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As-cast and extruded Mg-Zn-Ca systems for biodegradable implants:Characterization and corrosion behavior

Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第3期11卷 1102-1120页

作者： Lara Moreno Endzhe Matykina Kiryl A.Yasakau Carsten Blawert raul Arrabal Marta Mohedano Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040 MadridSpain Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering CICECO-Aveiro institute of materialsUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Institute of Surface Science Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck Strasse 1Geesthacht 21502Germany

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of alloy processing and composition as well as the pH control and testing medium on the in vitro corrosion performance of Mg-Zn-Ca systems for biodegradable *** grain size and secondary phases were analyzed by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray *** kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM)was used to analyze the Volta potential values of the second *** corrosion performance of the three alloys was evaluated by electrochemical and hydrogen evolution methods inα-MEM with and without organic species(*** and inorganicα-MEM).Two strategies were followed to evaluate the influence of the pH on the corrosion behavior:daily solution replacement and CO_(2)flow based pH *** all the materials,the organic medium accelerates the corrosion *** pH maintained by CO_(2)flow through the medium results in considerably higher corrosion rates for all *** impact of pH is lesser on the as-cast alloys due to the barrier effect of the secondary phases,particularly pronounced in the Mg1Zn1Ca alloy which showed the lowest corrosion *** wrought Mg0.5Zn0.2Ca alloy that lacks the refined secondary phase network and exhibits high number of twins undergoes accelerated uniform corrosion under constant pH conditions.

关键词： MgZnCa Magnesium Biomaterials Characterization Corrosion

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Tree ecophysiology in the context of climate change

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 1-5页

作者： Yanbo Hu raul Antonio Sperotto Georgios Koubouris Srđan Stojnić Nacer Bellaloui Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040People’s Republic of China Graduate Program in Biotechnology Life Sciences AreaUniversity of Taquari Valley-UnivatesLajeadoBrazil Graduate Program in Plant Physiology Federal University of PelotasPelotasBrazil Laboratory of Olive Cultivation Institute of Olive TreeSubtropical Crops and ViticultureHellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRALeoforos Karamanli 16773134 ChaniaCreteGreece Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment University of Novi SadAntonaČehova 13dNovi SadSerbia Crop Genetics Research Unit Agricultural Research ServiceUSDA141 Experiment Station RoadStonevilleMS 38776USA

Forest structure and function strongly depend on and concurrently influence environmental *** performance is generally governed by its genetics and environment;thus,recent hotspots in this field include tree genotype×environment,phenotype×environment,and functional trait×environment *** editorial,review,and 22 original research articles in this Special Issue,"Tree ecophysiology in the context of climate change",highlight ecophysiological phenomena(e.g.,climate hormesis,seed germination,tree mortality),processes(e.g.,tree metabolism,photosynthate allocation,nutrient uptake and transport),indicators(e.g.,carbon sequestration,pollutants),measurements(e.g.,thermal time methods,soil quality indices,vegetation spectral index,and near-infrared leaf reflectance),and modeling(e.g.,climate correlations with tree growth,photo synthetic phenology,hydraulic strategies,OliveCan model)in the context of global climate *** forest-environment interactions from an ecophysiological perspective as climate changes provides insights into species fitness in suboptimal environments,species competition for limited resources,and phylogenetic divergence or convergence of species,and predicting species distributions.

关键词： Tree ecophysiology Climate change Climate hormesis Phenology Thermostability Forest resilience Hydraulics

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Catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline medium:Configuring a cooperative mechanism at the Ag-Ag_(2)S-MoS_(2) interface

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第11期31卷 481-488,I0013页

作者： Avraham Bar-Hen Simon Hettler Ashwin Ramasubramaniam raul Arenal Ronen Bar-Ziv Maya Bar Sadan Department of Chemistry Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 8410501Israel Department of Chemistry Nuclear Research Center NegevP.O.Box 9001Beer-Sheva 84190Israel Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas Universidad de Zaragoza50018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon CSIC-U.de ZaragozaCalle Pedro Cerbuna 1250009 ZaragozaSpain Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003United States ARAID Foundation 50018 ZaragozaSpain

Designing electrocatalysts for HER in alkaline conditions to overcome the sluggish kinetics associated with the additional water dissociation step is a recognized challenge in promoting the hydrogen *** this end,delicately tuning the atomic-scale structure and surface composition of nanoparticles is a common strategy and,specifically,making use of hybrid structures,can produce synergistic effects that lead to highly active ***,we present a core-shell catalyst of Ag@MoS_(2)that shows promising results towards the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in both 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4)and 0.5 M *** this hybrid structure,the MoS_(2)shell is strained and defective,and charge transfer occurs between the conductive core and the shell,contributing to the electrocatalytic *** shelling process results in a large fraction of Ag_(2)S in the cores,and adjusting the relative fractions of Ag,Ag_(2)S,and MoS_(2)leads to improved catalytic activity and fast charge-transfer *** suggest that the enhancement of alkaline HER is associated with a cooperative effect of the interfaces,where the Ag(Ⅰ)sites in Ag_(2)S drive the water dissociation step,and the formed hydrogen subsequently recombines on the defective MoS_(2)*** study demonstrates the benefits of hybrid structures as functional nanomaterials and provides a scheme to activate MoS_(2)for HER in alkaline conditions.

关键词： Water splitting Core-shell Catalytic mechanism Electrocatalysis 2D materials

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Photometric and Spectroscopic Studies for Two Magnetic-activity Contact Binaries:V724 And and QR Com

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第11期22卷 51-60页

作者： Shuang Wang raul Meichel Huiyu Yuan Yuangui Yang School of Physics and Electronic Information Huaibei Normal UniversityHuaibei City 235000China Observatorio Astronomico Nacional Instituto de AstronomiaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoApartado Postal 877EnsenadaB.C.22830Mexico

We presented new CCD photometry for two contact binaries,V724 And and QR Com,which were observed during the 2020–2022 observing *** using the Wilson–Devinney method,the photometric solutions were deduced from new observed data and TESS *** asymmetric light curves were modeled by a dark spot on the more massive *** indicate that the starspot may immigrate or disappear on the surface of the active *** the TESS observations of QR Com,it is discovered that the difference between light maxima exhibits a 29.5 day oscillation,which implies the continuous evolution of spot feathers on the timescale of several *** mass ratio and fill-out factor are q=2.308 and f=11.55% for V724 And,and q=0.624 and f=12.77% for QR Com,*** the(O-C)curve,the orbital period secularly decrease at a rate of d P/dt=-1.66×10^(-7)day yr^(-1)for V724 And and d P/dt=-3.98×10^(-7)day yr^(-1)for QR Com,which was interpreted by mass transfer from the more massive component to the less massive *** period decreasing,this kind of shallow-contact binaries,V724 And and QR Com,will evolve into the deep-contact configurations.

关键词： (stars:)binaries:eclipsing stars:fundamental parameters stars:low-mass

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Designing nanocarriers to overcome the limitations in conventional drug administration for Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1743-1744页

作者： Rafael A.García-Muñoz Joseph McConnell Victoria Morales raul Sanz Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology Rey Juan Carlos UniversityMadridSpain Department of Chemical&Process Engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgowUK

Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)have become one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide,and cause enormous pain and suffering for both patients and their *** of the most common NDs include Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease(PD)and Huntington’s disease,among others(Feng,2020).PD is a widespread neurodegenerative disease that affects more than 10 million people worldwide(No author listed,2021).The direct cause of the disease is unknown,but it is characterized by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain in the substantia *** leads to the depletion of dopamine(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine,DA)in the striatum of patients,in addition to the existence of abnormalα-synuclein in nerve cells and the development of toxic protein aggregates in neurons called Lewy bodies,which causes muscle stiffness,slowness of movements and *** is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may be the cause of PD,but the exact reason for the disease is not yet fully understood.

关键词： Huntington degeneration overcome

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Implementation of 2D DomainDecomposition in the UCAN Gyrokinetic Particle-in-Cell Code and Resulting Performance of UCAN2

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Communications in Computational Physics 2016年第1期19卷 205-225页

作者： Jean-Noel G.Leboeuf Viktor K.Decyk David E.Newman raul sanchez Department of Physics University of AlaskaFairbanksAK 99775-5920USA Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Digital Research and Education(IDRE)University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1547USA Departamento de Fsica Universidad Carlos IIILeganes 28911MadridSpain

The massively parallel,nonlinear,three-dimensional(3D),toroidal,electrostatic,gyrokinetic,particle-in-cell(PIC),Cartesian geometry UCANcode,with particle ions and adiabatic electrons,has been successfully exercised to identify non-diffusive transport characteristics in present day tokamak *** limitation in applying UCAN to larger scale discharges is the 1D domain decomposition in the toroidal(or z-)direction for massively parallel implementation using MPI which has restricted the calculations to a few hundred ion Larmor radii or gyroradii per plasma minor *** exceed these sizes,we have implemented 2D domain decomposition in UCANwith the addition of the y-direction to the processor *** has been facilitated by use of relevant components in the P2LIB library of field and particle management routines developed for UCLA’s UPIC Framework of conventional PIC *** gyroaveraging specific to gyrokinetic codes is simplified by the use of replicated arrays for efficient charge accumulation and force *** 2D domain-decomposed UCAN2 code reproduces the original 1D domain nonlinear results within *** of UCAN2 on the Cray XC30 Edison at NERSC demonstrate ideal scaling when problem size is increased along with processor number up to the largest power of 2 available,namely 131,072 *** particle weak scaling benchmarks also indicate that the 1 nanosecond per particle per time step and 1 TFlops barriers are easily broken by UCAN2 with 1 billion particles or more and 2000 or more processors.

关键词： Gyrokinetic simulation particle-in-cell method massive parall

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On the generalized Hermite-based lattice Boltzmann construction, lattice sets, weights,moments, distribution functions and high-order models

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第4期9卷 490-510页

作者： raul Machado Faculty of Engineering and the Environment University of Southampton Southarapton XO171BJ UK

The influence of the use of the generalized Hermite polynomial on the Hermite-based lattice Bofiz- mann （LB） construction approach, lattice sets, the thermal weights, moments and the equilibrium distribution function （EDF） are addressed. A new moment system is proposed. The theoretical possibility to obtain a unique high-order Hermite-based singel relaxation time LB model capable to exactly inatch some first hydrodynamic inoments thermally i） on-Cartesian lattice, ii） with thermal weights in the EDF, iii） whilst the highest possible hydrodynamic moments that are exactly reatched are obtained with the shortest on-Cartesian lattiee sets with some fixed real-valued temperatures, is also analyzed.

关键词： lattice Boltzmann fluid dynamics kinetic theory distribution function

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Trace amine-associated receptors at the cross-road between innate olfaction of amines, emotions, and adult neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1257-1258页

作者： Evgeniya V.Efimova Nataliia V.Katolikova Evgeny V.Kanov raul R.Gainetdinov Institute of Translational Biomedicine and Saint Petersburg University Hospital Saint Petersburg State UniversitySaint PetersburgRussia

Trace amines are the class of endogenous biogenic amines that traditionally include beta-phenylethylamine,p-tyramine,tryptamine,octopamine,and o *** t race amines represent products of amino acids decarboxylation by bacterial decarboxylases during tissue putrefaction or by endogenous decarboxylases in the *** of trace amines by gut microbiota is also known(Berry et al.,2017;Gainetdinov et al.,2018).Thus,trace amines are enriched during the decomposition of proteins and concentrated in certain bodily fluids.

关键词： amines Berry concentrated

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Analyzing Changes in Maize Leaves Orientation due to GxExM Using an Automatic Method from RGB Images

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第2期5卷 239-252页

作者： Mario Serouart raul Lopez-Lozano Gaëtan Daubige Maëva Baumont Brigitte Escale Benoit De Solan Frédéric Baret Arvalis Institut du végétal228route de l’aérodrome-CS 4050984914 Avignon Cedex 9France INRAE Avignon UniversitéUMR EMMAHUMT CAPTE228route de l’aérodrome-CS 4050984914 Avignon Cedex 9France Arvalis Ecophysiology21 Chemin de Pau64121 MontardonFrance

The sowing pattern has an important impact on light interception efficiency in maize by determining the spatial distribution of leaves within the *** orientation is an important architectural trait determining maize canopies light *** studies have indicated how maize genotypes may adapt leaves orientation to avoid mutual shading with neighboring plants as a plastic response to intraspecific *** goal of the present study is 2-fold:firstly,to propose and validate an automatic algorithm(Automatic Leaf Azimuth Estimation from Midrib detection[ALAEM])based on leaves midrib detection in vertical red green blue(RGB)images to describe leaves orientation at the canopy level;and secondly,to describe genotypic and environmental differences in leaves orientation in a panel of 5 maize hybrids sowing at 2 densities(6 and 12 plants.m^(−2))and 2 row spacing(0.4 and 0.8 m)over 2 different sites in southern *** ALAEM algorithm was validated against in situ annotations of leaves orientation,showing a satisfactory agreement(root mean square[RMSE]error=0.1,R^(2)=0.35)in the proportion of leaves oriented perpendicular to rows direction across sowing patterns,genotypes,and *** results from ALAEM permitted to identify significant differences in leaves orientation associated to leaves intraspecific *** both experiments,a progressive increase in the proportion of leaves oriented perpendicular to the row is observed when the rectangularity of the sowing pattern increases from 1(6 plants.m^(−2),0.4 m row spacing)towards 8(12 plants.m^(−2),0.8 m row spacing).Significant differences among the 5 cultivars were found,with 2 hybrids exhibiting,systematically,a more plastic behavior with a significantly higher proportion of leaves oriented perpendicularly to avoid overlapping with neighbor plants at high *** in leaves orientation were also found between experiments in a squared sowing pattern(6 plants.m^(−2),0.4 m

关键词： cultivar spacing pattern

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Quasi-in vivo corrosion behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy with hybrid MWCNTs-PEO/PCL based coatings

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第11期10卷 3217-3233页

作者： Morteza Daavari Masoud Atapour Marta Mohedano Hugo Mora Sánchez Juan Rodríguez-Hernández Endzhe Matykina raul Arrabal Aboozar Taherizadeh Department of Materials Engineering Isfahan University of Technology84156-83111 IsfahanIran Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense28040 MadridSpain Institute of Polymer Science and Technology(CSIC) Polymer Functionalization GroupMadrid 28006Spain

This study investigated the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) and polycaprolactone(PCL) on the quasi-in vivo corrosion behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy treated by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO). Thin(~2 μm, PCTPCL4) and thick(~60 μm, PCTPCL6) PCL layers were applied only onto the MWCNTs-PEO coating(PCT) as it showed better corrosion performance. Findings reveal that incorporation of MWCNTs induced several structural and functional modifications in the PEO coating, such as increased roughness, a thicker inner barrier layer, and reduced ***-in vivo corrosion testing was carried out under controlled temperature, p H, and fluid flow in simulated body fluid(SBF) by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and hydrogen evolution experiments. EIS results revealed that, after 48 h immersion, a diffusion process controlled hydration of the ceramic coatings. Comparison of the collected hydrogen after 15 days of immersion in the quasi-in vivo environment revealed that the PEO and PCT ceramic coatings decreased hydrogen generation by up to 74% and 91%, respectively, compared to non-coated ***6 coating exhibited the lowest amount of collected hydrogen(0.2 m L/cm^(2)). The thick PCL layer delayed the onset of substrate corrosion for at least 120 h, reducing the corrosion rate by 85% compared with the PCT.

关键词： AZ31B Mg alloy Plasma electrolyte oxidation(PEO) Multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) Quasi-in vivo condition Polycaprolactone(PCL)

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