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Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns and Prevalence of Surgical Site Infections in Caesarean Section Deliveries at Two Tertiary Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2022年第8期13卷 313-330页

作者： Maisa Kasanga Misheck Chileshe Steward Mudenda raphael mukosha Maika Kasanga Victor Daka Tobela Mudenda Maureen Chisembele John Musuku Benjamin Bisesa Solochi Jian Wu College of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Department of Pathology and Microbiology University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka Zambia Mary Begg Health Services Ndola Zambia Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Disease Control School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Laboratory Department Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital Lusaka Zambia Department of Pharmacy University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka Zambia Department of Public Health Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine Copperbelt University Ndola Zambia Department of Pathology Ndola Teaching Hospital Ndola Zambia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Zambia-School of Medicine Lusaka Zambia Women and Newborn Hospital University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka Zambia Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital Lusaka Zambia

Introduction: A caesarean section (CS) is one of the most frequently performed obstetric surgeries in the world and its use has increased dramatically in recent years. The number of caesarean section cases worldwide has been increasing each year, and the World Health Organization (WHO) reported an excess of 10% - 15% of CS procedures for all births. However, some women experience surgical site infections (SSIs) after undergoing CS delivery. This study investigated the prescribing patterns of antibiotics in CS deliveries and the prevalence of SSIs at two tertiary hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2020 at the Women and Newborn University Teaching Hospital (UTH) and the Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital, in Lusaka, Zambia. Results: Of a total of 838 women who delivered via CS, more than half were aged between 21 and 25 years (n = 461, 55.0%), 56.3% were from low-cost residential areas, and 57% had emergency CS delivery. The prevalence of SSIs was 6.0%, with the level of education (OR 0.377, 95% CI 0.150 - 0.946), type of caesarean section (OR 6.253, 95% CI 2.833 - 13.803), and oral antibiotics post-caesarean (OR 0.218, 95% CI 0.049 - 0.963). The duration of IV antibiotic treatment significantly predicted SSI (p Conclusion: This study found that the third-generation cephalosporin (cefotaxime) and triple combination therapy (benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, and metronidazole) were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics before and after CS. The level of education, type of CS, oral antibiotics post-CS, facility, and duration of administering IV antibiotics were all predictors of SSIs.

关键词： Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns Caesarean Section Post-Operative Antibiotics Prophylactic Antibiotics Surgical Site Infections

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Three-dimensional models:from cell culture to Patient-Derived Organoid and its application to future liposarcoma research

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 1-13页

作者： SAYUMI TAHARA SYDNEY RENTSCH FERNANDA COSTAS CASAL DE FARIA PATRICIA SARCHET ROMA KARNA FEDERICA CALORE raphael E.POLLOCK Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other *** to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma *** cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under *** vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell ***,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)***,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between *** the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy *** this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell *** then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO ***,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.

关键词： Cell culture Liposarcoma Patient-Derived Organoid(PDO) Spheroid Three-dimensional(3D)cell culture

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Braking distance prediction for vehicle consist in low-speed on-sight operation:a Monte Carlo approach

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Railway Engineering Science 2023年第2期31卷 135-144页

作者： raphael Pfaff FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences Goethestr.152064 AachenGermany

The first and last mile of a railway journey, in both freight and transit applications, constitutes a high effort and is either non-productive(e.g. in the case of depot operations) or highly inefficient(e.g. in industrial railways). These parts are typically managed on-sight, i.e. with no signalling and train protection systems ensuring the freedom of movement. This is possible due to the rather short braking distances of individual vehicles and shunting consists. The present article analyses the braking behaviour of such shunting units. For this purpose, a dedicated model is developed. It is calibrated on published results of brake tests and validated against a high-definition model for lowspeed applications. Based on this model, multiple simulations are executed to obtain a Monte Carlo simulation of the resulting braking distances. Based on the distribution properties and established safety levels, the risk of exceeding certain braking distances is evaluated and maximum braking distances are derived. Together with certain parameters of the system, these can serve in the design and safety assessment of driver assistance systems and automation of these processes.

关键词： Freight rail Shunting Braking curves Brake set-up Driver assistance system Automatic train operation

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Second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stent implantation: Retrospective analysis after 12- and 24-month follow-up

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Eye and Vision 2020年第1期7卷 1-10页

作者： raphael Neuhann Tobias Neuhann Neuhann Augentagesklinik MarienplatzMarienplatz 18-1980331 MunichGermany

Background:The study aimed to investigate the 24-month safety and efficacy of implantation of two secondgeneration iStent inject trabecular micro-bypass stents with concomitant cataract ***:This consecutive case series included 164 eyes of 109 patients implanted with the iStent inject®device with concomitant cataract *** series was comprised of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma(n=84),pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(n=42),normal-tension glaucoma(n=18),and ocular hypertension(n=20).All 164 eyes reached 9–14 months of follow-up(“12-month consistent cohort”),with a subset of 88 eyes reaching 21–26 months of follow-up(“24-month consistent cohort”).Performance outcome measures included intraocular pressure(IOP)and number of glaucoma *** outcomes included intra-or postoperative complications,the need for secondary procedures and corrected distance visual *** of change in continuous(e.g.,IOP)and categorical(e.g.,proportions of eyes on zero medications)measures between baseline and postoperative times were made with the paired t-test and McNemar’s chi-squared test,***:At 12 months postoperatively,IOP was reduced by 25.5%(from 20.0±5.5 mmHg to 14.9±2.0 mmHg;p<0.001);at 24 months postoperatively,IOP was reduced by 26.6%(from 20.3±6.1 mmHg to 14.9±1.9 mmHg;p<0.001).At 12 months postoperatively,mean number of glaucoma medications was reduced by 85.0%(from 2.0±1.0 to 0.3±0.8 medications;p<0.001);at 24 months postoperatively,mean number of medications was reduced by 81.0%(from 2.1±1.1 to 0.4±0.8 medications;p<0.001).After 12 months,96.3%of eyes had an IOP≤18 mmHg and 58.5%of eyes had an IOP≤15 mmHg,with 81.1%of eyes free of any medication,compared to 1.8%of eyes medication-free in the 12-month cohort at *** 24 months,98.9%of eyes had an IOP≤18 mmHg and 53.4%of eyes had an IOP≤15 mmHg,with 72.7%free of medication compared to 1.1%of eyes medication-free in the 24-month cohort at ***,a high safe

关键词： Glaucoma MIGS IStent inject Trabecular Safety Stent Bypass

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Hierarchical Canonical Correlation Analysis Reveals Phenotype,Genotype,and Geoclimate Associations in Plants

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 57-72页

作者： raphael Petegrosso Tianci Song Rui Kuang Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota Twin CitiesMinneapolisMNUSA

The local environment of the geographical origin of plants shaped their genetic variations through environmental *** the characteristics of the local environment correlate with the genotypes and other genomic features of the plants,they can also be indicative of genotype-phenotype associations providing additional information relevant to environmental *** this study,we investigate how the geoclimatic features from the geographical origin of the Arabidopsis thaliana accessions can be integrated with genomic features for phenotype prediction and association analysis using advanced canonical correlation analysis(CCA).In particular,we propose a novel method called hierarchical canonical correlation analysis(HCCA)to combine mutations,gene expressions,and DNA methylations with geoclimatic features for informative coprojections of the *** uses a condition number of the cross-covariance between pairs of datasets to infer a hierarchical structure for applying CCA to combine the *** the experiments on Arabidopsis thaliana data from 1001 Genomes and 1001 Epigenomes projects and climatic,atmospheric,and soil environmental variables combined by CLIMtools,HCCA provided a joint representation of the genomic data and geoclimate data for better prediction of the special flowering time at 10°C(FT10)of Arabidopsis *** also extended HCCA with information from a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network to guide the feature learning by imposing network modules onto the genomic features,which are shown to be useful for identifying genes with more coherent functions correlated with the geoclimatic *** findings in this study suggest that environmental data comprise an important component in plant phenotype *** is a useful data integration technique for phenotype prediction,and a better understanding of the interactions between gene functions and environment as more useful functional information is introduced by coprojections of

关键词： climatic prediction hierarchical

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High Order Accurate Direct Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian ADER-MOOD Finite Volume Schemes for Non-Conservative Hyperbolic Systems with Stiff Source Terms

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Communications in Computational Physics 2017年第1期21卷 271-312页

作者： Walter Boscheri raphael Loubere Laboratory of AppliedMathematics Department of CivilEnvironmental and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of TrentoI-38123 TrentoItaly CNRS and Institut de Mathematiques de Toulouse(IMT)Universite Paul-Sabatier ToulouseFrance

In this paper we present a 2D/3D high order accurate finite volume scheme in the context of direct Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian algorithms for general hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations with non-conservative products and stiff source *** scheme is constructed with a single stencil polynomial reconstruction operator,a one-step space-time ADER integration which is suitably designed for dealing even with stiff sources,a nodal solver with relaxation to determine the mesh motion,a path-conservative integration technique for the treatment of non-conservative products and an a posteriori stabilization procedure derived from the so-called Multidimensional Optimal Order Detection(MOOD)*** this work we consider the seven equation Baer-Nunziato model of compressible multi-phase flows as a representative model involving non-conservative products as well as relaxation source terms which are allowed to become *** new scheme is validated against a set of test cases on 2D/3D unstructured moving meshes on parallel machines and the high order of accuracy achieved by the method is demonstrated by performing a numerical convergence *** Riemann problems and explosion problems with exact solutions are simulated in 2D and *** overall numerical code is also profiled to provide an estimate of the computational cost required by each component of the whole algorithm.

关键词： Direct Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian a posteriori MOOD stabilization Baer-Nunziato model stiff source terms non-conservative products unstructured mesh ADER high order of accuracy in space and time high performance computing(HPC) hyperbolic conservation laws

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Nucleosynthesis in thermonuclear supernovae

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第2期8卷 199-216页

作者： Claudia Travaglio W. raphael Hix fNAF-Astrophysical Observatory Turin Strada Osservagorio 20 10025 Pino Torinese Italy Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak RidgeUSA TN 37830 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleUSA TN 37996

We review our understanding of the nucleosynthesis that occurs in thermonuclear supernovae and their contribution to Galactic Chemical evolution. We discuss the prospects to improve the modeling of the nucleosynthesis... 详细信息

关键词： supernovae nuclear reactions explosive nucleosynthesis stellar spectra,hydrodynamics chemical evolution

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Hot aqueous leaf extract of Lasianthera africana(Icacinaceae) attenuates rifampicin-isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第4期16卷 263-272页

作者： Lucky Legbosi Nwidu raphael Ellis Teme Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Port Harcourt Histopathology Laboratory Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital Medical Laboratory Science Department Faculty of Science Rivers State University of Science and Technology

Objectives： The aim of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Lasianthera africana （lcacinaceae） against isoniazid （INH） and rifampicin （RlF）-induced liver damage in rats. Methods： The hepatoprotective effects of hot aqueous L. africana （HALA） leaf extract （0.1-1 g/kg） and sily-matin （50 mg/kg） were assessed in a model of oxidative liver damage induced by RIF and INH （100 mg/kg each） in Wistar rats for 28 days. Biochemical markers of hepatic damage such as alanine aminotrans- ferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） were assessed. The antiox- idant statuses of plasma glutathione peroxidase （GSPx）, glutathione reductase （GSH）, catalase （CAT） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. Results： The pretreatment of INH and RIF decreased hematological indices and the antioxidant levels （P〈 0.001） and increased the levels of liver marker enzymes （P〈 0.001）. However, pretreatment with HALA extract and silymarin provoked significant elevation of hematological indices. The levels of AST, ALT, and ALP were depressed （P 〈 0.001 ）. Total triglycerides, total cholesterol, total bilirubin and low-density lipoprotein were decreased （P 〈 0.001）. However, high-density lipoprotein, bicarbonate, and electrolytes like chloride and potassium were elevated （P 〈 0.001）, but sodium was depressed （P 〈 0.05）. Additionally, GSH, GSPx, SOD and CAT were elevated （P 〈 0.01） and malondialdehyde was depressed （P 〈 0.001 ） when compared to the R1F-INH-treated rats. Histopathological evaluations support hepatoprotective activity. Conclusion： This study demonstrated that HALA leaf extract attenuated RIF-INH-induced hepatotoxicity. L, africana could be exploited in management of RIF-INH-induced hepatitis.

关键词： Hepatoprotection Hepatotoxicity RifampicinIsoniazid Lasianthera africana Tuberculosis Rats

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Review on current advances,future challenges and consideration issues for post-combustion CO_2 capture using amine-based absorbents

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第2期24卷 278-288页

作者： Zhiwu Liang Kaiyun Fu raphael Idem Paitoon Tontiwachwuthikul Joint International Center for CO2 Capture and Storage (iCCS) Provincial Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing Carbon-dioxide EmissionsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University

Among the current technologies for post-combustion CO2 capture,amine-based chemical absorption appears to be the most technologically mature and commercially viable *** review highlights the opportunities and challenges in post-combustion CO2 capture using amine-based chemical absorption *** addition,this review provides current types and emerging trends for chemical *** issues and performance of amine solvents are reviewed and addressed in terms of thermodynamics,kinetics,mass transfer,regeneration and solvent *** review also looks at emerging and future trends in post-combustion CO2 capture using chemical solvents in the near to mid-term.

关键词： Carbon dioxide capture Post-combustion Power plants Chemical absorpiion Amines solvent

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Thermodynamic Study of the Three Isomers of Bromobenzoic Acid

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Science China Chemistry 1994年第6期37卷 641-652页

作者：谭志诚 Sabbah raphael Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Academia Sinica Dalian 116023 PRC Centre de Thermodynamique et de Microcalorimétrie du CNRS 26 rue du 141eme R. I. A. 13003 Marseille France

The enthalpies of sublimation and fusion and triple-point temperatures of 2-bromo-. 3-bro-mo- and 4-bromobenzoic acids have been determined precisely by sublimation calorimetry, drop calorimetry and differential thermal analysis. The measurements of sublimation enthalpy of the three acids were made at 333, 348 and 363 K, respectively, using a Tian-Calvet microcalorimeter equipped with Knudsen effusion cells. The derived standard molar enthalpies of sublimation at 298.15 K are (95. 94±0. 41), (99. 20± 0.18), and (103. 08±0. 59) kJ · mol-1for the 2-bromo-, 3-bromo- and 4-bromobenzoic acids, respectively. In addition, the saturated vapour pressure of these compounds was also calculated on the basis of the sublimation experiments. The enthalpy of fusion, the triple-point temperatures and the mole fraction purities of the samples of the investigated substances were measured using the mean temperature version DTA apparatus developed by the CTM of the CNRS in Marseille. The triple-point temperature and the molar enthalpies of fusion of the 2-bromo-, 3-bromo and 4-bromobenzoic acids have been found to be (422.37±0. 01) K, (24, 54±0. 07) kJ·mol-1; (429. 68±0. 01) K, (21. 27±0. 09) kJ · mol-1 and (527. 61±0. 02) K, (28.70 ±0. 08) kJ · mol-1 *** the contribution of benzene ring, carboxylic and bromine groups, determined from literature data, we have calculated the enthalpy of sublimation of 4-bromobenzoic acid and compared the value with our experimental result. It is also possible to demonstrate and explain the existence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond in 2-bromobenzoic acid molecule.

关键词： enthalpies of sublimation and fusion triple-point temperature sublimation calorimetry DTA 2- 3- and 4-bromobenzoic acid.

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