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Cache in fog computing design,concepts,contributions,and security issues in machine learning prospective

Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第5期9卷 1033-1052页

作者： Muhammad ali Naeem Yousaf Bin Zikria rashid ali Usman Tariq Yahui Meng ali Kashif Bashir School of Science Guangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaoming525000China Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea Department of Information and Communication Technologies Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUnited Kingdom Woxsen School of Business Woxsen UniversityHyderabadIndia Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon

The massive growth of diversified smart devices and continuous data generation poses a challenge to communication architectures.To deal with this problem,communication networks consider fog computing as one of promising technologies that can improve overall communication performance.It brings on-demand services proximate to the end devices and delivers the requested data in a short time.Fog computing faces several issues such as latency,bandwidth,and link utilization due to limited resources and the high processing demands of end devices.To this end,fog caching plays an imperative role in addressing data dissemination issues.This study provides a comprehensive discussion of fog computing,Internet of Things(IoTs)and the critical issues related to data security and dissemination in fog computing.Moreover,we determine the fog-based caching schemes and contribute to deal with the existing issues of fog computing.Besides,this paper presents a number of caching schemes with their contributions,benefits,and challenges to overcome the problems and limitations of fog computing.We also identify machine learning-based approaches for cache security and management in fog computing,as well as several prospective future research directions in caching,fog computing,and machine learning.

关键词： Internet of things Cloud computing Fog computing Caching Latency

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Energy and Life Cycle Assessment of Zinc/Water Nanofluid Based Photovoltaic Thermal System

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Energy Engineering 2022年第2期119卷 827-846页

作者： Junaid Khan rashid ali Muzammil Zubair Syed Mohd Yahya SEARL Laboratory Department of Mechancial EngineeringAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India

Cooling the PV surface in a Photovoltaic Thermal system is a pivotal operational aspect to be taken into account to achieve optimized values of performance parameters in a Photovoltaic Thermal System.The experimental design used in this study facilitates the flow of varying concentrations of Zn-water nanofluid in serpentine copper tubing installed at the rear of the PV panel thereby preventing the PV surface temperature from increasing beyond the threshold value at which a decrease in electrical efficiency starts to occur.This fusion of solar thermal with PV devices leads to better electrical and thermal efficiency values resulting in decreased cell degradation over time and maximization of the lifespan of the PV module and the energy output from the PV system.Due to the superior thermal heat properties of nanofluids,their usage in such systems has become increasingly widespread.Life cycle metrics which include Energy Payback period,Energy Production Factor and life cycle conversion efficiency were evaluated for the PVT system by exhaustively chalking fundamental parameters such as embodied energy of the PVT setup and the total energy output from the PVT system.This research aims to be a major milestone in the evolutionary journey of Photovoltaic Thermal modules by guiding the engineers working on the theory,design and implementation of PVT systems towards its economic feasibility,environmental impact and energy sustainability.

关键词： Photovoltaic thermal system nanofluids performance parameters life cycle assessment

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Wave propagation in parallel-plate waveguides filled with nonlinear left-handed material

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第1期20卷 346-351页

作者： Burhan Zamir rashid ali Department of Physics University of the PunjabQuaid-i-Azam CampusLahore-54590Pakistan

A theoretical investigation of field components for transverse electric mode in the parallel-plate waveguides has been studied. In this analysis two different types of waveguide structures have been discussed, i.e., （a） normal good/perfect conducting parallel-plate waveguide filled with nonlinear left-handed material and （b） high-temperature-superconducting parallel-plate waveguide filled with nonlinear left-handed material. The dispersion relations of transverse electric mode have also been discussed for these two types of waveguide structures.

关键词： waveguides wave propagation left-handed materials

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Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimization for Drone Mobility in 5G and Beyond Ultra-Dense Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 3807-3823页

作者： Jawad Tanveer Amir Haider rashid ali Ajung Kim School of Optical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

Drone applications in 5th generation(5G)networks mainly focus on services and use cases such as providing connectivity during crowded events,human-instigated disasters,unmanned aerial vehicle traffic management,internet of things in the sky,and situation awareness.4G and 5G cellular networks face various challenges to ensure dynamic control and safe mobility of the drone when it is tasked with delivering these services.The drone can fly in three-dimensional space.The drone connectivity can suffer from increased handover cost due to several reasons,including variations in the received signal strength indicator,co-channel interference offered to the drone by neighboring cells,and abrupt drop in lobe edge signals due to antenna nulls.The baseline greedy handover algorithm only ensures the strongest connection between the drone and small cells so that the drone may experience several handovers.Intended for fast environment learning,machine learning techniques such as Q-learning help the drone fly with minimum handover cost along with robust connectivity.In this study,we propose a Q-learning-based approach evaluated in three different scenarios.The handover decision is optimized gradually using Q-learning to provide efficient mobility support with high data rate in time-sensitive applications,tactile internet,and haptics communication.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively minimize the handover cost in a learning environment.This work presents a notable contribution to determine the optimal route of drones for researchers who are exploring UAV use cases in cellular networks where a large testing site comprised of several cells with multiple UAVs is under consideration.

关键词： 5G dense network small cells mobility management reinforcement learning performance evaluation handover management

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Prediction Models for COVID-19 Integrating Age Groups, Gender, and Underlying Conditions

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 3009-3044页

作者： Imran Ashraf Waleed SAlnumay rashid ali Soojung Hur ali Kashif Bashir Yousaf Bin Zikria Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan-si38541Korea Department of Computer Science King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversityKorea Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUnited Kingdom

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused hundreds of thousands of deaths,millions of infections worldwide,and the loss of trillions of dollars for many large economies.It poses a grave threat to the human population with an excessive number of patients constituting an unprecedented challenge with which health systems have to cope.Researchers from many domains have devised diverse approaches for the timely diagnosis of COVID-19 to facilitate medical responses.In the same vein,a wide variety of research studies have investigated underlying medical conditions for indicators suggesting the severity and mortality of,and role of age groups and gender on,the probability of COVID-19 infection.This study aimed to review,analyze,and critically appraise published works that report on various factors to explain their relationship with COVID-19.Such studies span a wide range,including descriptive analyses,ratio analyses,cohort,prospective and retrospective studies.Various studies that describe indicators to determine the probability of infection among the general population,as well as the risk factors associated with severe illness and mortality,are critically analyzed and these ndings are discussed in detail.A comprehensive analysis was conducted on research studies that investigated the perceived differences in vulnerability of different age groups and genders to severe outcomes of COVID-19.Studies incorporating important demographic,health,and socioeconomic characteristics are highlighted to emphasize their importance.Predominantly,the lack of an appropriated dataset that contains demographic,personal health,and socioeconomic information implicates the efcacy and efciency of the discussed methods.Results are overstated on the part of both exclusion of quarantined and patients with mild symptoms and inclusion of the data from hospitals where the majority of the cases are potentially ill.

关键词： COVID-19 age&gender vulnerability for COVID-19 machine learning-based prognosis COVID-19 vulnerability psychological factors prediction of COVID-19

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Simplified mathematical model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on horizon fuel cell stack

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2016年第4期4卷 668-679页

作者： Ibrahim M.M.SALEH rashid ali Hongwei ZHANG Materials and Engineering Research Institute Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK

This paper presents a simplified zero-dimensional mathematical model for a self-humidifying proton exchange membrane(PEM)fuel cell stack of 1 k W.The model incorporates major electric and thermodynamic variables and parameters involved in the operation of the PEM fuel cell under different operational conditions.Influence of each of these parameters and variables upon the operation and the performance of the PEM fuel cell are investigated.The mathematical equations are modeled by using Matlab-Simulink tools in order to simulate the operation of the developed model with a commercial available 1kW horizon PEM fuel cell stack(H-1000),which is used for the purposes of model validation and tuning of the developed model.The model can be extrapolated to higher wattage fuel cells of similar arrangements.New equation is presented to determine the impact of using air to supply the PEM fuel cell instead of pure oxygen upon the concentration losses and the output voltage when useful current is drawn from it.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane(PEM)fuel cell Activation losses Ohmic losses Concentration losses Cathode-anode model Membrane hydration model

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新型Al/CuFe多层核壳颗粒增强铝基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第6期32卷 1822-1833页

作者： rashid ali Fahad ali Aqib ZAHOOR Rub Nawaz SHAHID Naeem ul Haq TARIQ Zafar IQBAL Adnan Qayyum BUTT Saad ULLAH Hasan Bin AWAIS Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences(PIEAS)IslamabadPakistan Materials Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology(PINSTECH)IslamabadPakistan

采用不同烧结工艺制备新型Al/Cu Fe多层核壳颗粒增强铝基复合材料(AMCs),研究其对显微组织和力学性能的影响。分别采用电置换法和化学镀法在铝粉颗粒上沉积Cu层和Fe层,制备多层Al/Cu Fe核壳颗粒。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SE... 详细信息

采用不同烧结工艺制备新型Al/Cu Fe多层核壳颗粒增强铝基复合材料(AMCs),研究其对显微组织和力学性能的影响。分别采用电置换法和化学镀法在铝粉颗粒上沉积Cu层和Fe层,制备多层Al/Cu Fe核壳颗粒。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)/能谱(EDX)、密度计、显微硬度和压缩试验等方法对复合材料进行表征。结果表明,在放电等离子烧结复合材料中,由于沉积层向金属间化合物相转变,界面反应程度提高,复合材料的相对密度(99.26%)、显微硬度(165 HV0.3)和强度(572 MPa)均显著提高。此外,热压复合材料壳层结构中存在的未转化Cu导致其断裂应变最高(20.4%)。研究结果对通过选择合适的烧结路径来调整AMCs的显微组织和控制其力学性能具有重要意义。

关键词：核壳增强相铝基复合材料化学镀烧结工艺放电等离子烧结界面反应

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A Genetic Based Leader Election Algorithm for IoT Cloud Data Processing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 2469-2486页

作者： Samira Kanwal Zeshan Iqbal Aun Irtaza rashid ali Kamran Siddique Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoulKorea School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Information and Communication TechnologyXiamen University MalaysiaSepang43900Malaysia

In IoT networks,nodes communicate with each other for computational services,data processing,and resource sharing.Most of the time huge data is generated at the network edge due to extensive communication between IoT devices.So,this tidal data is transferred to the cloud data center(CDC)for efficient processing and effective data storage.In CDC,leader nodes are responsible for higher performance,reliability,deadlock handling,reduced latency,and to provide cost-effective computational services to the users.However,the optimal leader selection is a computationally hard problem as several factors like memory,CPU MIPS,and bandwidth,etc.,are needed to be considered while selecting a leader amongst the set of available nodes.The existing approaches for leader selection are monolithic,as they identify the leader nodes without taking the optimal approach for leader resources.Therefore,for optimal leader node selection,a genetic algorithm(GA)based leader election(GLEA)approach is presented in this paper.The proposed GLEA uses the available resources to evaluate the candidate nodes during the leader election process.In the first phase of the algorithm,the cost of individual nodes,and overall cluster cost is computed on the bases of available resources.In the second phase,the best computational nodes are selected as the leader nodes by applying the genetic operations against a cost function by considering the available resources.The GLEA procedure is then compared against the Bees Life Algorithm(BLA).The experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms BLA in terms of execution time,SLA Violation,and their utilization with state-of-the-art schemes.

关键词： IoT cloud computing datacenter leader election algorithm machine learning genetic algorithm

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Blockchain-as-a-Utility for Next-Generation Healthcare Internet of Things

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 359-376页

作者： Alaa Omran Almagrabi rashid ali Daniyal Alghazzawi Abdullah AlBarakati Tahir Khurshaid Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Electrical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

The scope of the Internet of Things(IoT)applications varies from strategic applications,such as smart grids,smart transportation,smart security,and smart healthcare,to industrial applications such as smart manufacturing,smart logistics,smart banking,and smart insurance.In the advancement of the IoT,connected devices become smart and intelligent with the help of sensors and actuators.However,issues and challenges need to be addressed regarding the data reliability and protection for signicant nextgeneration IoT applications like smart healthcare.For these next-generation applications,there is a requirement for far-reaching privacy and security in the IoT.Recently,blockchain systems have emerged as a key technology that changes the way we exchange data.This emerging technology has revealed encouraging implementation scenarios,such as secured digital currencies.As a technical advancement,the blockchain network has the high possibility of transforming various industries,and the next-generation healthcare IoT(HIoT)can be one of those applications.There have been several studies on the integration of blockchain networks and IoT.However,blockchain-as-autility(BaaU)for privacy and security in HIoT systems requires a systematic framework.This paper reviews blockchain networks and proposes BaaU as one of the enablers.The proposed BaaU-based framework for trustworthiness in the next-generation HIoT systems is divided into two scenarios.The rst scenario suggests that a healthcare service provider integrates IoT sensors such as body sensors to receive and transmit information to a blockchain network on the IoT devices.The second proposed scenario recommends implementing smart contracts,such as Ethereum,to automate and control the trusted devices’subscription in the HIoT services.

关键词： blockchain next-generation IoT privacy and security healthcare IoT complex healthcare applications

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Effect of pressure on the electrical properties of flexible NiPc thin films fabricated by rubbing-in technology

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第1期30卷 328-331页

作者： Khasan S Karimov Fahmi F Muhammadsharif Zubair Ahmad M Muqeet Rehman rashid ali GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology TopiDistrict SwabiKPK23640Pakistan Center for Innovative Development of Science and New Technologies of Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan Dushanbe734025 Department of Physics Faculty of Science and HealthKoya University44023 KoyaKurdistan Region-F.R.Iraq Center for Advanced Materials(CAM) Qatar UniversityP.O.Box 2713DohaQatar Department of Electronic Engineering Jeju National UniversityJejuRepublic of Korea

Nickel phthalocyanine(Ni Pc) film was deposited onto the surface of flexible conductive glass by rubbing-in technology and used to fabricate devices based on ITO/Ni Pc/CNT/rubber structure. The I–V characteristics of the devices were investigated under different uniaxial pressures of 200, 280, and 480 gf/cm^(2), applied perpendicular to the surface of the Ni Pc film. Results showed that the nonlinearity coefficients of the I–V curves are in the range of 2 to 3, which was found to be decreased with the increase of the pressure. The rectification ratio of the devices was estimated to be varied from 1.5 to 3 based on the applied pressure. Concluding, the resistance of the active layers was decreased with the increase of both pressure and voltage. We believe that using the rubbing-in technology under sufficient applied pressure it is possible to utilize Ni Pc for the development of various electronic devices such as diodes, nonlinear resistors, and sensors.

关键词： pressure electrical property NiPc thin film rubbing-in technology

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