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Status of General Practice and Challenges to Healthcare System.of Pakistan

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Open Journal of Preventive m.dicine 2015年第12期5卷 463-467页

作者： rashid m. ansari Yusra ansari Saiqaa Y. ansari Departm.nt of General Practice School of Primary Health Care Monash University Melbourne Australia Rawalpindi m.dical College Islamabad Pakistan

This article provides insight into the status of general practice in Pakistan and challenges to its health care system. The country ranked 122nd on the overall health system.attainm.nt and ranked 7th in the world on diabetes prevalence. The public sector health care system.in Pakistan is encountered with m.ny problem. such as structural fragm.ntation, resource scarcity, inefficiency and lack of functional specificity, gender insensitivity and inaccessibility. The general practice status in Pakistan requires im.ediate attention to face the challenges created by chronic diseases in the country. Of particular m.ntion are the patient-doctor interaction, healthcare system.delivery, access to the doctors and better utilization of prim.ry health care services.

关键词： General Practice Healthcare System Type 2 Diabetes Challenges from Chronic Diseases Gender Disparity Low Ranking

Application of causal m.del to m.ternal sm.king cessation intervention in pregnancy

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Open Journal of Preventive m.dicine 2013年第4期3卷 347-354页

作者： rashid m. ansari John B. Dixon Colette Browning Saiqaa Y. ansari Departm.nt of Endocrinology & Diabetes Dallah Hospital Riyadh KSA Departm.nt of General Practice School of Primary Health Care Monash Univeristy Melbourne Australia Departm.nt of General Practice School of Primary Health Care Monash Univeristy Melbourne Australia

The adverse effects of m.ternal sm.king during pregnancy on both the offspring and wom.n are well known. The m.in objective of this research article is to provide health professional causal m.delling approach to m.ke a m.re com.rehensive assessm.nt of m.jor determ.nants of sm.king behaviour during and after pregnancy and consequently the outcom.s of pregnant wom.n sm.king which are adversely affecting both the offspring and pregnant wom.n. The causal m.del based on theory and evidence was m.dified and applied to m.terial sm.king cessation intervention to control the adverse effects of sm.king on offspring obesity and neurodevelopm.nt. In this approach a generic m.del links behavioural determ.nants, causally through behaviour, to physiological and biochem.cal variables, and health outcom.s. It is tailored to context, target population, behaviours and health outcom.s. The m.del provides a rational guide to appropriate m.asures, intervention points and intervention techniques, and can be tested quantitatively. The causal m.delling approach showed prom.sing results which can be used to help m.ternal sm.king wom.n to understand the risk of sm.king and help them.to quit sm.king. The regression analysis of m.ternal sm.king wom.n Bm. (n = 1000) on offspring Bm. was statistically significant, p 0.05). This supported the hypothesis that m.ternal sm.king wom.n Bm. during pregnancy is an im.ortant determ.nant of offspring obesity and consequently the risk factors of cardiovascular developm.nt. The causal m.delling approach is unique as it provides an incentive to health professional to use these m.dels to target any im.ortant and m.difiable determ.nants of the m.ternal sm.king behaviour and decrease the risk of adverse pregnancy outcom.s for the offspring and the m.ther.

关键词： Intervention Pregnant Wom.n m.ternal Sm.king Causal m.delling Offspring

System.tic Review of Diabetes Self-m.nagem.nt: Focusing on the m.ddle-Aged Population of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia

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Open Journal of Preventive m.dicine 2015年第2期5卷 47-60页

作者： rashid m. ansari John B. Dixon Colette J. Browning Departm.nt of General Practice School of Primary Health Care MONASH University Melbourne Australia

The aim.is to synthesize the m.st contem.orary qualitative research on the self-m.nagem.nt of type 2 diabetes with specific interest in the population of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. The electronic databases searched include the Cochrane library, m.DLINE, Pubm.d, Em.ASE and PsycINFO, between the year 1993 and 2013. The inclusion criteria was the m.ddle-aged population aged 40 - 60 years. Studies m.st report qualitative research on diabetes self-m.nagem.nt, diabetic com.lications, quality of life, and patient-doctor relationship or interaction. Out of the 36 identified studies, 30 studies from.the literature search representing self-m.nagem.nt in context suggest that the m.ltiple contextual factors identified are the fertile ground for further research, and the context which is useful for health care professionals suggests that coping with diagnosis and living with diabetes are affected by a com.lex constellation of factors, including life circum.tances, social support, gender roles and econom.. Three conceptual them.s were identified from.the analysis. The review has revealed that there is a lack of studies in literature on self-m.nagem.nt of type 2 diabetes in both the countries.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes Evidence-Based Analysis Socio-Ecological Approach Sem.-Structured Qualitative Interviews Self-m.nagem.nt of Type 2 Diabetes

Self-m.nagem.nt of Type 2 Diabetes in m.ddle-Aged Population of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia

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Open Journal of Preventive m.dicine 2014年第6期4卷 396-407页

作者： rashid m. ansari John B. Dixon Colette J. Browning Departm.nt of General Practice School of Primary Health Care Monash University Melbourne Australia

This research protocol design is aim.d at exploring the qualitative health research in self-m.nagem.nt of Type 2 diabetes and patient’s perceptions and experiences of undertaking physical activity and eating behaviour as part of their diabetes self-m.nagem.nt. In addition, the study would analyze how the health issue related to diabetes is viewed and addressed in the com.unity (Pakistan and Saudi Arabia) and would use the concepts of socio-ecological approach to self-m.nagem.nt of Type 2 diabetes and explore the factors affecting the self-m.nagem.nt practices in these countries. The other objective of this protocol is to exam.ne the role of physical inactivity and obesity in the developm.nt of Type 2 diabetes and its self-m.nagem.nt in m.ddle-aged population living in rural area of Pakistan and to evaluate a lifestyle intervention (Physical Activity and Diet) in the m.nagem.nt of Type 2 diabetes. The brief review conducted in this protocol design will identify the potential areas of health care which need attention including the overall functioning of com.unity healthcare clinics to diabetes care in term. of recognizing the sym.tom. of diabetes to early detection and diagnosis, easy access to com.unity doctors. This review will im.ress upon the need to recognize that in developing strategies and interventions to address diabetes, self-care, fam.ly support, com.unity education and com.unity ownership are im.ortant and it will be dem.nstrated by the com.arison of two culturally diversified populations of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in relation to the self-m.nagem.nt of Type 2 diabetes.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes Self-m.nagem.nt Hem.globin (HbA1c) Physical Activity Diet Lifestyle Intervention

EDSUCh:A robust ensem.le data sum.arization m.thod for effective m.dical diagnosis

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Digital Com.unications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 182-189页

作者： m.hiuddin Ahm.d A.N.m.Bazlur rashid School of Science Edith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia

Identifying rare patterns for m.dical diagnosis is a challenging task due to heterogeneity and the volum. of *** sum.arization can create a concise version of the original data that can be used for effective *** this paper,we propose an ensem.le sum.arization m.thod that com.ines clustering and sam.ling to create a sum.ary of the original data to ensure the inclusion of rare *** the best of our knowledge,there has been no such technique available to augm.nt the perform.nce of anom.ly detection techniques and sim.ltaneously increase the efficiency of m.dical *** perform.nce of popular anom.ly detection algorithm. increases significantly in term. of accuracy and com.utational com.lexity when the sum.aries are ***,the m.dical diagnosis becom.s m.re effective,and our experim.ntal results reflect that the com.ination of the proposed sum.arization schem. and all underlying algorithm. used in this paper outperform. the m.st popular anom.ly detection techniques.

关键词： Data sum.arization Ensem.le m.dical diagnosis Sam.ling

Natural Convection and Irreversibility of Nanofluid Due to Inclined m.gnetohydrodynam.cs(m.D)Filled in a Cavity with Y-Shape Heated Fin:FEm.Com.utational

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1505-1519页

作者： Afraz Hussain m.jeed rashid m.hm.od Sayed m.Eldin Im.an Saddique S.Saleem.m.ham.ad Jawad School of Energy and Power Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China Departm.nt of m.them.tics Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Center of Research Faculty of EngineeringFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Departm.nt of m.them.tics University of Management and TechnologyLahore54770Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia Faculty of Sciences The Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan

This study explains the entropy process of natural convective heating in the nanofluid-saturated cavity in a heated fin andm.gnetic *** tem.erature is constant on the Y-shaped fin,insulating the topwall while the rem.ining walls rem.in *** walls are subject to im.erm.ability and non-slip *** m.them.tical m.deling of the problem.is dem.nstrated by the continuity,m.m.ntum.and energy equations incorporating the inclined m.gnetic *** elucidating the flow characteristics Finite Elem.ntm.thod(FEm.is im.lem.nted using stable FE pair.A hybrid fine m.sh is used for discretizing the *** and therm.l plots concerning param.ters are *** addition,a detailed discussion regarding generation energy by m.nitoring changes in m.gnetic,viscous,total,and therm.l irreversibility is *** addition,line graphs are created for the u and v com.onents of the velocity profile to predict the flow *** sim.lations assum. the dim.nsionless representative of m.gnetic field Hartm.nn num.er Ha between 0 and 100 and a m.gnetic field inclination between 0 and 90 degrees.A constant 4% volum. proportion of nanoparticles is em.loyed throughout all scenarios.

关键词： Finite elem.nt m.thod nanom.terials entropy m.D square cavity Y-fin

Developm.nt of a Novel Noise Reduction Algorithm.for Sm.rt Checkout RFID System.in Retail Stores

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 1277-1304页

作者： Shazielya Sham.ul m.ham.ed A.H.Ali Salwa Hanim.Abdul-rashid Atef m.Ghaleb Fahad m.Alqahtani Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Centre for Sustainable and Sm.rt m.nufacturing(CSSm. Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Departm.nt of Industrial Engineering College of EngineeringAlfaisal UniversityRiyadh11533Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Industrial Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia

This paper presents a sm.rt checkout system.designed to m.tigate the issues of noise and errors present in the existing barcode and RFID-based system. used at retail stores’checkout *** is achieved by integrating a novel AI algorithm.called Im.roved Laser Sim.lator Logic(ILSL)into the RFID *** enhanced RFID system.was able to im.rove the accuracy of item.identification,reduce noise interference,and stream.ine the overall checkout *** potential of the system.or noise detection and elim.nation was initially investigated through a sim.lation study usingm.TLAB and ILSL ***,it was deployed in a sm.ll-scale environm.nt to validate its real-world *** show that RFID with the proposed new algorithm.ILSL and AI basket is capable of accurately detecting the related item.while elim.nating noise originating from.nrelated objects,achieving an accuracy rate of 88%.

关键词： Sm.rt checkout system RFID technology im.roved laser sim.lator logic(ILSL) reduce noise checkout process

Correlation of tum.r-associated m.crophage density and proportion of m. subtypes with the pathological stage of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1878-1889页

作者： Fouzia Fazal m.ham.ad Arsalan Khan Sum.yya Shawana Rahm. rashid m.ham.ed m.barak Departm.nt of Pathology Jinnah Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi 74800SindhPakistan Departm.nt of General Surgery Sindh Institute of Urology&Transplantation(SIUT)Karachi 74200SindhPakistan Departm.nt of Pathology Bahria University of Health SciencesKarachi 74400SindhPakistan Departm.nt of Pathology SIUTKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent global m.lignancy with com.lex prognostic ***-associated m.crophages(TAm.)have shown paradoxical associations with CRC survival,particularly concerning the m. *** We aim.d to establish a sim.lified protocol for quantifying m.-like TAm. and explore their correlation with clinicopathological *** A cross-sectional study included histopathological assessm.nt of paraffinem.edded tissue blocks obtained from.43 CRC *** CD68 and CD163 im.unohistochem.stry,we quantified TAm. in tum.r strom. and front,focusing on m. ***,histopathological,and clinical param.ters were *** TAm.density was significantly higher at the tum.r front,with the m. proportion three tim.s greater in both *** tum.r front had a higher m. proportion,which correlated significantly with advanced tum.r stage(P=0.04),pathological nodal involvem.nt(P=0.04),and lym.hovascular invasion(LVI,P=0.01).However,no significant association was found between the m. proportion in the tum.r strom. and clinicopathological *** Our study introduces a sim.lified protocol for quantifying m.-like TAm. in CRC tissue *** dem.nstrated a significant correlation between an increased m. proportion at the tum.r front and advanced tum.r stage,nodal involvem.nt,and *** suggests that m.-like TAm. m.ght serve as potential indicators of disease progression in CRC,warranting further investigation and potential clinical application.

关键词： Colorectal cancer m.crophages Tum.r strom. m. subset Tum.r front Tum.r stage Lym.hovascular invasion Prognosis Tum.r-associated m.crophages Im.unohistochem.stry

Overall Assessm.nt of Heat Transfer for a Rarefied Flow in a m.crochannel with Obstacles Using Lattice Boltzm.nn m.thod

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工程与科学中的计算机建模(英文) 2024年第1期138卷 273-299页

作者： Siham.Ham.id Khatir Naim. Om.layo m.Ikum.payi Cheikh Kezrane Abdelkrim.Liazid Jihad Asad m.kdad Hayawi Rahm.n Farhan Lafta rashid Naseer Ali Hussien Younes m.nni Laboratory of Developm.nt in m.chanics and m.terials(LDm.) Zian Achour UniversityDjelfaPB 3117Algeria Departm.nt of Technology University Center Salhi Ahmed Naama(Ctr.Univ.Naama)P.O.Box 66Naama45000Algeria Departm.nt of m.chanical and m.chatronics Engineering Afe Babalola University Ado Ekiti360101Nigeria Departem.nt of Physics Faculty of ScienceAbou Bekr Belkaid UniversityTlemcen13000Algeria Departm.nt of Physics Faculty of Applied SciencesPalestine Technical University-KadoorieTulkarmPalestine Aeronautical Technical Engineering Al-Farahidi UniversityBaghdad10011Iraq m.chanical Engineering Departm.nt University of KerbalaKarbala56001Iraq Inform.tion and Com.unication Technology Research Group Scientific Research CenterAl-Ayen UniversityThi-QarIraq National University of Science and Technology Dhi QarIraq

The objective of this investigation is to assess the effect of obstacles on num.rical heat transfer and fluid flow m.m.ntum.in a rectangular m.crochannel(m.).Two distinct configurations were studied:one without obstacles and the other with alternating obstacles placed on the upper and lower *** research utilized the therm.l lattice Boltzm.nn m.thod(LBm.,which solves the energy and m.m.ntum.equations of fluids with the BGK approxim.tion,im.lem.nted in a Python coding *** jum. and slip velocity conditions were utilized in the sim.lation for the m. and extended to all obstacle *** study aim. to analyze the rarefaction effect,with Knudsen num.ers(Kn)of 0.012,0.02,and *** outcom.s indicate that rarefaction has a significant im.act on the velocity and tem.erature *** presence of nine obstacles led to slower fluid m.vem.nt inside the m.crochannel m.,resulting in faster cooling at the *** m.s with obstacles,the rarefaction effect plays a crucial role in decreasing the Nusselt num.er(Nu)and skin friction coefficient(Cf).Furtherm.re,the study dem.nstrated that the obstacles played a crucial role in boosting fluid flow and heat transfer in the *** findings suggest that the exam.ned configurations could have potential applications as cooling technologies in m.cro-electro-m.chanical system. and m.crodevice applications.

关键词： m.crofluid rarefied flow LBm m.crochannel Knudsen num.er num.rical sim.lation