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Cache in fog computing design,concepts,contributions,and security issues in machine learning prospective

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第5期9卷 1033-1052页

作者： Muhammad ali Naeem Yousaf Bin Zikria rashid ali Usman Tariq Yahui Meng ali Kashif Bashir School of Science Guangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaoming525000China Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea Department of Information and Communication Technologies Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUnited Kingdom Woxsen School of Business Woxsen UniversityHyderabadIndia Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon

The massive growth of diversified smart devices and continuous data generation poses a challenge to communication *** deal with this problem,communication networks consider fog computing as one of promising technologies that can improve overall communication *** brings on-demand services proximate to the end devices and delivers the requested data in a short *** computing faces several issues such as latency,bandwidth,and link utilization due to limited resources and the high processing demands of end *** this end,fog caching plays an imperative role in addressing data dissemination *** study provides a comprehensive discussion of fog computing,Internet of Things(IoTs)and the critical issues related to data security and dissemination in fog ***,we determine the fog-based caching schemes and contribute to deal with the existing issues of fog ***,this paper presents a number of caching schemes with their contributions,benefits,and challenges to overcome the problems and limitations of fog *** also identify machine learning-based approaches for cache security and management in fog computing,as well as several prospective future research directions in caching,fog computing,and machine learning.

关键词： Internet of things Cloud computing Fog computing Caching Latency

Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimization for Drone Mobility in 5G and Beyond Ultra-Dense Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 3807-3823页

作者： Jawad Tanveer Amir Haider rashid ali Ajung Kim School of Optical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

Drone applications in 5th generation(5G)networks mainly focus on services and use cases such as providing connectivity during crowded events,human-instigated disasters,unmanned aerial vehicle traffic management,internet of things in the sky,and situation awareness.4G and 5G cellular networks face various challenges to ensure dynamic control and safe mobility of the drone when it is tasked with delivering these *** drone can fly in three-dimensional *** drone connectivity can suffer from increased handover cost due to several reasons,including variations in the received signal strength indicator,co-channel interference offered to the drone by neighboring cells,and abrupt drop in lobe edge signals due to antenna *** baseline greedy handover algorithm only ensures the strongest connection between the drone and small cells so that the drone may experience several *** for fast environment learning,machine learning techniques such as Q-learning help the drone fly with minimum handover cost along with robust *** this study,we propose a Q-learning-based approach evaluated in three different *** handover decision is optimized gradually using Q-learning to provide efficient mobility support with high data rate in time-sensitive applications,tactile internet,and haptics *** results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively minimize the handover cost in a learning *** work presents a notable contribution to determine the optimal route of drones for researchers who are exploring UAV use cases in cellular networks where a large testing site comprised of several cells with multiple UAVs is under consideration.

关键词： 5G dense network small cells mobility management reinforcement learning performance evaluation handover management

Simplified mathematical model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on horizon fuel cell stack

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2016年第4期4卷 668-679页

作者： Ibrahim M.M.SALEH rashid ali Hongwei ZHANG Materials and Engineering Research Institute Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK

This paper presents a simplified zero-dimensional mathematical model for a self-humidifying proton exchange membrane(PEM)fuel cell stack of 1 k *** model incorporates major electric and thermodynamic variables and parameters involved in the operation of the PEM fuel cell under different operational *** of each of these parameters and variables upon the operation and the performance of the PEM fuel cell are *** mathematical equations are modeled by using Matlab-Simulink tools in order to simulate the operation of the developed model with a commercial available 1kW horizon PEM fuel cell stack(H-1000),which is used for the purposes of model validation and tuning of the developed *** model can be extrapolated to higher wattage fuel cells of similar *** equation is presented to determine the impact of using air to supply the PEM fuel cell instead of pure oxygen upon the concentration losses and the output voltage when useful current is drawn from it.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane(PEM)fuel cell Activation losses Ohmic losses Concentration losses Cathode-anode model Membrane hydration model

Prediction Models for COVID-19 Integrating Age Groups, Gender, and Underlying Conditions

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 3009-3044页

作者： Imran Ashraf Waleed SAlnumay rashid ali Soojung Hur ali Kashif Bashir Yousaf Bin Zikria Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan-si38541Korea Department of Computer Science King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversityKorea Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUnited Kingdom

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused hundreds of thousands of deaths,millions of infections worldwide,and the loss of trillions of dollars for many large *** poses a grave threat to the human population with an excessive number of patients constituting an unprecedented challenge with which health systems have to *** from many domains have devised diverse approaches for the timely diagnosis of COVID-19 to facilitate medical *** the same vein,a wide variety of research studies have investigated underlying medical conditions for indicators suggesting the severity and mortality of,and role of age groups and gender on,the probability of COVID-19 *** study aimed to review,analyze,and critically appraise published works that report on various factors to explain their relationship with *** studies span a wide range,including descriptive analyses,ratio analyses,cohort,prospective and retrospective *** studies that describe indicators to determine the probability of infection among the general population,as well as the risk factors associated with severe illness and mortality,are critically analyzed and these ndings are discussed in detail.A comprehensive analysis was conducted on research studies that investigated the perceived differences in vulnerability of different age groups and genders to severe outcomes of *** incorporating important demographic,health,and socioeconomic characteristics are highlighted to emphasize their ***,the lack of an appropriated dataset that contains demographic,personal health,and socioeconomic information implicates the efcacy and efciency of the discussed *** are overstated on the part of both exclusion of quarantined and patients with mild symptoms and inclusion of the data from hospitals where the majority of the cases are potentially ill.

关键词： COVID-19 age&gender vulnerability for COVID-19 machine learning-based prognosis COVID-19 vulnerability psychological factors prediction of COVID-19

A Genetic Based Leader Election Algorithm for IoT Cloud Data Processing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 2469-2486页

作者： Samira Kanwal Zeshan Iqbal Aun Irtaza rashid ali Kamran Siddique Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoulKorea School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Information and Communication TechnologyXiamen University MalaysiaSepang43900Malaysia

In IoT networks,nodes communicate with each other for computational services,data processing,and resource *** of the time huge data is generated at the network edge due to extensive communication between IoT ***,this tidal data is transferred to the cloud data center(CDC)for efficient processing and effective data *** CDC,leader nodes are responsible for higher performance,reliability,deadlock handling,reduced latency,and to provide cost-effective computational services to the ***,the optimal leader selection is a computationally hard problem as several factors like memory,CPU MIPS,and bandwidth,etc.,are needed to be considered while selecting a leader amongst the set of available *** existing approaches for leader selection are monolithic,as they identify the leader nodes without taking the optimal approach for leader ***,for optimal leader node selection,a genetic algorithm(GA)based leader election(GLEA)approach is presented in this *** proposed GLEA uses the available resources to evaluate the candidate nodes during the leader election *** the first phase of the algorithm,the cost of individual nodes,and overall cluster cost is computed on the bases of available *** the second phase,the best computational nodes are selected as the leader nodes by applying the genetic operations against a cost function by considering the available *** GLEA procedure is then compared against the Bees Life Algorithm(BLA).The experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms BLA in terms of execution time,SLA Violation,and their utilization with state-of-the-art schemes.

关键词： IoT cloud computing datacenter leader election algorithm machine learning genetic algorithm

Energy and Life Cycle Assessment of Zinc/Water Nanofluid Based Photovoltaic Thermal System

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Energy Engineering 2022年第2期119卷 827-846页

作者： Junaid Khan rashid ali Muzammil Zubair Syed Mohd Yahya SEARL Laboratory Department of Mechancial EngineeringAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India

Cooling the PV surface in a Photovoltaic Thermal system is a pivotal operational aspect to be taken into account to achieve optimized values of performance parameters in a Photovoltaic Thermal *** experimental design used in this study facilitates the flow of varying concentrations of Zn-water nanofluid in serpentine copper tubing installed at the rear of the PV panel thereby preventing the PV surface temperature from increasing beyond the threshold value at which a decrease in electrical efficiency starts to *** fusion of solar thermal with PV devices leads to better electrical and thermal efficiency values resulting in decreased cell degradation over time and maximization of the lifespan of the PV module and the energy output from the PV *** to the superior thermal heat properties of nanofluids,their usage in such systems has become increasingly *** cycle metrics which include Energy Payback period,Energy Production Factor and life cycle conversion efficiency were evaluated for the PVT system by exhaustively chalking fundamental parameters such as embodied energy of the PVT setup and the total energy output from the PVT *** research aims to be a major milestone in the evolutionary journey of Photovoltaic Thermal modules by guiding the engineers working on the theory,design and implementation of PVT systems towards its economic feasibility,environmental impact and energy sustainability.

关键词： Photovoltaic thermal system nanofluids performance parameters life cycle assessment

Blockchain-as-a-Utility for Next-Generation Healthcare Internet of Things

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 359-376页

作者： Alaa Omran Almagrabi rashid ali Daniyal Alghazzawi Abdullah AlBarakati Tahir Khurshaid Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Electrical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

The scope of the Internet of Things(IoT)applications varies from strategic applications,such as smart grids,smart transportation,smart security,and smart healthcare,to industrial applications such as smart manufacturing,smart logistics,smart banking,and smart *** the advancement of the IoT,connected devices become smart and intelligent with the help of sensors and ***,issues and challenges need to be addressed regarding the data reliability and protection for signicant nextgeneration IoT applications like smart *** these next-generation applications,there is a requirement for far-reaching privacy and security in the ***,blockchain systems have emerged as a key technology that changes the way we exchange *** emerging technology has revealed encouraging implementation scenarios,such as secured digital *** a technical advancement,the blockchain network has the high possibility of transforming various industries,and the next-generation healthcare IoT(HIoT)can be one of those *** have been several studies on the integration of blockchain networks and ***,blockchain-as-autility(BaaU)for privacy and security in HIoT systems requires a systematic *** paper reviews blockchain networks and proposes BaaU as one of the *** proposed BaaU-based framework for trustworthiness in the next-generation HIoT systems is divided into two *** rst scenario suggests that a healthcare service provider integrates IoT sensors such as body sensors to receive and transmit information to a blockchain network on the IoT *** second proposed scenario recommends implementing smart contracts,such as Ethereum,to automate and control the trusted devices’subscription in the HIoT services.

关键词： blockchain next-generation IoT privacy and security healthcare IoT complex healthcare applications

Effect of pressure on the electrical properties of flexible NiPc thin films fabricated by rubbing-in technology

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第1期30卷 328-331页

作者： Khasan S Karimov Fahmi F Muhammadsharif Zubair Ahmad M Muqeet Rehman rashid ali GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology TopiDistrict SwabiKPK23640Pakistan Center for Innovative Development of Science and New Technologies of Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan Dushanbe734025 Department of Physics Faculty of Science and HealthKoya University44023 KoyaKurdistan Region-F.R.Iraq Center for Advanced Materials(CAM) Qatar UniversityP.O.Box 2713DohaQatar Department of Electronic Engineering Jeju National UniversityJejuRepublic of Korea

Nickel phthalocyanine(Ni Pc) film was deposited onto the surface of flexible conductive glass by rubbing-in technology and used to fabricate devices based on ITO/Ni Pc/CNT/rubber structure. The I–V characteristics of the devices were investigated under different uniaxial pressures of 200, 280, and 480 gf/cm^(2), applied perpendicular to the surface of the Ni Pc film. Results showed that the nonlinearity coefficients of the I–V curves are in the range of 2 to 3, which was found to be decreased with the increase of the pressure. The rectification ratio of the devices was estimated to be varied from 1.5 to 3 based on the applied pressure. Concluding, the resistance of the active layers was decreased with the increase of both pressure and voltage. We believe that using the rubbing-in technology under sufficient applied pressure it is possible to utilize Ni Pc for the development of various electronic devices such as diodes, nonlinear resistors, and sensors.

关键词： pressure electrical property NiPc thin film rubbing-in technology

A Machine Learning Based Algorithm to Process Partial Shading Effects in PV Arrays

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 29-43页

作者： Kamran Sadiq Awan Tahir Mahmood Mohammad Shorfuzzaman rashid ali Raja Majid Mehmood Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversityKorea Department of Information and Communication Technology School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringXiamen University MalaysiaSepang43900Malaysia

Solar energy is a widely used type of renewable *** arrays are used to harvest solar *** major goal,in harvesting the maximum possible power,is to operate the system at its maximum power point(MPP).If the irradiation conditions are uniform,the P-V curve of the PV array has only one peak that is called its *** when the irradiation conditions are non-uniform,the P-V curve has multiple *** peak represents an MPP for a specific irradiation *** highest of all the peaks is called Global Maximum Power Point(GMPP).Under uniform irradiation conditions,there is zero or no partial *** the changing irradiance causes a shading effect which is called Partial *** conventional and soft computing techniques have been in use to harvest solar *** techniques perform well under uniform and weak shading conditions but fail when shading conditions are *** this paper,a new method is proposed which uses Machine Learning based algorithm called Opposition-Based-Learning(OBL)to deal with partial shading *** studies on different cases of partial shading have proven this technique effective in attaining MPP.

关键词： Maximum power point tracking flower pollination algorithm opposition-based-learning flower pollination algorithm hybridized with opposition based learning