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Unsuperv.sed intrusion detection system for in-v.hicle communication networks

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第2期5卷 119-129页

作者： Kabilan N v.nayakumar ravi v.Sowmya Center for Computational Engineering and Networking(CEN) Amrita School of Artificial InteligenceAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndia Center for Artificial Intlligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia

In-v.hicle communication has been optimized day to day to keep updated of the *** area network(CAN)is used as a standard communication method because of its efficient and reliable ***,CAN is prone to sev.ral network lev.l attacks because of its lack in security *** methods hav. been introduced to incorporate this in *** proposed an unsuperv.sed method of intrusion detection for in-v.hicle communication networks by combining the optimal feature extracting ability of autoencoders and more precise clustering using fuzzy C-means(FCM).The proposed method is light weight and requires less computation *** performed an extensiv. experiment and achiev.d an accuracy of 75.51%with the ML35o in-v.hicle intrusion *** experimental result,the proposed method also works better for other intrusion detection problems like wireless intrusion detection datasets such as WNS-DS with accuracy of 84.05%and network intrusion detection datasets such as KDDCup with accuracy 60.63%,UNSW_NB15 with accuracy 73.62%and Information Security Center of Excellence(Iscx)with accuracy 74.83%.Ov.rall,the proposed method outperforms the existing methods and av.ids labeled datasets when training an in-v.hicle intrusion detection *** results of the experiment of our proposed method performed on v.rious intru-sion detection datasets indicate that the proposed approach is generalized and robust in detecting intrusions and can be effectiv.ly deployed in real time to monitor CAN traffic in v.hicles and proactiv.ly alert during attacks.

关键词： Controlarea network Intrusiondetection Unsuperv.sed learning Autoencoders Fuzzy C-means

Deep Learning-Based Classification of Rotten Fruits and Identification of Shelf Life

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 781-794页

作者： S.Sofana Reka Ankita Bagelikar Prakash v.nugopal v.ravi Harimurugan Dev.rajan Centre for Smart Grid Technologies School of Electronics EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India Department of Electrical Engineering Dr.B R Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandharPunjab144008India

The freshness of fruits is considered to be one of the essential characteristics for consumers in determining their quality,flav.r and nutritional *** primary need for identifying rotten fruits is to ensure that only fresh and high-quality fruits are sold to *** impact of rotten fruits can foster harmful bacteria,molds and other microorganisms that can cause food poisoning and other illnesses to the *** ov.rall purpose of the study is to classify rotten fruits,which can affect the taste,texture,and appearance of other fresh fruits,thereby reducing their shelf *** agriculture and food industries are increasingly adopting computer v.sion technology to detect rotten fruits and forecast their shelf ***,this research work mainly focuses on the Conv.lutional Neural Network’s(CNN)deep learning model,which helps in the classification of rotten *** proposed methodology inv.lv.s real-time analysis of a dataset of v.rious types of fruits,including apples,bananas,oranges,papayas and ***,machine learningmodels such as GaussianNaïv. Bayes(GNB)and random forest are used to predict the fruit’s shelf *** results obtained from the v.rious pre-trained models for rotten fruit detection are analysed based on an accuracy score to determine the best *** comparison to other pre-trained models,the v.sual geometry group16(v.G16)obtained a higher accuracy score of 95%.Likewise,the random forest model deliv.rs a better accuracy score of 88% when compared with GNB in forecasting the fruit’s shelf *** dev.loping an accurate classification model,only fresh and safe fruits reach consumers,reducing the risks associated with contaminated ***,the proposed approach will hav. a significant impact on the food industry for efficient fruit distribution and also benefit customers to purchase fresh fruits.

关键词： Rotten fruit detection shelf life deep learning conv.lutional neural network machine learning gaussian naïv. bayes random forest v.sual geometry group16

Suitable triggering algorithms for detecting strong ground motions using MEMS accelerometers

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering v.bration 2015年第1期14卷 27-35页

作者： ravi sankar Jakka Siddharth Garg Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology

With the recent dev.lopment of digital Micro Electro Mechanical System （MEMS） sensors, the cost of monitoring and detecting seismic ev.nts in real time can be greatly reduced. Ability of MEMS accelerograph to record a seismic ev.nt depends upon the efficiency of triggering algorithm, apart from the sensor＇s sensitiv.ty. There are sev.ral classic triggering algorithms dev.loped to detect seismic ev.nts, ranging from basic amplitude threshold to more sophisticated pattern recognition. Algorithms based on STA/LTA are reported to be computationally efficient for real time monitoring. In this paper, we analyzed sev.ral STA/LTA algorithms to check their efficiency and suitability using data obtained from the Quake Catcher Network （network of MEMS accelerometer stations）. We found that most of the STA/LTA algorithms are suitable for use with MEMS accelerometer data to accurately detect seismic ev.nts. Howev.r, the efficiency of any particular algorithm is found to be dependent on the parameter set used （i.e., window width of STA, LTA and threshold lev.l）.

关键词： strong ground motion triggering algorithms seismic ev.nt detection MEMS accelerometers STA/LTA based algorithms

Management of distal cholangiocarcinoma with arterial inv.lv.ment: Systematic rev.ew and case series on the role of neoadjuv.nt therapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2689-2701页

作者： Lewis A Hall Duncan Loader Santiago Gouv.ia Marta Burak James Halle-Smith Peter Labib Moath Alarabiyat ravi Marudanayagam Bobby v.Dasari Keith J Roberts Syed S Raza Michail Papamichail Dav.d C Bartlett Robert P Sutcliffe Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liv.r Transplantation University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Institute of Clinical Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The use of neoadjuv.nt therapy(NAT)in distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)with regional arterial or extensiv. v.nous inv.lv.ment,is not widely accepted and ev.dence is *** To synthesise ev.dence on NAT for dCCA and present the experience of a highv.lume tertiary-centre managing dCCA with arterial *** A systematic rev.ew was performed according to PRISMA guidance to identify all studies reporting outcomes of patients with dCCA who receiv.d *** patients from 2017 to 2022 who were referred for NAT for dCCA at our centre were retrospectiv.ly collected from a prospectiv.ly maintained *** characteristics,NAT type,progression to surgery and oncological outcomes were *** Twelv. studies were *** definition of“unresectable”locally adv.nced dCCA was *** studies reported outcomes for 9 patients who receiv.d NAT for dCCA with extensiv. v.scular inv.lv.ment.R0 resection rate ranged between 0 and 100%but without surv.v.l benefit in most *** studies considered either NAT in resectable dCCA or inclusiv. with extrahepatic *** presented case series includes 9 patients(median age 67,IQR 56-74 years,male:female 5:4)referred for NAT for borderline resectable or locally adv.nced *** patients progressed to surgery and 2 were *** patient died at 14 months with ev.dence of recurrence at 6 months and the other died at 51 months following recurrence 6 months *** Ev.dence for benefit of NAT is *** on criteria for uniform definition of resectability for dCCA is *** propose using the established National-Comprehensiv.-Cancer-Network®criteria for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Neoadjuv.nt therapy Arterial inv.lv.ment Locally adv.nced Systematic rev.ew

A Rev.ew on Surface Stress-Based Miniaturized Piezoresistiv. SU-8 Polymeric Cantilev.r Sensors

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第2期10卷 198-238页

作者： Ribu Mathew A.ravi sankar School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE) Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Chennai

In the last decade, microelectromechanical systems(MEMS) SU-8 polymeric cantilev.rs with piezoresistiv. readout combined with the adv.nces in molecular recognition techniques hav. found v.rsatile applications,especially in the field of chemical and biological *** to conv.ntional solid-state semiconductor-based piezoresistiv. cantilev.r sensors, SU-8 polymeric cantilev.rs hav. adv.ntages in terms of better sensitiv.ty along with reduced material and fabrication cost. In recent times,numerous researchers hav. inv.stigated their potential as a sensing platform due to high performance-to-cost ratio of SU-8 polymer-based cantilev.r sensors. In this article, we critically rev.ew the design, fabrication, and performance aspects of surface stress-based piezoresistiv. SU-8 polymeric cantilev.r sensors. The ev.lution of surface stress-based piezoresistiv. cantilev.r sensors from solid-state semiconductor materials to polymers, especially SU-8 polymer, is discussed in detail. Theoretical principles of surface stress generation and their application in cantilev.r sensing technology are also dev.sed. v.riants of SU-8 polymeric cantilev.rs with different composition of materials in cantilev.r stacks are explained. Furthermore, the interdependence of the material selection, geometrical design parameters, and fabrication process of piezoresistiv. SU-8 polymeric cantilev.r sensors and their cumulativ. impact on the sensor response are also explained in *** addition to the design-, fabrication-, and performancerelated factors, this article also describes v.rious challenges in engineering SU-8 polymeric cantilev.rs as a univ.rsal sensing platform such as temperature and moisture v.lnerability. This rev.ew article would serv. as a guideline for researchers to understand specifics and functionality of surface stress-based piezoresistiv. SU-8 cantilev.r sensors.

关键词： SU-8 polymer Surface stress Biological sensor Cantilev.r Chemical sensor Piezoresistor Immobilization

Persuasiv. factors on the bioink printability and cell v.ability in the extrusion-based 3D bioprinting for tissue regeneration applications

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Engineered Regeneration 2023年第4期4卷 396-410页

作者： Dev.ra v.nkata Krishna Mamilla ravi sankar Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyTirupatiAndhra Pradesh 517619India

The extrusion-based bioprinting(EBBP)applications in the medical field tremendously increase due to its v.r-satility in fabricating intricate geometry components with reasonable accuracy and *** bioink and its properties for an EBBP process are crucial in manufacturing parts with significant biocompatibility and *** EBBP demands optimized parameters for obtaining good printability and cell v.ability.A better understanding of the v.rious process parameters is essential for the researcher to optimize the mechanical and biological properties of the printed *** biological,mechanical,and rheological parameters all together need to be ev.luated to enhance the printability of *** article concisely delineates the effect of the rheological and physiochemical parameters on the biological and mechanical properties of the printed *** printing parameters and nozzle geometry,which considerably influence the printability,and shape fidelity of the bioprinted scaffolds are exemplified in ***,the challenges and future aspects of enhancing printability are discussed succinctly.

关键词： Bioprinting Printability Hydrogels Crosslinking

Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Regulator Design for Nonlinear and Unstable Systems Using Negativ. Absolute Eigenv.lue Approach

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第2期7卷 482-493页

作者： ravi v.Gandhi Dipak M.Adhyaru Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)GandhinagarGandhinagar 382355India Department of Instrumentation&Control Engineering Institute of TechnologyNirma UniversityAhmedabad-382481India

This paper introduces a Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy regulator design using the negativ. absolute eigenv.lue(NAE)approach for a class of nonlinear and unstable *** open-loop system is initially embodied by the traditional T-S fuzzy model and then,all closed-loop subsystems are combined using the proposed Max-Min operator in place of traditional weighted av.rage operator from the controller side to lessen the coupling v.rtually and simplify the proposed regulator *** each v.rtually decoupled closed-loop subsystem,the composite regulators(i.e.,primary and secondary regulators)are designed by the NAE approach based on the enhanced eigenv.lue *** Lyapunov.function is utilized to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the ov.rall T-S fuzzy control *** most popular and widely used nonlinear and unstable systems like the electromagnetic lev.tation system(EMLS)and the inv.rted cart pendulum(ICP)are simulated for the wide range of the initial conditions and the enormous v.riation in the *** transient and steady-state performance of the considered systems using the proposed design are analyzed in terms of the decay rate,settling time and integral errors as IAE,ISE,ITAE,and ITSE to v.lidate the effectiv.ness of the proposed approach compared to the most popular and traditional parallel distributed compensation(PDC)approach.

关键词： Eigenv.lue approach nonlinear and unstable systems stability analysis Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy regulator

QoS aware routing and wav.length allocation in optical burst switching networks using differential ev.lution optimization

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Digital Communications and Networks 2018年第1期4卷 3-12页

作者： ravi sankar Barpanda Ashok Kumar Turuk Bibhudatta Sahoo Department of Computer Science & Engineering National Instiute of Technology Rourkela India 769008

The issue of burst losses imposes a constraint on the dev.lopment of Optical Burst Switching （OBS） networks. Heav. burst losses strongly affect the Quality of Serv.ce （QoS） intended by end users. This article presents a QoS aware Routing and Wav.length Allocation （RWA） technique for burst switching in OBS networks. The RWA problem is modeled as a bi-objectiv. Integer Linear Programming （ILP） problem, where objectiv. functions are based on minimizing the number of wav.lengths used and the number of hops trav.rsed to fulfill the burst transmission requests for a giv.n set of node pairs. The ILP model is solv.d using a nov.l approach based on a Differential Ev.lution （DE） algorithm. Analytical results show that the DE algorithm prov.des a better performance compared to shortest path routing, which is a widely accepted routing strategy for OBS networks.

关键词： Burst loss Optical burst switching Quality of serv.ce Routing and wav.length assignmentInteger linear programmingDifferential ev.lution

Characterization of municipal solid waste based on seasonal v.riations,source and socio-economic aspects

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2021年第4期3卷 275-288页

作者： v.nkata ravi sankar Cheela Sudha Goel Michele John Brajesh Dubey Env.ronmental Engineering and Management Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India Sustainable Engineering Group Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia

Municipal solid waste(MSW)generation and characterization are the basic inputs for waste handling and treatment systems *** present research,we performed waste characterization inv.stigations in v.sakhapatnam(India),using a waste characterization methodology by integrating two standard sampling and characterization *** characterization methodology was designed by combining seasonal v.riations,source,and socio-economic ***-based sampling was performed at household(s),dumpster(s),transfer station,and ***-economic-based sampling was performed based on the zone classification of the *** sampling campaigns were conducted to identify the waste composition based on seasonal *** aimed to perform stratified characterization of waste and assess chemical characteristics of the mixed waste fractions to ev.luate waste-to-energy *** indicate that the amount of MSW generated in the city is 1250±100 tons/day,with a generation rate of 0.65 kg/capita/*** on source stratification,organic matter(45.5%±6.5%)is a major component followed by inert *** paper,plastic,and textile components amount to 25%of ov.rall *** seasonal studies,organic matter was higher in pre-monsoon(42%)compared to winter(39%).The moisture content of MSW v.ried between 30%and 35%and v.latile solids between 39%and 43%.The calorific v.lue was determined to be between 5680-7110 kJ/*** the limitations and potential errors associated with sampling and waste *** and thermal conv.rsion treatment alternativ.s for processing,treatment,and handling were *** findings of this research would assist regulatory bodies and city councils to formulate policy directiv.s on waste sampling,characterization,segregation,education,and awareness campaigns.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Waste characterization Source segregation Socio-economic Seasonal v.riation Waste-to-energy