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Trap and 1/f-noise effects at the surface and core of GaN nanowire gateall-around FET structure

Nano Research 2019年第4期12卷 809-814页

作者： Mallem Siva Pratap Reddy Ki-Sik Im Jung-Hee Lee raphael caulmione Sorin Cristoloveanu School of Electronics Engineering Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea Advanced Material Research Center Kumoh National Institute of Technology Gumi 39177 Republic of Korea SOITEC Bernin 38190 France Institute of Microelectronics Electromagnetism and Photonics Grenoble Polytechnic Institute Minatec Grenoble 38016 France

Using capacitance,conductance and noise measurements,we investigate the trapping behavior at the surface and in the core of triangular-shaped one-dimensional (1 D) array of GaN nanowire gate-all-around field effect transistor (GAA FET),fabricated via a top-down *** surface traps in such a low dimensional device play a crucial role in determining the device *** estimated surface trap density rapidly decreases with increasing frequency,ranging from 6.07 × 1012 cm-2·eV-1 at 1 kHz to 1.90 × 1011 cm-2·eV-1 at 1 MHz,*** noise results reveal that the power spectral density increases with gate voltage and clearly exhibits 1/f-noise signature in the accumulation region (Vgs > Vth =3.4 V) for all *** the surface depletion region (1.5 V < Vgs < Vth),the device is governed by 1/fat lower frequencies and 1/f2 noise at frequencies higher than ~ 5 *** 1/f2 noise characteristics is attributed to additional generation-recombination (G-R),mostly caused by the electron trapping/detrapping process through deep traps located in the surface depletion region of the *** cutoff frequency for the 1/f2 noise characteristics further shifts to lower frequency of 102-103 Hz when the device operates in deep-subthreshold region (Vgs < 1.5 V).In this regime,the electron trapping/detrapping process through deep traps expands into the totally depleted nanowire core and the G-R noise prevails in the entire nanowire channel.

关键词： gate-all-around field effect transistor (FET) nanowire GaN trap 1/f-noise

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Stand dynamics of old-growth hemlock forests in central Bhutan are shaped by natural disturbances

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 434-447页

作者： Karma Tenzin Craig R.Nitschke Kathryn J.Allen raphael Trouve Thiet V.Nguyen Patrick J.Baker School of Agriculture Foodand Ecosystem SciencesUniversity of Melbourne500 Yarra BlvdRichmondVictoriaAustralia School of Geography Planningand Spatial SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaSandy BayTasmaniaAustralia Forest Science Institute of South Vietnam 1 Pham Van Hai StreetTan Binh DistrictHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam

Understanding how past disturbances have influenced the development of forests is critical for deciphering their current structure and composition and forecasting future *** this study,dendrochronological methods were applied to uncover the disturbance history of old-growth hemlock-dominated forests in central *** of tree-ring samples from two old-growth hemlock stands,located in two different topographic settings,identified the importance of gap-phase dynamics in facilitating recruitment and growth releases and producing complex,multi-aged structure s over *** site showed evidence of a near stand-replacing disturbance in the late 1700s,while the other showed no evide nce of high-severity disturbance at any time over the last 400 *** both sites low-to medium-severity disturbances,some of which appear to be associated with cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal,dominated the disturbance *** hemlock stands exhibited a significant positive association between cyclone occurrence and growth release events and between recruitment pulses and growth release *** 1800 to 1970 there was an increase in recruitment of angiosperm tree species at most sites and a corresponding decline in conifer *** the past 50 years there has been little new recruitment;this may be due to light limitation in the understory from shade-tolerant angiosperms and bamboo in the lower strata of these *** variations in disturbance dynamics and recruitment were observed across the study sites,suggesting that other factors,such as topography and climate,may be influencing long-term stand development *** study highlights the complex interplay between historical disturbance regimes and tree recruitment in shaping the age and size structures of old-growth hemlock forests in central *** also provides new insights into the dynamics of these forests that can be used to support effective forest conservation and management i

关键词： Forest structure Hemlock forest Himalaya Natural disturbance

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Is it possible to run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits without tackling social inequalities?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 756-758页

作者： raphael H.O.Araujo Andre O.Werneck Gilmar M.de Jesus Danilo R.P.Silva Graduation Program in Health Sciences Londrina State UniversityLondrina 86057-970Brazil School of Public Health The University of QueenslandBrisbane QLD 4006Australia Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthUniversidade de Sao Paulo(USP)Sao Paulo 01246-904Brazil Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondon SE58AFUK Public Health Post-Graduate Program State University of Feira de SantanaFeira de Santana 44036-900Brazil Department of Physical Education Federal University of SergipeSao Cristovao 490100-000Brazil

We recently read the opinion piece titled“Why people should run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits”,which was carried out by Maltagliati et al.^(1)and published in the Journal of Sport and Health *** article started an important discussion about a physical activity(PA)promotion approach that encourages the use of affective experience to PA *** we agree with the authors’point of view and believe that its message can generate an important insight for PA promotion,the authors presented a scenario where behavior change seems to be exclusively dependent on the *** the existence of other barriers to an active lifestyle(e.g.,social inequalities)could enhance the authors’suggested approach because many people live in conditions that reduce their opportunities to engage in affective experiences related to PA;furthermore,affective experiences can vary depending on individual context.

关键词： promotion inequalities furthermore

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Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Schiff Base for Enhanced Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Photo-Response Mechanism

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Crystal Structure Theory and Applications 2024年第2期12卷 11-20页

作者： raphael Shadai Oguike Hanatu Akanagn Omolara Oni Corrosion Protection and Materials Science Laboratory Chemistry Department Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria

The efficient photo-response mechanism is one of the key factors in the commercialization of dye-sensitized solar cells in a bid to satisfy renewable energy demands. Progress in green technology has put solar energy on the front burner as a provider of clean and affordable energy for a sustainable society. We report the synthesis of a novel Schiff base with optical transparency in the visible and near IR region of the solar spectrum that can find application in the DSSCs photo-response mechanism. The synthesized crystal exhibited features that could handle some of the shortcomings of dye-sensitized solar cells which include wide band solar spectrum absorption and capability for swift charge transfer within the photoelectrodes. The synthesized Schiff base was characterized using x-ray diffractometer, UV/Visible spectrometer, Frontier transmission infrared spectrometer and conductometer. XRD data revealed the grown crystal to have an average crystallite size of 2.08 nm with average microstrain value of about 269.43. The FT-IR recorded transmission wave ѵ (CO) at 1207.7 cm−1 while dominant wave occurred at ѵ1654.9 and ѵ1592.3 cm−1 relating to ѵ (CN) stretching and ѵ (NH) bending respectively were observed. The IR spectrum revealed the bonding species and a probable molecular structure of 2,6-bis(benzyloxy)pyridine. The UV/Visible spectra convoluted to maximum peak within the near IR region suggesting that 2,6-bis(benzyloxy)pyridine can absorb both the visible and near IR region while its electrical conductivity was determined to be 4.58 µS/cm. The obtained result of the present study revealed promising characteristics of a photosensitizer that can find application in the photo-response mechanism of DSSCs.

关键词： Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Schiff Base Photosensitizer Optical Transparency Benzil Pyridine

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Numerical Solutions of the Classical and Modified Buckley-Leverett Equations Applied to Two-Phase Fluid Flow

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2024年第3期14卷 184-204页

作者： raphael de O. Garcia Graciele P. Silveira Department of Actuarial Science Federal University of So Paulo Osasco Brazil Department of Physics Chemistry and Mathematics Federal University of So Carlos Sorocaba Brazil

Climate change is a reality. The burning of fossil fuels from oil, natural gas and coal is responsible for much of the pollution and the increase in the planet’s average temperature, which has raised discussions on the subject, given the emergencies related to climate. An energy transition to clean and renewable sources is necessary and urgent, but it will not be quick. In this sense, increasing the efficiency of oil extraction from existing sources is crucial, to avoid waste and the drilling of new wells. The purpose of this work was to add diffusive and dispersive terms to the Buckley-Leverett equation in order to incorporate extra phenomena in the temporal evolution between the water-oil and oil-water transitions in the pipeline. For this, the modified Buckley-Leverett equation was discretized via essentially weighted non-oscillatory schemes, coupled with a three-stage Runge-Kutta and a fourth-order centered finite difference methods. Then, computational simulations were performed and the results showed that new features emerge in the transitions, when compared to classical simulations. For instance, the dispersive term inhibits the diffusive term, adding oscillations, which indicates that the absorption of the fluid by the porous medium occurs in a non-homogeneous manner. Therefore, based on research such as this, decisions can be made regarding the replacement of the porous medium or the insertion of new components to delay the replacement.

关键词： Computational Fluid Dynamics Buckley-Leverett Equation Numerical Methods Two-phase Fluid Flow

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Impact of the economic crisis and drug shortage on Lebanese cancer patients’care

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第5期15卷 644-652页

作者： Dollen Eid Jad Jabbour Elissar Moujaes Hampig raphael Kourie Maissa Safieddine Joseph Kattan Department of Hematology and Oncology Saint Joseph UniversityFaculty of MedicineMar MikhaëlBeirut 0000Lebanon Department of Hematology and Oncology Institut Gustave RoussyVillejuif 94800France Department of Hematology and Oncology Hôtel-Dieu de France University HospitalBeirut 0000Lebanon Clinical Research Center Saint Joseph UniversityBeirut 0000Lebanon

BACKGROUND As a consequence of the economic crisis,the sociopolitical instability and the advent of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic,nested challenges faced the Lebanese healthcare *** have resulted in critical shortages of essential resources,including medications vital for oncologic *** To assess the ramifications of the ongoing economic crisis on oncology patient care focusing on our outpatient oncology *** A questionnaire was distributed during the month of February 2022 to oncology patients in Hôtel Dieu de France University Hospital in Beirut during their outpatient *** primary objective was to assess the far-reaching impact of the economic crisis on patient care and the resulting psychological *** Among 182 interviewed patients,31.87%experienced treatment interruption mainly due to acute drug *** 87.91%of the patients benefiting from third-party coverage,69.60%had to self-pay for their medications leading to 69.78%of patients perceiving that healthcare was more difficult to access after ***,one-third of the patients exhibited symptoms of anxiety and/or depression,with 7 patients reporting suicidal ***,37.93%of patients who interrupted cancer treatment reported a history of comorbidities,and 89.66%who altered their treatment cited financial *** Lebanese cancer patients face complex challenges spanning economic,healthcare,and psychological *** inequalities exacerbated by the economic crisis hindered healthcare access.

关键词： Cancer care Drug shortage Economic crisis Cancer psychology Healthcare access

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Noninvasive Respiratory Strategies in Patients with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and COVID-19 in Gabon: A Prospective Observational Study

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期12卷 18-27页

作者： Ghislain Edjo Nkilly raphael Okoue Ondo Fernande Manga Stéphane Oliveira Jean Marcel Mandji-Lawson Romain Tchoua Department of Emergency Anesthesia Resuscitation Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Libreville University Hospital Center Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Akanda Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon

Importance: The best respiratory support technique to reduce intubation and mortality in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 is controversial. Objective: To determine the respiratory support technique that could reduce the need for tracheal intubation and mortality in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) of Military’s Hospital (HIAOBO) in Gabon. Design, Setting, and Participants-Methodology: Prospective observational study over 10 months (January 2021-October 2021). We included patients admitted to intensive care for SARS Cov2 pneumonia who had benefited from available ventilatory support: high concentration face mask, High Flow Nasal cannula (HFNC), NIV (Non Invasive Ventilation), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). The choice was guided by the clinical condition, and the choice of the prescribing physicians. Recourse to mechanical ventilation was decided when faced with a Glasgow score of less than 13, an SpO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 300, a FR ≥ 35/min, the impossibility of drainage of secretions. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the proportion of patients requiring intubation. The secondary outcomes were mortality in ICU. Results: The sample included 97 patients, the average age was55.6 years, hypertension was the main comorbidity (51.1%). Mean respiratory rate (RR) was 30.8 cycles/min, admission SpO2 was 83%, respiratory alkalosis was present in 63% of patients, mean CT involvement was 51%.Respiratory support was NIV (56.7%), CPAP (21.65%), high concentration face mask (18.55%). Sixteen percent (16%) of patients were intubated, 93% of them following failure of NIV. Mortality was 30%, mechanical ventilation was an independent risk factor for mortality. Conclusions: Non Invasive Ventilation, CPAP, and high-concentration face mask were frequently used in patients with COVID-related acute respiratory failure. The CPAP has reduced the need for intubation. Mechanic

关键词： Respiratory Failure COVID 19-Intensive Care Units Military Hospital Gabon

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Postoperative Analgesia and Cesarean Section under General Anesthesia: Multicenter Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第1期14卷 1-12页

作者： Ghislain Edjo Nkilly raphael Okoue Ondo Pascal Christian Nze Obiang Stéphane Oliveira Jean-Marcel Mandji-Lawson Romain Tchoua Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital (HIAOBO) Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Jeanne Ebori Fondation Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Akanda Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon

Background: Neuraxial anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is the reference technique in cesarean section anesthesia for the management of postoperative analgesia. If there is a contraindication to this, general anesthesia is required. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of 4 analgesic techniques performed during cesarean section under general anesthesia in two centers with different anesthetic practices (North Franche Comté Hospital and Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital). Method: This is a retrospective and descriptive study over 2 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. It involved evaluating the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of morphine in the epidural catheter, wound infiltration, intravenous analgesia and Transversus Abdominous Plane block (TAP block) from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) until the 4th post-operative day. Results: Of the 354 cesarean sections performed, 84 (11.14%) received general anesthesia. The average age was 32.27 years. Acute fetal distress was the first indication for cesarean section (45.2%), followed by hemorrhagic placenta previa (10.7%) and prolapse of the cord (8.33%). Morphine in the epidural catheter was the most used (47.6%) followed by parietal infiltration (36.9%), intravenous analgesia (13.1%) and TAP block (2.38%). The analgesic effectiveness was comparable between the techniques from postoperative day 0 to day 4. No difference in side effects. Postoperative morphine consumption was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) in the infiltration (9 mg) and TAP block (9mg) groups compared to the epidural catheter (16 mg) and intravenous analgesia (17 mg). No difference in 02 rehabilitation criteria (ambulation, first bowel movement). No difference in the occurrence of chronic pain. Conclusion: In the event of a cesarean section under general anesthesia, there are effective and well-tolerated alternatives to neuraxial anesthesia, particularly regional anesthesia

关键词： Cesarean General Anesthesia Morphine Parietal Infiltration Epidural Catheter Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Intravenous Analgesia

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Intermediate Hip Arthroplasty in Gabon: Blood Loss and Risk Factor for Transfusion

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第4期14卷 109-117页

作者： Ghislain Edjo Nkilly Pascal Christian Nze Obiang raphael Okoue Ondo Arthur Matsanga Stéphane Oliveira Léandre Nguiabanda Jean-Marcel Mandji-Lawson Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital (HIAOBO) Libreville Gabon Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Jeanne Ebori Fondation Libreville Gabon Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Owendo University Hospital (CHUO) Libreville Gabon Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Akanda Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon Orthopedic Surgery Service Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital (HIAOBO) Libreville Gabon

Background: Hip arthroplasty is a surgery with a high risk of bleeding. The main objective of this study was to research risk factors for bleeding and transfusion in patients undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty in Gabon. Method: It was a retrospective, monocentric, descriptive and analytical study carried out from June 2011 to June 2021 at the Omar Bongo Ondimba army training hospital. The variables studied were demographic characteristics, biological variables, transfusion and intraoperative data. The primary outcome was intraoperative transfusion. A univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of a transfusion. Results: Of the 97 patients included, the average age was 74.2 years ± 10, male predominance was 73.2%, the average ASA score was 1.9 ± 0.5, and transfusion incidence was 38.1%. The average number of RBCs transfused was 1.2 ± 0.6. Tranexamic acid was used in 11.3% of patients. The average bleeding was 450 ± 453 ml. Preoperative anemia was predictor of transfusion to be significant. Conclusion: The incidence of transfusion is law compared to total hip arthroplasty. The implementation of a patient blood management protocol is difficult given the urgency of bone repair. However, a better use of tranexamic acid could reduce this transfusion incidence.

关键词： Hip Arthroplasty Risk Factors Patients Hemiarthroplasty Gabon

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Management Practices of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Questionnaire-Based Survey among Lebanese Oncologists

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 138-149页

作者： Joseph Kattan Sally Temraz Fadi Nasr Arafat Tfayli Christina Khater Anas Mugharbel Hady Ghanem Hampig raphael Kourie Georges Hachem Sarah Masri Jamil Debs Ali Shamseddine Department of Hematology-Oncology H&#244tel-Dieu de France University Hospital Faculty of Medicine Saint-Joseph University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Hematology-Oncology Division American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon Hematology-Oncology Division American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon Department of Hematology-Oncology Saint Charles Hospital Beirut Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Makassed General Hospital Beirut Lebanon Hematology-Oncology Division Lebanese American University Medical Center - Rizk Hospital Beirut Lebanon Department of Hematology-Oncology Saint George Hospital University Medical Center Beirut Lebanon Pfizer Medical Affairs Beirut Lebanon

Background and Objective: The outcome of locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma LA/mUC has improved over the past years with a plethora of new treatments and the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibody-drug conjugates, and targeted agents, to identify locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma’s current management practices in Lebanon and the implication of the ongoing economic crisis on the medical practice. Methods: An online questionnaire was used to survey ten Lebanese oncologists from six different hospitals, between July 5 and July 11, 2022, requesting information pertaining to their current clinical practice in the pharmacological treatment of locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Key Findings: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy was the most frequently reported initial treatment of locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Participants reported using immune checkpoint inhibitors in platinum-ineligible patients and those with PDL1 positive tumors. Also, they would not consider the concomitant use of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in the first-line setting. Participants believed that avelumab maintenance is effective in the absence of progression after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy;they would consider initiating it 2 - 10 weeks after completion of chemotherapy. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: After comparing with current international guidelines, this study shows that Lebanese oncologists follow international guidelines and have deep knowledge of recent clinical trials for the management of locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma, regardless of economic crisis challenges.

关键词： Clinical Practice Chemotherapy Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors PDL1 Urothelial Carcinoma

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