Diesel fuel combustion results in exhaust containing air pollutants and greenhouse gas *** railway vehicles use diesel fuel as their energy *** emissions,as well as concerns about economical,alternative power supply,h...
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Diesel fuel combustion results in exhaust containing air pollutants and greenhouse gas *** railway vehicles use diesel fuel as their energy *** emissions,as well as concerns about economical,alternative power supply,have driven efforts to move to hydrogen motive *** fuel cell technology applied to railways offers the opportunity to eliminate harmful exhaust emissions and the potential for a low-or zero-emission energy supply ***,only multiple-unit trains with hydrail technology operate *** of an Integrated Hybrid Train Simulator for intercity railway is *** proposed tool incorporates the effect of powertrain components during the wheel-to-tank *** to its predecessors,the proposed reconfigurable tool provides high fidelity with medium requirements and minimum computation *** train simulation and the federal government’s Greenhouse gases,Regulated Emissions,and Energy use in Transportation(GREET)model are used in combination to evaluate the feasibility of various train and powertrain *** Piedmont intercity service operating in North Carolina is used as a case *** study includes six train configurations and powertrain options as well as nine hydrogen supply options in addition to the diesel *** results show that a hydrail option is not only feasible,but a low-or zero-carbon hydrogen supply chain could be possible.
BACKGROUND Natural orifice specimen extraction(NOSE)via the anus or vagina replaces conventional transabdominal specimen retrieval via the transabdominal route through a limited mid-line laparotomy or Pfannenstiel ***...
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BACKGROUND Natural orifice specimen extraction(NOSE)via the anus or vagina replaces conventional transabdominal specimen retrieval via the transabdominal route through a limited mid-line laparotomy or Pfannenstiel *** the number of laparoscopic ports further decreases operative abdominal wall *** techniques reduce the surgical wound size as well as the risk of incisionrelated *** To compare short-term outcomes following 3-port NOSE surgery with a matched cohort of conventional non-NOSE colorectal cancer *** Patients who underwent elective 3-port laparoscopic colorectal NOSE surgery between February to October 2021 were *** criteria for NOSE surgery was adapted from the 2019 International Consensus on Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction Surgery for colorectal *** with clinical T4 or N2 tumors on staging computed tomography were also *** propensity score-matched cohort was identified amongst patients who underwent conventional laparoscopic colorectal surgery from January 2019 to December *** was performed in the ratio of 1:4 based on age,gender,type of resection,and p-tumor node metastasis *** Over the eight-month study duration,14 consecutive cases(nine female,five male)of elective 3-port laparoscopic surgery with NOSE were performed for colorectal *** age and body mass index were 70(range 43-82)years and 24.1(range 20.0-31.7)kg/m2 *** patients underwent transanal NOSE and eight had transvaginal *** operative time,intraoperative blood loss and postoperative length of stay were 208(range 165-365)min,30(range 10-150)mL and 3(range 2-6)d ***(14%)suffered minor postoperative compilations not attributable to the NOSE *** follow-up duration was 12(range 8-15)*** instances of mortality,local or distant disease recurrence were recorded in this *** to the conventional surgery cohort of 56 patients,the 3
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