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Collision Observation-Based Optimization of Low-Power and Lossy IoT Network Using Reinforcement Learning

Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 799-814页

作者： Arslan Musaddiq rashid ali Jin-Ghoo Choi Byung-Seo Kim Sung-Won Kim Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan-si8541South Korea School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006South Korea Department of Software and Communications Engineering Hongik UniversitySeoul30016South Korea

The Internet of Things(IoT)has numerous applications in every domain,e.g.,smart cities to provide intelligent services to sustainable *** next-generation of IoT networks is expected to be densely deployed in a resource-constrained and lossy *** densely deployed nodes producing radically heterogeneous traffic pattern causes congestion and collision in the *** the medium access control(MAC)layer,mitigating channel collision is still one of the main challenges of future IoT ***,the standardized network layer uses a ranking mechanism based on hop-counts and expected transmission counts(ETX),which often does not adapt to the dynamic and lossy environment and impact *** ranking mechanism also requires large control overheads to update rank *** resource-constrained IoT devices operating in a low-power and lossy network(LLN)environment need an efficient solution to handle these *** learning(RL)algorithms like Q-learning are recently utilized to solve learning problems in LLNs devices like ***,in this paper,an RL-based optimization of dense LLN IoT devices with heavy heterogeneous traffic is *** proposed protocol learns the collision information from the MAC layer and makes an intelligent decision at the network *** proposed protocol also enhances the operation of the trickle timer algorithm.A Q-learning model is employed to adaptively learn the channel collision probability and network layer ranking states with accumulated reward *** on a simulation using Contiki 3.0 Cooja,the proposed intelligent scheme achieves a lower packet loss ratio,improves throughput,produces lower control overheads,and consumes less energy than other state-of-the-art mechanisms.

关键词： Internet of Things RPL MAC protocols reinforcement learning Q-learning

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Tailoring microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with novel Al/CuFe multi-layered core-shell particles

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第6期32卷 1822-1833页

作者： rashid ali Fahad ali Aqib ZAHOOR Rub Nawaz SHAHID Naeem ul Haq TARIQ Zafar IQBAL Adnan Qayyum BUTT Saad ULLAH Hasan Bin AWAIS Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences(PIEAS)IslamabadPakistan Materials Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology(PINSTECH)IslamabadPakistan

Aluminum matrix composites(AMCs), reinforced with novel pre-synthesized Al/Cu Fe multi-layered coreshell particles, were fabricated by different consolidation techniques to investigate their effect on microstructure and mechanical properties. To synthesize multi-layered Al/Cu Fe core-shell particles, Cu and Fe layers were deposited on Al powder particles by galvanic replacement and electroless plating method, respectively. The core-shell powder and sintered compacts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX), pycnometer, microhardness and compression tests. The results revealed that a higher extent of interfacial reactions, due to the transformation of the deposited layer into intermetallic phases in spark plasma sintered composite, resulted in high relative density(99.26%), microhardness(165 HV0.3) and strength(572 MPa). Further, the presence of un-transformed Cu in the shell structure of hot-pressed composite resulted in the highest fracture strain(20.4%). The obtained results provide stronger implications for tailoring the microstructure of AMCs through selecting appropriate sintering paths to control mechanical properties.

关键词： core-shell reinforcement aluminum matrix composites electroless plating sintering techniques spark plasma sintering interfacial reaction

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Modeling the dynamical behavior of the interaction of T-cells and human immunodeficiency virus with saturated incidence

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 1-14页

作者： Salah Boulaaras rashid Jan Amin Khan ali Allahem Imtiaz Ahmad Salma Bahramand Department of Mathematics College of ScienceQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia Institute of Energy Infrastructure(IEI) Department of Civil EngineeringCollege of EngineeringUniversiti Tenaga Nasional(UNITEN)Putrajaya CampusJalan IKRAM-UNITEN43000 KajangSelangorMalaysia Department of Mathematics University of SwabiSwabi 23561Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of SciencesQassim UniversitySaudi Arabia Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy(IICE) Universiti Tenaga NasionalKajangSelangorMalaysia Department of Political Science Bacha Khan University CharsaddaCharsadda 24420KPK Pakistan

In the last forty years,the rise of HIV has undoubtedly become a major concern in the field of public health,imposing significant economic burdens on affected ***,it becomes imperative to undertake comprehensive investigations into the mechanisms governing the dissemination of HIV within the human *** this work,we have devised a mathematical model that elucidates the intricate interplay between CD4^(+)T-cells and viruses of HIV,employing the principles of fractional *** production rate of CD4^(+)T-cells,like other immune cells depends on certain factors such as age,health status,and the presence of infections or ***,we incorporate a variable source term in the dynamics of HIV infection with a saturated incidence rate to enhance the precision of our *** introduce the fundamental concepts of fractional operators as a means of scrutinizing the proposed HIV *** facilitate a deeper understanding of our system,we present an iterative scheme that elucidates the trajectories of the solution pathways of the *** show the time series analysis of our model through numerical findings to conceptualize and understand the key factors of the *** addition to this,we present the phase portrait and the oscillatory behavior of the system with the variation of different input *** information can be utilized to predict the long-term behavior of the system,including whether it will converge to a steady state or exhibit periodic or chaotic oscillations.

关键词： HIV infection fractional-calculus dynamics of HIV iterative scheme dynamical behaviour mathematical model fractional derivatives

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The role of green industrial transformation in mitigating carbon emissions:Exploring the channels of technological innovation and environmental regulation

Energy and Built Environment

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第3期5卷 464-479页

作者： Saima Mehmood Khalid Zaman Shiraz Khan Zohaib ali Haroon ur rashid Khan Department of Economics The University of HaripurHaripurKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620Pakistan Department of Management Sciences The University of HaripurHaripurKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620Pakistan Department of Energy and Process Engineering(EPT) Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyHøgskoleringen 1Trondheim 7034Norway Faculty of Business The University of Wollongong in DubaiDubai 20183United Arab Emirates

The industrial sector is vital to economic progress,yet industrial pollution poses environmental and economic *** purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of green industrial transformation in re-ducing Pakistan’s carbon intensity between 1975 and *** emissions are considered an endogenous construct,while foreign direct investment(FDI)inflows,technological innovation,green industrial transforma-tion,environmental legislation,and research and development(R&D)investment are possible *** association between variables is assessed using the robust least-squares *** industrial transforma-tion is connected with lower carbon emissions,yet technical innovation,R&D investment,and inbound FDI raise a country’s carbon *** findings support the pollution haven hypothesis in a *** causality esti-mates indicate that inward FDI contributes to environmental regulations;green industrial transformation directly relates to inbound FDI and R&D expenditures;and technological innovations correspond to inbound FDI,R&D ex-penditures,industrial ecofriendly progression,and environmental *** to the impulse response function,environmental policies are anticipated to have a differential effect on carbon emissions in 2023,2024,2028-2030,while they are likely to decrease in the years 2025-2027 and 2031 ***,inward FDI and technology advancements would almost certainly result in a rise in carbon emissions over *** industrial transitions are projected to result in a ten-year reduction in carbon *** variance decomposi-tion analysis indicates that eco-friendly industrial adaptations would likely have the largest variance error shock on carbon emissions(11.747%),followed by inbound FDI,technological advancements,and regulatory changes,with R&D spending having a minimal impact over ***’s economy should foster a green industrial revolution to avoid pollution and increase environm

关键词： Carbon intensity Industrial green transformation Environmental regulations Technological innovations Robust least squares regression

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Wavelet Optimized Adaptive Mesh for MHD Flow Problems

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第2期3卷 127-134页

作者： Bani Singh Anuj Bhardwaj rashid ali Department of Mathematics Vishveshwarya Institute of Engineering & Technology G. B. Nagar India Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida India

There are many problems in science and engineering where the solution shows a boundary layer character. Near the boundary the gradient is large in contrast with the smooth behaviour in the central core. A uniform grid is, therefore, not suitable for a numerical solution. MHD flow problems belong to this category where a velocity and induced magnetic field profiles get flattened in a transverse flow. In the present paper an optimized grid has been generated using interpo-lating wavelets. The results are compared with those obtained using uniform grid, the finite element method and also from the analytical solution.

关键词： MHD Flow Interpolating Wavelet Adaptive Mesh

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Levels of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Cobalt (Co) in Cow Milk from Selected Areas of Zanzibar Island, Tanzania

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2023年第7期14卷 287-304页

作者： Hassan rashid ali Mwanahija Mohamed Ame Mohammed ali Sheikh Said Suleiman Bakari School of Natural and Social Sciences The State University of Zanzibar Zanzibar Tanzania Tropical Research Centre for Oceanography Environment and Natural Resources The State University of Zanzibar Zanzibar Tanzania

Milk is one of the very important nutrients of human diet. The presence of toxic elements in milk may threaten the public health. This study reports the levels of Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co) and Lead (Pb) in raw cow’s milk collected from different areas of Zanzibar Island during March - May 2016. The samples of raw milk were analyzed by Thermo Scientific-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for quantitative determination of the metals in the matrix. The concentration of Co in this study ranged from ND at Mwanakwerekwe (MK1 and MK2) to a maximum of 0.004 mg/L at Mshelishelini (MS5) and Fuoni (F5) sites with mean concentration of 0.020 ± 0.003 mg/L for all sites. Concentration of Pb ranged between 0.05 - 0.51 mg/L at Fuoni (F7) and Mwanakwerekwe (MK1) respectively, with mean concentration of 0.263 ± 0.031 mg/L for all sites. However, Cd was only detected in one sample collected at Fuoni (F3) with a concentration of 0.001 mg/L. The results revealed that cow’s milk is contaminated with toxic metals, particularly Pb which exceeded the WHO maximum permissible level of 0.02 mg/L. The study furthermore sheds light on possible consequences to public health. It is recommended that, stakeholders especially in Zanzibar such as Zanzibar Food and Drug Authorities (ZFDA) and Zanzibar Bureau of Standards (ZBS) as well as researchers, use the findings of this study for policy making, future study plans, formulation of technical strategies to control milk contamination, risk assessment and develop new alternative methods to measure milk contamination even at a low detection limit for the sake of the consumers’ welfare before posing any serious effects to their health.

关键词： Milk Cobalt Lead Cadmium Zanzibar

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Environmental Impact of High Altitudes on the Operation of PEM Fuel Cell Based UAS

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Energy and Power Engineering 2018年第3期10卷 87-105页

作者： Ibrahim M. Saleh rashid ali Hongwei Zhang Materials and Engineering Research Institute Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK Faculty of Engineering Environment and Computing Coventry University Coventry UK

Fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy in the reactants into the electrical energy after steps of sequential electrochemical processes with no significant impact on the environment. For high altitude long endurance (HALE) of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) where fuel cell operates as a prime source of power, the operation and performance of a PEM fuel cell at different level of altitudes is vitally important. In this paper, the impact of direct using extracted air from high altitudes atmosphere in order to feed the stack is investigated, and the governing equations of the supplied air and oxygen to the PEM fuel cell stack are developed. The impact of high altitudes upon the operation and the consumption of air are determined in order to maintain certain level of delivered power to the load. Also the implications associated with operating the PEM fuel cell stack at high altitudes and different technical solutions are proposed. Various modes of Integral, Proportional-Integral, and Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller are introduced and examined for different time setting responses in order to determine the most adequate trade-off choice between fast response and reactants consumption which provides the necessary optimization of the air consumption for the developed model of PEM fuel cell used for UAS operation.

关键词： PEM Fuel Cell High Altitude Long Endurance PID Controller UAS

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Experimental Testing and Validation of the Mathematical Model for a Self-Humidifying PEM Fuel Cell

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2018年第4期6卷 202-218页

This paper presents an experimental testing and validation results for a zero-dimensional self-humidifying PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell stack. The model incorporates major electric and thermodynamic variables and parameters involved in the operation of the PEM fuel cell under different operational conditions. The mathematical equations are modelled by using Matlab-Simulink tools in order to simulate the operation of the developed model with a commercially available 1 kW Horizon (H-1000) PEM fuel cell stack, which is used for the purposes of model validation and tuning of the developed model. The model is mathematically modelled and presented in the recent published work of authors. The observations from model simulations provide sufficient evidence and support to the results and observations obtained from testing 1 kW Horizon (H-1000) PEM fuel cell stack used in this research. The developed model can be used as a generic model and simulation platform for a self-humidifying PEM fuel cell with an output power varying from 50 W to 1 kW, with extrapolation to higher powers is also possible.

关键词： PEM Fuel Cell Self-Humidifying Modelling Simulation

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CALL FOR PAPERS: Special Issue on Distributed Next Generation 5G Data Networks

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2021年第1期2卷 84-85页

作者： Korhan Cengiz rashid ali Sedat Akleylek Jaroslav Frnda Trakya University Turkey Sejong University Republic of Korea On Dokuz Mayis University Turkey University of Zilina Slovakia

Special Issue on Distributed Next Generation 5G Data Networks Introduction of the special issue:The eminent growth in connected devices technologies,like the Internet of Things(IoT),5th generation(5G)and beyond communication systems,lead to innovations for human *** uninterrupted data communication services play diverse roles in the mobile user’s routine *** various changing user group patterns are unpredictable due to the day-by-day up-gradation of user *** though the existing telecommunication services have upgraded up to 5G with high performance distributed computing(HPDC)in the distributed data networks(DDN)for ultra-reliable and low latency communication(URLLC)services,yet the backend distributed database systems(DDS)are facing serious security and privacy issues due to lack of federated intelligence in the data ***,we have seen an increased focus and effort by users and policymakers toward enhancing security and privacy related to the collection and usage of the data in *** it comes to the intelligence using machine/deep learning(ML/DL)of the HPDC systems for security and privacy,enough dataset is required,which often includes personal user information to train ML/DL *** data privacy and security represents a growing critical concern,given the above-mentioned new areas of legislation and policies,novel ML methodologies like federated learning(FL)have been developed in part to address these concerns.

关键词： services DDN mentioned

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Design and Implementation of Mobile Portal for Kenyan Pastoralists

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2017年第12期10卷 884-890页

作者： rashid ali Damaris J. N. Odero Edna Milgo Department of Information Technology School of Information Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya

A mobile portal is an internet gateway that provides online services primarily accessed via mobiles and other handheld devices. Mobile portals are part of web 3.0 that is starting to revolutionize online services. Such portals can help pastoralists in Kenya access essential information and marketing services online. The aim of the study was to design and implement a mobile portal that will help Kenyan pastoralists improve their yields. The study adopted systems development life cycle (SDLC) methodology to design, implement and test the portal and used structured interviews and observation to collect user requirements. The portal was coded in J2ME, JSP and SQL languages and developed using Java Development Kit (JDK), Sun Wireless Toolkit, Lightweight User Interface Toolkit (LWUIT), Struts, Tomcat and MySQL. The outcome of the study was the mobile portal successfully developed, tested and deployed.

关键词： Mobile Portal Portal J2ME Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Pastoralists

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