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Exploring nitrogen reduction reaction mechanisms in electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis:A comprehensive review

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 681-697页

作者： Abhishek Umesh shetty ravi sankannavar school of Chemical and Materials science Indian Institute of Technology GoaFarmagudiPonda 403401GoaIndia Department of Chemical Engineering M.S.Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyMSR NagarMSRIT PostBengaluru 560054KarnatakaIndia

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR)holds significant promise as a sustainable alternative to the conventional large-scale Haber Bosch process,offering a carbon footprint-free approach for ammonia *** the process is thermodynamically feasible at ambient temperature and pressure,challenges such as the competing hydrogen evolution reaction,low nitrogen solubility in electrolytes,and the activation of inert dinitrogen(N_(2))gas adversely affect the performance of ammonia *** hurdles result in low Faradaic efficiency and low ammonia production rate,which pose obstacles to the commercialisation of the *** have been actively designing and proposing various electrocatalysts to address these issues,but challenges still need to be resolved.A key strategy in electrocatalyst design lies in understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern the success or failure of the electrocatalyst in driving the electrochemical *** mechanistic studies,we gain valuable insights into the factors affecting the reaction,enabling us to propose optimised designs to overcome the *** review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various mechanisms involved in eNRR on the electrocatalyst *** delves into the various mechanisms such as dissociative,associative,Mars-van Krevelen,lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction and surface hydrogenation mechanisms of nitrogen *** unravelling the intricacies of eNRR mechanisms and exploring promising avenues,we can pave the way for more efficient and commercially viable ammonia synthesis through this sustainable electrochemical process by designing an efficient electrocatalyst.

关键词： Green ammonia synthesis Electrolysis Electrocatalysis Nitrogen reductionreaction Electrochemical reaction pathways Reactionmechanism

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Deep Learning-Based Classification of Rotten Fruits and Identification of shelf Life

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 781-794页

作者： s.sofana Reka Ankita Bagelikar Prakash Venugopal V.ravi Harimurugan Devarajan Centre for smart Grid Technologies School of Electronics EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India school of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India Department of Electrical Engineering Dr.B R Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandharPunjab144008India

The freshness of fruits is considered to be one of the essential characteristics for consumers in determining their quality,flavor and nutritional *** primary need for identifying rotten fruits is to ensure that only fresh and high-quality fruits are sold to *** impact of rotten fruits can foster harmful bacteria,molds and other microorganisms that can cause food poisoning and other illnesses to the *** overall purpose of the study is to classify rotten fruits,which can affect the taste,texture,and appearance of other fresh fruits,thereby reducing their shelf *** agriculture and food industries are increasingly adopting computer vision technology to detect rotten fruits and forecast their shelf ***,this research work mainly focuses on the Convolutional Neural Network’s(CNN)deep learning model,which helps in the classification of rotten *** proposed methodology involves real-time analysis of a dataset of various types of fruits,including apples,bananas,oranges,papayas and ***,machine learningmodels such as GaussianNaïve Bayes(GNB)and random forest are used to predict the fruit’s shelf *** results obtained from the various pre-trained models for rotten fruit detection are analysed based on an accuracy score to determine the best *** comparison to other pre-trained models,the visual geometry group16(VGG16)obtained a higher accuracy score of 95%.Likewise,the random forest model delivers a better accuracy score of 88% when compared with GNB in forecasting the fruit’s shelf *** developing an accurate classification model,only fresh and safe fruits reach consumers,reducing the risks associated with contaminated ***,the proposed approach will have a significant impact on the food industry for efficient fruit distribution and also benefit customers to purchase fresh fruits.

关键词： Rotten fruit detection shelf life deep learning convolutional neural network machine learning gaussian naïve bayes random forest visual geometry group16

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A functional gel polymer electrolyte based on PVDF-HFP/gelatin toward dendrite-free lithium metal batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2790-2799页

作者： Xiaoyi Hu Kangli Liu shijie Zhang Guosheng shao s.ravi P.silva Peng Zhang state Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon and Environmental Materials(CDLCEM) School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute(ZMGI) ZhongyuanzhiguXingyang 450100China Nanoelectronics Center Advanced Technology InstituteUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUK

The leakage of liquid electrolyte and the formation of lithium dendrites pose challenges to safety and stability of lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The appearance of gel polymer electrolyte(GPE)has obviously improved the safety of traditional ***,the limited inhibition of GPE on lithium dendrites is detrimental to the safety of ***,a kind of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)/gelatin(GN)GPE with high ionic conductivity,high-temperature resistance,and flame-retardancy,was prepared by electrospinning and soaking *** the electrospinning network of PVDF-HFP,its affinity to liquid electrolytes,makes this GPE more beneficial to ions transport and the formation of ***,the GN with sol–gel properties,enhances the mechanical property(13.5 MPa)of HFP-GN ***,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs)and density functional theory(DFT)suggest that the attraction of polar groups of GN to Li+can regulate the distribution of Li+and protect Li ***,the application of HFP-GN GPEs to LMBs with cathodes of LiFePO_(4) and LiCoO_(2) deliver excellent electrochemical performances:after 300 cycles,the LiFePO_(4)/HFP-GN GPE/Li battery keeps a low capacity decay rate of 0.09%at 5 C;after 400 cycles at 2 C,the LiCoO_(2)/HFP-GN GPE/Li cell retains a high capacity retention of 74%.This GPE is demonstrated for the application prospect of safe LMBs.

关键词： poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP) gelatin polar groups lithium metal battery lithium dendrite

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Federated Approach for Privacy-Preserving Traffic Prediction Using Graph Convolutional Network

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Journal of shanghai Jiaotong university(science) 2024年第3期29卷 509-517页

作者： LONARE savita BHRAMARAMBA ravi Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering Pune 411044India Department of Computer science and Engineering GITAMViskhapatnam 530045India

Existing traffic flow prediction frameworks have already achieved enormous success due to large traffic datasets and capability of deep learning ***,data privacy and security are always a challenge in every field where data need to be uploaded to the *** learning(FL)is an emerging trend for distributed training of *** primary goal of FL is to train an efficient communication model without compromising data *** traffic data have a robust spatio-temporal correlation,but various approaches proposed earlier have not considered spatial correlation of the traffic *** paper presents FL-based traffic flow prediction with spatio-temporal *** work uses a differential privacy(DP)scheme for privacy preservation of participant's *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first time that FL is used for vehicular traffic prediction while considering the spatio-temporal correlation of traffic data with DP *** proposed framework trains the data locally at the client-side with *** then uses the model aggregation mechanism federated graph convolutional network(FedGCN)at the server-side to find the average of locally trained *** results of the proposed work show that the FedGCN model accurately predicts the *** scheme at client-side helps clients to set a budget for privacy loss.

关键词： federated learning(FL) traffic flow prediction data privacy graph convolutional network(GCN) differential privacy(DP)

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E-voting system using cloud-based hybrid blockchain technology

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Journal of safety science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 102-109页

作者： Beulah Jayakumari s Lilly sheeba Maya Eapen Jani Anbarasi Vinayakumar ravi A.suganya Malathy Jawahar Department of Information Technology Tagore Engineering College Chennai India school of Computer science and Engineering sRM Institute of science and Technology Ramapuram ChennaiIndia Department of Information Technology Jerusalem College of Engineering ChennaiIndia school of Computer science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Center for Artificial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia Leather Process Technology Division CsIR-Central Leather Research Institute ChennaiIndia

With the invention of Internet-enabled devices,cloud and blockchain-based technologies,an online voting system can smoothly carry out election *** pandemic situations,citizens tend to develop panic about mass gatherings,which may influence the decrease in the number of *** urges a reliable,flexible,transparent,secure,and cost-effective voting *** proposed online voting system using cloud-based hybrid blockchain technology eradicates the flaws that persist in the existing voting system,and it is carried out in three phases:the registration phase,vote casting phase and vote counting phase.A timestamp-based authentication protocol with digital signature validates voters and candidates during the registration and vote casting *** smart contracts,third-party interventions are eliminated,and the transactions are secured in the blockchain ***,to provide accurate voting results,the practical Byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT)consensus mechanism is adopted to ensure that the vote has not been modified or ***,the overall performance of the proposed system is significantly better than that of the existing *** performance was analyzed based on authentication delay,vote alteration,response time,and latency.

关键词： E-voting Cloud Blockchain smart contract Consensus mechanism

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An Interactive Operating Demand Response Approach for Hybrid Power systems Integrating Renewable Energy sources

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Protection and Control of Modern Power systems 2024年第3期9卷 174-194页

作者： Abhishek saxena ravi shankar IEEE the Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology PatnaIndia

The increased deployment of renewable energy in existing power networks has jeopardized rotational inertia,resulting in system degradation and *** address the issue,this paper proposes a demand response strategy for ensuring the future reliability of the electrical power *** addition,a modified fuzzy logic control topology-based two-degree-of-freedom(fractional order proportional integral)-tilt derivative controller is designed to regulate the frequency within a demand response framework of a hybrid two-area deregulated power *** test system includes thermal power plants,renewable energy sources(such as wind,parabolic trough solar thermal plant,biogas),and electric vehicle *** adaptively tune the controller’s coefficients,a quasi-opposition-based harris hawks optimization(QOHHO)algorithm is *** effectiveness of this algorithm is compared to other optimization algorithms,and the stability of the system is *** results demonstrate that the designed control algorithm significantly enhances system frequency stability in various scenarios,including uncertainties,physical constraints,and high penetration of renewables,compared to existing ***,an experimental assessment through OPAL-RT is conducted to verify the practicality of the proposed strategy,considering source and load intermittencies.

关键词： Area control error demand response energy storage vertically integrated utility

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Nasogastric tube syndrome:A Meta-summary of case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第1期12卷 119-129页

作者： Deven Juneja Prashant Nasa Gunjan Chanchalani ravi Jain Department of Critical Care Medicine Max Super Speciality HospitalNew Delhi 110017India Department of Critical Care Medicine NMC Specialty HospitalDubai 7832United Arab Emirates Department of Critical Care Medicine Karamshibhai Jethabhai Somaiya Hospital and Research CentreMumbai 400022India Department of Critical Care Medicine Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and HospitalJaipur 302022RajasthanIndia

BACKGROUND since its description in 1790 by Hunter,the nasogastric tube(NGT)is commonly used in any healthcare setting for alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms or enteral ***,the risks associated with its placement are often *** airway obstruction with a NGT is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening *** syndrome is characterized by the presence of an NGT,throat pain and vocal cord(VC)paralysis,usually *** is poten-tially life–threatening,and early diagnosis is the key to the prevention of fatal upper airway ***,fewer cases may have been reported than might have occurred,primarily due to the clinicians'*** lack of specific signs and symptoms and the inability to prove temporal relation with NGT insertion has made diagnosing the syndrome quite *** To review and collate the data from the published case reports and case series to understand the possible risk factors,early warning signs and symptoms for timely detection to prevent the manifestation of the complete syndrome with life-threatening airway *** We conducted a systematic search for this meta-summary from the database of PubMed,EMBAsE,Reference Citation Analysis(https://***/)and Google scholar,from all the past studies till August *** search terms included major MEsH terms"Nasogastric tube","Intubation,Gastrointestinal","Vocal Cord Paralysis",and“syndrome”.All the case reports and case series were evaluated,and the data were extracted for patient demographics,clinical symptomatology,diagnostic and therapeutic interventions,clinical course and outcomes.A datasheet for evaluation was further *** Twenty-seven cases,from five case series and 13 case reports,of NGT syndrome were retrieved from our *** was male predominance(17,62.96%),and age at presentation ranged from 28 to 86 *** patients had diabetes mellitus(37.04%),and nine were hyperte

关键词： Nasogastric tube Nasogastric tube syndrome Ryle’s tube sofferman syndrome Vocal cord paralysis

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secure and resilient improved image steganography using hybrid fuzzy neural network with fuzzy logic

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Journal of safety science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 91-101页

作者： sachin Dhawan Hemanta Kumar Bhuyan subhendu Kumar Pani Vinayakumar ravi Rashmi Gupta Arun Rana Alanoud Al Mazroa Dorset College King George BlvdSurreyBritish ColumbiaCanada Department of Information Technology Vignan’s Foundation for ScienceTechnology and Research(Deemed to be University)Andhra PradeshIndia Krupajal Computer Academy Biju Patnaik University of Technology(BPUT)Rourkela 751002India Center for Artificial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia NsUT East Campus(Formerly AIACTRDelhi 110031India(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Inderaprastha University))Dwarka 110078India Department of Computer science and Engineering Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology Greater Noida 201310Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Information systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University(PNU)P.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia

The exponential growth in communication networks,data technology,advanced libraries,and mainly World Wide Web services has played a pivotal role in facilitating the retrieval of various types of information as ***,this progress has also led to security concerns related to the transmission of confidential ***,safeguarding these data during communication through insecure channels is crucial for obvious *** emergence of steganography offers a robust approach to concealing confidential information,such as images,audio tracks,text files,and video files,in suitable media carriers.A novel technique is envisioned based on back-propagation *** to the proposed method,a hybrid fuzzy neural network(HFNN)is applied to the output obtained from the least significant bit substitution of secret data using pixel value dif-ferences and exploiting the modification *** simulation and test results,it has been observed that the proposed methodology achieves secure steganography and superior visual *** the experiments,we observed that for the secret image of the cameraman,the PsNR&MsE values of the proposed technique are 61.963895 and 0.041361,respectively.

关键词： Image enhancement Image processing steganography Deep learning Fuzzy neural combination

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Advancing orthopaedic trauma care through WhatsApp:An analysis of clinical and non-clinical applications,challenges,and future directions

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 529-538页

作者： ravi saini Madhan Jeyaraman Naveen Jeyaraman Vijay Kumar Jain swaminathan Ramasubramanian Karthikeyan P Iyengar Department of Orthopaedics Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical SciencesDr Ram Manohar Lohia HospitalNew Delhi 110001India Department of Orthopaedics ACS Medical College and HospitalDr MGR Educational and Research InstituteChennai 600077Tamil NaduIndia Department of Orthopaedics Government Medical CollegeOmandurar Government EstateChennai 600002Tamil NaduIndia Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Southport and Ormskirk HospitalsMersey and West Lancashire Teaching NHS TrustSouthport PR86PNUnited Kingdom

The integration of WhatsApp,a widely-used instant messaging application(IMA),into the realm of orthopaedics and trauma surgery has emerged as a significant development in recent *** paper explores the multifaceted role of WhatsApp in orthopaedics,focusing on its clinical and non-clinical applications,advantages,disadvantages,and future *** study synthesizes findings from various research papers,emphasizing the growing reliance on mobile technology in ***’s role in orthopaedics is notable for its ease of use,real-time communication,and ***,it facilitates triage,teleconsultation,diagnosis,treatment,patient advice,and post-operative ***-clinically,it supports telemedicine,teleradiology,virtual frac-ture clinics,research,and education in orthopaedic *** application has proven beneficial in enhancing communication among healthcare teams,providing quick responses,and motivating junior *** use in educational settings has been shown to improve learner’s understanding and patient ***,the use of WhatsApp in orthopaedics is not without *** include the potential spread of misleading information,privacy concerns,and issues with image quality affecting diagnosis and treatment *** paper acknowledges the importance of maintaining professional boundaries and the need for oversight measures to ensure content *** forward,the potential of WhatsApp and similar IMAs in orthopaedics lies in their ability to streamline data collection and retrieval,improve doctor-patient communication,and address challenges like bureaucratic red tape and limited *** paper suggests that future orthopaedic practice,particularly in emergency departments,will increasingly rely on such technologies for efficient patient *** shift,however,must be approached with an understanding of the ethical,legal,and practical implications of integrating social media and mobile

关键词： social media WhatsApp Orthopaedics Trauma Research

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Comparative metabolomics reveal histamine biodegradation mechanism by salt stressed Bacillus subtilis JZXJ-7

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Food science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Rundong Wang Yijia Deng Yuhao Zhang Xuepeng Li ravi Gooneratne Jianrong Li College of Food science and Engineering Bohai University Chongqing Key Laboratory of speciality Food Co-Built by sichuan and Chongqing Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life sciences Lincoln University Lincoln 7647 New Zealand College of Food science southwest University College of Food science and Engineering Lingnan Normal University

Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) JZXJ-7 isolated from shrimp paste can significantly degrade histamine under salt stress but the mechanism is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of 170 and 340 mmol/L NaCl on B. subtilis JZXJ-7 growth， histamine degradation， antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT)， superoxide dismutase (sOD) and glutathione s-transferase (GsT)] activities and Na+， K+-ATPase activity. Furthermore， comparative metabolomics was used to investigate histamine biodegradation mechanism by *** JZXJ-7 subjected to salt stress. Both 170 and 340 mmol/L NaCl promoted B. subtilis JZXJ-7 growth in late stages of reproduction (32 - 48 h)， increased histamine degradation rate by 64.85% and 79.87% (P se activity to 6.28 U/mg (P spectively. NaCl treatment significantly increased the activities of CAT， GsT and sOD (P s and its metabolites (33.39%)， benzene and substituted derivatives (12.05%)， heterocyclic compounds (10.62%)， organic acids and derivatives (9.75%)， aldehydes， ketones， esters (5.59%) and nucleotides and its metabolites (4.58%). Metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed NaCl induced differential metabolic pathways of D-glutamine， D-glutamate， L-arginine， L-proline， histidine and glycerophospholipids， L-lysine degradation， and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Exposure to 340 mmol/L NaCl up-regulated carbohydrate， glutathione and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The new insights into the mechanism of salt stress to promote B. subtilis JZJX-7 growth， energy metabolic pathways and to degrade histamine provide the theoretical basis for application of B. subtilis JZXJ-7 in food fermentation industry.

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