-reactive D1, reactive D2 and D3 adhesive.

关键词： Polyvinyl Acetate Wood Adhesive Cracking Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

Starch Grafted Water Resistant Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Wood Adhesive: A Review

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Open Journal of Organic Polymer Materials 2022年第2期12卷 17-30页

作者： ravindra Vilas Indubai Gadhave Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India

Global energy issues and the reliance on hydrocarbon resources have resulted in the reduction of petroleum sources, and the focus of the chemical industries has shifted to substitute raw material sources. The major raw materials used in wood adhesives, such as hydrocarbons like polyvinyl acetate, would be gradually replaced by renewable natural polymers. Currently, polyvinyl alcohol has the limitation of petroleum origin, which is non-economical and it will be replaced by biopolymers. Conventionally available wood adhesive emulsions are colloid-like polyvinyl alcohol stabilized. Starch, being a naturally available polymer, has gained interest from researchers for replacing polyvinyl alcohol as a stabilizer. New research on sustainable, economical, biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly starch grafted polyvinyl acetate emulsion that was synthesized by the graft polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer onto starch. however, starch grafted polyvinyl acetate emulsion-based adhesive’s properties, such as poor water resistance, weak adhesion, delayed drying rate and delayed setting speed, have resulted in limitations in its application as a wood adhesive. A detailed review of starch grafting on vinyl acetate and comonomers like acrylamides, and acrylic acid, and the addition of nano-fillers to enhance the water resistance and performance properties of sustainable adhesives has been explained.

关键词： Starch Water Resistance Grafting Polyvinyl Acetate N-Methylol Acrylamide