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Comparative Analysis of Dietary Fat Intake among Female University Students in Riyadh: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Health Sciences versus Non-Health Sciences Disciplines

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2025年第1期16卷 74-94页

作者： Tarfa Albrahim Ahmad T. Almnaizel Nouf Alroqaiba Alhanouf Mohammed Alhawwas Hala Ali Domari Lujain Khalid Almasri Wafa Khalid Alotaibi Huda Khalifah Almutairi rasha alshaalan Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Nutrition College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Dhahran Saudi Arabia

Background: In the global burden of non-communicable diseases, the top slot among them all is occupied by various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which also claim primacy in mortality rates. Generally speaking, the pathophysiological pathway frequently involves either (or a combination of) elevated serum cholesterol levels, predominantly attributed to dietary patterns characterized by extremely high levels of saturated and trans-fat consumption. Day-to-day nutritional epidemiology among university students suggests that they represent a crucial demographic for the study of preventive interventions. Objective: This in-depth study and investigation were specifically aimed to quantitatively assess and compare prevailing patterns of dietary fat consumption between female students enrolled in health sciences and non-health sciences programs at major universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 434 Saudi female university students (age range: 18 - 25 years), utilizing a validated Block Dietary Fat Screener accompanied by anthropometric measurements and comprehensive demographic data collection. The sampling methodology consisted of a snowball technique that was spread across three major academic institutions in Riyadh. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between academic specialization and patterns of dietary fat consumption (p = 0.012). Paradoxically, students of health science exhibited a higher prevalence of very high fat intake (41.9%) compared with their non-health sciences counterparts (27.6%). Surprisingly, anthropometric stratification revealed that it was the underweight students who demonstrated very high levels of fat consumption. A notable socioeconomic gradient was observed, with students from households earning 15,000 - 20,000 SR monthly showing the highest prevalence of very high-fat consumption (47.1%), although this association did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.104

关键词： Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Dietary Fat Consumption Patterns Female University Students Health Sciences Education Nutritional Epidemiology Saudi Arabia

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Impact of CR Forbush Decreases on Upper Atmospheric Pressure and Temperature in Saudi Arabia

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2025年第1期15卷 200-217页

作者： Maghrabi Abdullrahman Alghamdi rasha Aldosari Abdulah Almutairy Mohammed National Centre for Climate Change King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh Saudi Arabia Astronomy and Space Science Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of cosmic ray Forbush Decreases (FDs) exceeding 7% in magnitude, occurring between 1985 and 2016, on upper atmospheric pressure and temperature at Abha and Tabouk. Employing the super epoch analysis method, the study concentrated on altitudes of 5 km and 10 km, uncovering significant variations. Seasonal and synoptic-scale variations were considered and excluded when necessary across eight 9-day periods. Both locations showed considerable fluctuations in pressure and temperature before and after the events. At 5 km altitude (21 events), Abha experienced more pressure increases both before (9 vs. 7) and after (12 vs. 11) the events compared to Tabouk. For temperature, Abha recorded more increases before the events (5 vs. 1), while Tabouk showed more decreases (19 vs. 15). Post-event, Tabouk had more temperature increases (13 vs. 10). At 10 km altitude (20 events), both regions experienced more decreases than increases in pressure and temperature before the events and more increases afterward. Notably, Abha experienced more pressure increases both 4 days before (9 vs. 7) and after the events (12 vs. 11) than Tabouk. For temperature, Abha recorded more increases before the events (5 vs. 1), while Tabouk showed more decreases (19 vs. 15). Post-event, Tabouk had more temperature increases (13 vs. 10). These findings underscore both similarities and differences in atmospheric responses to FDs between Abha and Tabouk. Both locations exhibited cooling trends before and warming trends after the events, with Tabouk demonstrating a more pronounced warming trend post-event. These results enhance our understanding of the atmospheric dynamics linked to FDs and assist in predicting weather patterns associated with these phenomena.

关键词： Forbush Decrease Upper Air Temperature Saudi Arabia Climate Change Solar Activity

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L-arginine administration exacerbates myocardial injury in diabetics via prooxidant and proinflammatory mechanisms along with myocardial structural disruption

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第2期16卷 197-215页

作者： rasha A Mansouri Esam M Aboubakr Huda F Alshaibi Adel M Ahmed Department of Biochemistry Faculty of SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 22254JeddahSaudi Arabia College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj 11942Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy-South Valley UniversityQena 83523Egypt Stem Cell Unit King Fahad Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Faculty of PharmacySouth Valley UniversityQena 83523Egypt

BACKGROUND L-arginine(L-Arg)is one of the most widely used amino acids in dietary and pharmacological ***,the evidence on its usefulness and dose limitations,especially in diabetics is still *** To investigate the effects of chronic administration of different doses of L-Arg on the cardiac muscle of type 2 diabetic *** Of 96 male rats were divided into 8 groups as follows(n=12):Control,0.5 g/kg L-Arg,1 g/kg L-Arg,1.5 g/kg L-Arg,diabetic,diabetic+0.5 g/kg L-Arg,diabetic+1 g/kg L-Arg,and diabetic+1.5 g/kg L-Arg;whereas L-Arg was orally administered for 3 months to all treated *** L-Arg produced a moderate upregulation of blood glucose levels to normal rats,but when given to diabetics a significant upregulation was observed,associated with increased nitric oxide,inflammatory cytokines,and malonaldehyde levels in diabetic rats treated with 1 g/kg L-Arg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg.A substantial decrease in the antioxidant capacity,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,reduced glutathione concentrations,and Nrf-2 tissue depletion were observed at 1 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg diabetic treated groups,associated with myocardial injury,fibrosis,α-smooth muscle actin upregulation,and disruption of desmin cardiac myofilaments,and these effects were not noticeable at normal treated *** the other hand,L-Arg could significantly improve the lipid profile of diabetic rats and decrease their body *** L-Arg dose of 1 g/kg or more can exacerbates the diabetes injurious effects on the myocardium,while 0.5 g/kg dose can improve the lipid profile and decrease the body weight.

关键词： L-arginine administration Type 2 diabetes Cardiac muscle injury Oxidative stress Inflammatory cytokines Desmin disruption

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A Comparative Study on the Corrosion Performance of Ni_(47)Ti_(49)Co_4 and Ni_(51)Ti_(49) Shape Memory Alloys in Simulated Saliva Solution for Dental Applications

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第11期29卷 1001-1010页

作者： rasha A.Ahmed Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Taif University Forensic Chemistry Laboratories Medico Legal DepartmentMinistry of Justice

In this study, the corrosion behavior of Ni47Ti49Co4 shape memory alloy（SMA） was investigated in simulated saliva solution with the binary alloy Ni（51）Ti49 as a reference. The surface morphology and the chemical composition of the oxide films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after immersion in the test solutions, respectively. The results showed that the ternary alloy was less affected by the test solution,owning to the formation of passive layer composed mainly of the oxides of titanium and cobalt in several oxidation *** voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization measurements affirmed that the passive oxide film significantly improved the corrosion resistance of Ni47Ti49Co4 SMAs as demonstrated by the smaller corrosion current density, larger resistance and smaller capacitance. Consequently, alloying with cobalt, which has paramount importance in enhancing the passive layer, expands the use of Ni47Ti49Co4 SMAs in dental work as new nitinol alloys with high corrosion resistances.

关键词： Ni47Ti49Co4 Shape memory alloy (SMA) Corrosion Artificial saliva X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy (XPS)

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Smart homes: potentials and challenges

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Clean Energy 2021年第2期5卷 302-315页

作者： rasha El-Azab Electrical Power and Machines Department Faculty of Engineering at Helwan UniversityCairoEgypt

Decentralized distributed clean-energy sources have become an essential need for smart grids to reduce the harmful effects of conventional power *** homes with a suitable sizing process and proper energy-management schemes can share in reducing the whole grid demand and even sell clean energy to the *** homes have been introduced recently as an alternative solution to classical power-system problems,such as the emissions of thermal plants and blackout hazards due to bulk plants/transmission *** appliances,sources and energy storage of smart homes should be coordinated with the requirements of homeowners via a suitable energy-management ***-management systems are the main key to optimizing both home sources and the operation of loads to maximize home-economic benefits while keeping a comfortable *** intermittent uncertain nature of smart homes may badly affect the whole grid *** prospective high penetration of smart homes on a smart power grid will introduce new,unusual scenarios in both generation and *** this paper,the main features and requirements of smart homes are *** review aims also to address recent proposed smart-home energy-management ***,smart-grid challenges with a high penetration of smart-home power are discussed.

关键词： smart homes energy-management system electrical tariff smart-home infrastructure load scheduling power-quality control

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Insight into appropriate medication prescribing for elderly in the COVID-19 era

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第32期10卷 12056-12058页

作者： Amr S Omar rasha Kaddoura Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hamad Medical CoporationDoha 3050Qatar Department of Critical Care Medicine Beni Suef Faculty of MedicineBeni Suef 62511Egypt Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical Center in QatarDoha 3050Qatar Department of Pharmacy Heart HospitalHamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)complicates clinical management in elderly *** is an additional need to properly treat and monitor elderly COVID-19 *** paper discusses the inappropriate medication prescribing in the... 详细信息

关键词： Atrial fibrillation Beta blockers COVID-19 Elderly

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Impacts of multiple demand-side management strategies on microgrids planning:a literature survey

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Clean Energy 2024年第1期8卷 36-54页

作者： rasha Elazab Ahmed T.Abdelnaby A.A.Ali Electrical Power and Machines Department Faculty of Engineering at Helwan UniversityCairoEgypt

Demand-side management(DSM)schemes play a crucial role in managing renewable energy generation and load fluctuations by uti-lizing demand-response programmes(DRPs).This paper aims to provide a detailed overview of DRPs that help microgrid operators to keep costs and reliability within acceptable ***,this review paper provides a detailed economic load model for DRPs based on initial load,demand-response(DR)incentive,DR penalty and elasticity *** article also aims to guide researchers in identifying research gaps in DSM applications in microgrids by comparing various DSM schemes from different countries and regions in terms of DSM strategies,objective functions and optimization ***,this study analyses the impact of DRPs on microgrid configuration from the perspective of utilities and customers,considering technical and economic performance *** a result,it can be concluded that none of the studied cases provides models or guidelines for choosing appropriate DSM schemes that consider different consumer interests or load-type ***,a few researchers have addressed the features of a modern price-based DR strategy,renewable generation-based dynamic pricing DR,which offers higher customer satisfaction than traditional DRPs.

关键词： demand-side management optimal sizing demand-response strategies renewable generation-based dynamic pricing

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Reliable planning of isolated Building Integrated Photovoltaic systems

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Clean Energy 2021年第1期5卷 32-43页

作者： rasha Elazab Janet Eid and Amr Amin Electrical Power and Machines Department Faculty of EngineeringHelwan UniversityCairoEgypt

In this paper,two probabilistic reliability indices are presented to define the effect of clouds on different types of Building Integrated Photovoltaic(BIPV)*** indices do not match the main features of photovoltaic(PV)sources,such as variability,uncertainty and dependency on weather *** addition,they are time indicators that describe the percentage of total failure time per year without any indication about power or energy *** using the available Geographic Information System solar-irradiation database,the proposed indices consider a similar pattern of expected daily solar irradiation as a model of PV *** different models are studied for diverse building loads:an energy model for flexible loads and a constant-power model for critical loads.A comparative study is implemented for six different locations:Cairo,London,Berlin,Beijing,Madrid and ***,three types of BIPV systems are studied:fixed,double-axis-tracking and concentrated PV *** presented results show the effects of clouds,PV type and locations on the system performance.

关键词： stand-alone building reliability analysis capacity planning solar power generation BIPV

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Improving the reconstruction efficiency of sparsity adaptive matching pursuit based on the Wilkinson matrix

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018年第4期19卷 503-512页

作者： rasha SHOITAN Zaki NOSSAIR I.I.IBRAHIM Ahmed TOBAL Computer and Systems Department Electronic Research Institute Electronics Communicationsand Computer DepartmentHelwan University

Sparsity adaptive matching pursuit(SAMP)is a greedy reconstruction algorithm for compressive sensing *** reconstructs signals without prior information of sparsity and presents better reconstruction performance for noisy signals compared to other greedy ***,SAMP still suffers from relatively poor reconstruction quality especially at high compression *** the proposed research,the Wilkinson matrix is used as a sensing matrix to improve the reconstruction quality and to increase the compression ratio of the SAMP ***,the idea of block compressive sensing(BCS)is combined with the SAMP technique to improve the performance of the SAMP *** simulations have been conducted to evaluate the proposed BCS-SAMP technique and to compare its results with those of several compressed sensing *** results show that the proposed BCS-SAMP technique improves the reconstruction quality by up to six decibels(d B)relative to the conventional SAMP *** addition,the reconstruction quality of the proposed BCS-SAMP is highly comparable to that of iterative ***,the computation time of the proposed BCS-SAMP is less than that of the iterative techniques,especially at lower measurement fractions.

关键词： Block compressive sensing Sparsity adaptive matching pursuit Greedy algorithm Wilkinson matrix

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Review on nanocomposites fabricated by mechanical alloying

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第9期26卷 1047-1058页

作者： Mohammed A. Taha rasha A. Youness M.F. Zawrah Solid State Physics Department National Research CentreEl Buhouth St.Dokki 12622CairoEgypt Spectroscopy Department National Research CentreEl Buhouth St.Dokki 12622CairoEgypt Refractories Ceramics and Building Material DepartmentNational Research CentreEl Buhouth St.Dokki 12622CairoEgypt

Composites are composed of multiphase materials, where each phase has specific properties that differ from those of the other phases which can effect on the whole properties of composite. Nanocomposites are class of materials that contain at least one phase in the nanometric size range and can be produced by any suitable technique for preparing nanomaterials. Composites are an interesting class of materials that have recently been used in numerous applications, including structural, biomedical, electronics, and environmental applications. In composites, reinforcements might be fibers, particulates, or whiskers. Mechanical alloying(MA) is a promising technique for producing nanocomposite materials that are difficult or impossible to prepare via conventional techniques. In this review, we provide an overview of nanocomposites prepared by the MA process. The mechanism of milling and other milling parameters are overviewed, and insights into sintering categories and parameters are also presented.

关键词： nanocomposites mechanical alloying fabrication sintering

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