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Petawatt and exawatt class lasers worldwide

High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第3期7卷 168-221页

作者： Colin N.Danson Constantin Haefner Jake Bromage Thomas Butcher Jean-Christophe FChanteloup Enam A.Chowdhury Almantas galvanauskas Leonida A.gizzi Joachim Hein David I.Hillier Nicholas W.Hopps Yoshiaki Kato Efim A.Khazanov Ryosuke Kodama georg Korn Ruxin Li Yutong Li Jens Limpert Jingui ma Chang Hee Nam David Neely Dimitrios Papadopoulos Rory R.Penman Liejia Qian Jorge J.Rocca andrey A.Shaykin Craig W.Siders Christopher Spindloe Sándor Szatmári raoul m.g.m.trines Jianqiang Zhu Ping Zhu Jonathan D.Zuegel AWE AldermastonReadingUK OxCHEDS Clarendon LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK CIFS Blackett LaboratoryImperial CollegeLondonUK NIF&Photon Science Directorate Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreUSA Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology(ILT) AachenGermany Chair for Laser Technology LLT RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser EnergeticsRochesterUSA Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryChiltonDidcotUK LULI CNRSCEASorbonne UniversitesEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseauFrance Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUSA Centre for Ultrafast Optical Science University of MichiganAnn ArborUSA Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory Istituto Nazionale di Ottica(INO)CNRPisaItaly Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena and Helmholtz InstituteJenaGermany The graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries NishikuHamamatsuJapan Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of SciencesNizhny NovgorodRussia Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan ELI-Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China National Laboratory for Condensed matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute for Applied Physics(IAP)at Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena JenaGermany Helmholtz Institute Jena JenaGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering(IOF) JenaGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasma(ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Centre for Relativistic Laser Science(CoReLS) Institute for Basic ScienceDepartment of Physics and Photon ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and Techno

In the 2015 review paper‘Petawatt Class Lasers Worldwide’a comprehensive overview of the current status of highpower facilities of>200 TW was *** was largely based on facility specifications,with some description of their uses,for instance in fundamental ultra-high-intensity interactions,secondary source generation,and inertial confinement fusion(ICF).With the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Professors Donna Strickland and gerard mourou for the development of the technique of chirped pulse amplification(CPA),which made these lasers possible,we celebrate by providing a comprehensive update of the current status of ultra-high-power lasers and demonstrate how the technology has *** are now in the era of multi-petawatt facilities coming online,with 100 PW lasers being proposed and even under *** addition to this there is a pull towards development of industrial and multi-disciplinary applications,which demands much higher repetition rates,delivering high-average powers with higher efficiencies and the use of alternative wavelengths:mid-IR *** apart from a comprehensive update of the current global status,we want to look at what technologies are to be deployed to get to these new regimes,and some of the critical issues facing their development.

关键词： exawatt lasers high-power lasers petawatt lasers ultra-high intensity

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magma mixing genesis of the mafic Enclaves and Related granitoids in the Kan granite-gneiss Complex of Central Côte d’Ivoire: Evidence from geology, Petrology and geochemistry

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Open Journal of geology 2024年第8期14卷 760-786页

作者： Koffi raoul Teha Koffi Kossonou Jean-marie Pria Koffi Joseph Brou Alain Nicaise Kouamelan marc Ephrem Allialy Souad m’Rabet mineral and Energy Resources Laboratory (LgRmE) Flix Houphout-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast Environmental Sciences and Technology Laboratory Department of Earth Sciences Jean Lorougnon-Guede Daloa University Daloa Ivory Coast Laboratory of geosciences and Environment Department of Geology Ibn Tofal University of Knitra Knitra Morocco

The mafic enclaves from Paleoproterozoic domain are considered to be the results of large-scale crust-mantle interaction and magma mixing. In this paper, petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry were jointly used to determine the origin of the mafic enclaves and their relationship with the host granitoids of the Kan granite-gneiss complex. This study also provides new information on crust-mantle interactions. The mafic enclaves of the Kan vary in shape and size and have intermediate chemical compositions. The diagrams used show a number of similarities in the major elements (and often in the trace elements) between the mafic enclaves and the host granitoids. geochemical show that the Kan rock are metaluminous, enriched in silica, medium to high-K calc-alkaline I-type granite. The similarities reflect a mixing of basic and acid magma. mafic enclaves have a typical magmatic structure, which is characterized by magma mixing. The genesis of these rocks is associated with the context of subduction. They result from the mixing of a mafic magma originating from the mantle and linked to subduction, and a granitic magma (type I granite) that arises from the partial melting of the crust.

关键词： magma mixing mafic microgranular Enclaves Host granitoids Kan granite-gneiss Complex West Africa

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Epidemiological, Clinical Progress Aspects of Congenital Heart Disease with Neonatal Revelation at the mother-Child Hospital of Bingerville (HmE) Concerning 98 Cases from January 2021 to December 2022 (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 89-100页

作者： Adja Evelyne Akaffou-gbery Richard Azagoh-Kouadio Anne-Lise Laetitia mobio Jean-Jacques Yao Atteby Serenah marie Janice N’vrah Anoh Kouassi raoul Yao Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology H&#244pital Mère-Enfant de Bingerville (HME) Bingerville C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of medical Pediatrics and Specialties CHU de Angré Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction The distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD) in sub-Saharan Africa is highly imprecise and varies from one region to another due to the inequality of diagnostic facilities. The aim of this study was to determine the in-hospital prevalence of congenital heart disease in children at the mother-Child hospital of Bingerville (HmE) by specifying the diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. materials and methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study at HmE of Bingerville from January 2021 to December 2022. All newborns with congenital heart disease confirmed by echocardiography were included in the study. Results Of 656 admissions to the neonatology department over the study period, congenital heart disease accounted for 14.9% (98/656) of cases. In our series, 76.7% were diagnosed before the 1st week of life, with a mean chronological age of 5.18 days and extremes of 0 and 46 days. There were as many male patients (50%) as female (50%), i.e. a sex ratio of 1. These newborns were premature in 60.2% of cases, with a mean and median gestational age of 34 weeks’ amenorrhea. most were left-right shunts (90.8%). Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (48.9%) predominated, followed by atrial septal defect (38.7%), ventricular septal defect (13.3%), common trunk artery (CTA) (3.1%) and open septal pulmonary atresia (OSPA) (1%) as the primary cyanogenic heart disease. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (50%) was primary in 38.8% and secondary (61.2%). The mortality rate was 30.6%, and all CTA patients died (100%), with a significant statistical relationship (p = 0.027). Progression under treatment was marked by clinical stabilization (68/98) in 69.4% of cases. Conclusion: Congenital heart disease is relatively common at the Bingerville HmE. Access to echocardiography should be facilitated in neonatology departments for rapid diagnosis and optimal management of congenital heart disease in newborns.

关键词： Newborn Congenital Heart Disease Côte d’Ivoire

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Assessment of groundwater Physico-Chemical Quality in the Ouémé Delta (Southern-Benin)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第3期15卷 298-317页

作者： Aoulatou Alassane Zakari Dadja Toyou masamaéya gnazou Abdoukarim Alassane Kodjo Apelete raoul Kpegli Ousmane Touré Boukari Bio guidah Chabi Bénito Didier Koukpohounsi Daouda mama Laboratory of Applied Hydrology National Water Institute University of Abomey-Calavi Benin (LHA/INE/UAC) Cotonou B&eacutenin International Chair in mathematical Physics and Applications (ICmPA—UNESCO Chair) Cotonou B&eacutenin Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment Faculty of Sciences University of Lom&eacute Togo (LHAE/FDS/UL) Lom&eacute Togo

groundwater resources are the main sources of water used to supply drinking water to the population of the Ouémé Delta via the Continental Terminal aquifer. Urbanization, population growth, and agricultural and industrial activities have resulted in a deterioration in the quality of these resources. To assess the quality of the delta’s groundwater and its suitability for human consumption and irrigation, a total of fourteen (14) physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in some forty existing water points between September 2020 and march 2021, using standard water analysis techniques. The values obtained were compared with the potability standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Republic of Benin and were subjected to statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA)). In addition, methods for determining the suitability of water for irrigation were used. The results showed that the waters are acidic to slightly neutral and influenced by ambient temperature. In addition, the waters are moderately mineralized, with conductivities (24 - 1205 μS/cm) in line with WHO standards. A comparison of the analytical results of the WHO (2017) and Benin (2001) standards indicates that the majority of the waters studied are of good quality for all the chemical parameters considered. Nevertheless, some samples show levels of nitrates (21%), potassium (14% to 16%), calcium (13%), ammonium (12%), nitrites (8%) and bicarbonates (10%) over their respective standards. The Wilcox and Riverside diagrams indicate that the majority of waters (90%) have excellent suitability for irrigation and no negative effect on soil fertilization.

关键词： Benin OuéméDelta groundwater Physico-Chemical Quality Consumption Irrigation

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Prevalence of Dyslipidemia among Patients Received at the Biochemistry Unit of the Charles de gaulle Pediatric University Hospital in Ouagadougou

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2024年第1期14卷 16-26页

作者： Fabienne marie Soudre Arnaud Kouraogo Alice Kiba Ollo Da mahutin Benoîte Hounhoui Diema Nadia Karama Seraphine mano Denis Claude Drabo Augustin Kyetega raoul Karfo Elie Kabre Jean Sakande Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Charles de gaulle Pediatric University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Health Sciences Institute Nazi BONI University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Biochemistry Unit Sourou Sanou University Hospital Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Tengandogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Faculty of Health Sciences Saint Thomas d’Aquin University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Agency for Environmental Food Labor and Health Product Safety Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease represents a major public health burden worldwide. Research and management of risk factors contribute to the prevention of these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the biochemistry unit of the Charles De gaulle Pediatric University Hospital (CHUP-CDg) in Ouagadougou. material and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. Patients of all ages who performed a lipid panel in the CHUP-CDg biochemistry unit during the study period have been included. Results: A total of 2872 patients have been included. The mean age of the study population was 27.72 ± 19.51 years and the m/F sex ratio was 0.81. Among the patients, 22.84% had at least one dyslipidemia. The prevalences of hypercholesterolemia, hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia were 11.57%, 49.19% and 57.50% respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia were present in 9.04% and 2.08% of patients. Hypercholesterolemia was significantly more frequent in the female sex (p = 0.0077);hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (p = 0.0255) and mixed hyperlipidemia (p Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study indicates a worrying situation. It would therefore appear essential to extend the search for risk factors nationwide, particularly those that can be modified, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality linked to cardiovascular disease.

关键词： Dyslipidemia Lipid Profile Lipid Abnormalities Prevalence Burkina Faso

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Ion source perturbation and control in intense laser plasma interaction

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2020年第4期5卷 47-52页

作者： B.Ramakrishna S.Krishnamurthy m.Tayyab S.Bagchi K.makur raoul trines Robbie Scott Alex Robinson J.A.Chakera Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology HyderabadKandiSangareddy 502285India Laser Plasma Division Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced TechnologyIndore 452013India Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School ComplexAnushakti NagarMumbai 400094India Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford-Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom

We present here experimental results on the optimization of the mega-electronvolt ion source from the target front surface by using relativistic(10^(18)W/cm^(2))interactions with ultra-short laser pulses(50 fs).The source perturbation in the accelerated proton/ion beam was primarily controlled by the addition of a pre-pulse to main pulse contrast *** 2D particle-in-cell simulations agreed well with the observed experimental results for the ion source perturbation and *** work provides insights into ion source perturbations(temporal and spatial)and the need to control them in intense laser–plasma *** results may assist in the efficient guiding of proton/ion beams to the core of fusion fuel or of ions in cancer therapy.

关键词： intense source primarily

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The Origin of gravitational and Electric Forces, the Nature of Electromagnetic Waves

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2012年第3期2卷 82-89页

作者： raoul Charreton 104 Quai Louis Blériot 75016 Paris France

We have proposed a prequantum physics, itself founded on classical mechanics completed by the existence of an universal cloud of tiny particles noted U. These U particle command the mass, variable, of electron, neutron, proton, and atom particles noted m. The “shocks” between U and m particles in the cloud, with screen effect, give birth to electrical forces among charged particles with very small differences between attractive and repulsive forces, and to certain gravitational forces. This cloud with the electromagnetic waves propagating thus recalls an ether, yet much different regarding its effects on the inertial mass of any particle within it. The electromagnetic wave and the photon look like if they were born from a statistical mechanics induced by the universal cloud, and their status, in this regard, may be compared to the status conferred by atomics to a temperature or a pressure. The wave transversality is explained. By the same token, one understands why the photon, a vectorial bearer of a statistical information, may thus describe a particle as well as a wave.

关键词： Prequantum Physics

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Phenomenological behavior of rock salt:On the influence of laboratory conditions on the dilatancy onset

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Journal of Rock mechanics and geotechnical Engineering 2019年第4期11卷 723-738页

作者： A.Rouabhi P.Labaune m.Tijani N.gatelier g.Hevin mINES ParisTech PSL Research UniversityCentre de Geosciences35 rue St HonoreFontainebleau77300France geostock Entrepose 2 rue des MartinetsRueil-Malmaison92500France Storengy 12 rue Raoul NordlingBois-Colombes92274France

Recently,stress-based dilatancy criteria have become essential tools to design underground facilities in salt formations such as gas storage ***,these criteria can depend critically on the volumetric strain measurements used to deduce the dilatancy *** from conventional triaxial compression tests can show different volumetric behavior depending on the loading conditions,as well as on the measurement *** order to obtain a quantitative understanding of this problem,an experimental program was carried out and the testing procedure was investigated numerically under homogeneous and heterogeneous stress *** experimental results showed that the deviatoric stress corresponding to the dilatancy onset was significantly dependent on the measurement *** a heterogeneous stress state,the simulation results revealed that the strain measurements at different scales (referred to as local,hybrid or global) can provide different volumetric results with moderate to significant deviations from the idealized behavior,and hence different onsets of *** also proved that,under low confinement,tensile stresses can take place within the compressed specimen,leading to a great deviation of the dilatancy onset from the idealized *** both experimental and numerical investigations,the difference in sensitivity to the measurement techniques between the deviatoric and the volumetric behaviors is explained by the relatively small values of the volumetric *** non-ideal laboratory conditions have more impact on this strain than on the deviatoric *** findings can have implications for the interpretation of the dilatancy behavior of rock salt,and hence on the geomechanical design aspects in salt formations.

关键词： Rock salt Triaxial tests Dilatancy onset End restraint Viscoplasticity

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Impact of overgrazing on the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan pastoral communities of Sichuan Province,China

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Chinese medical Journal 2007年第3期120卷 237-242页

作者： WANg Qian XIAO Yong-fu Dominique A Vuitton Peter m Schantz Francis raoul Christine Budke maiza Campos-Ponce Philip S Craig Patrick giraudoux Sichuan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu610041 China WHO Collaborating Centre for the Prevention and Treatment ofAlveolar Echinococcosis SERF and LBE Usc INRA ResearchUnits University of Franche-Comte 25030-Besancon France Institute of Parasitology University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse266a CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences Free University AmsterdamNetherlands Cestode Zoonoses Research group Bioscience Research Instituteand School of Environment and Life Sciences University ofSalford Salford MS4WT United Kingdom

Background Overgrazing was assumed to increase the population density of small mammals that are the intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis, the pathogen of alveolar echinococcosis in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. This research tested the hypothesis that overgrazing might promote Echinococcus multilocularis transmission through increasing populations of small mammal, intermediate hosts in Tibetan pastoral communities. methods grazing practices, small mammal indices and dog Echinococcus multilocularis infection data were collected to analyze the relation between overgrazing and Echinococcus multilocularis transmission using nonparametric tests and multiple stepwise logistic regression. Results In the investigated area, raising livestock was a key industry. The communal pastures existed and the available forage was deficient for grazing. Open （common） pastures were overgrazed and had higher burrow density of small mammals compared with neighboring fenced （private） pastures; this high overgrazing pressure on the open pastures measured by neighboring fenced area led to higher burrow density of small mammals in open pastures. The median burrow density of small mammals in open pastures was independently associated with nearby canine Echinococcus multilocularis infection （P=-0.003, OR=1.048）. Conclusion Overgrazing may promote the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis through increasing the population density of small mammals.

关键词： echinococcosis, hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis overgrazing Tibetan pastoral communities

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High level Bio-safety Laboratory(BSL4) to Fight Emerging Diseases

High level Bio-safety Laboratory(BSL4) to Fight Emerging Dis...

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第3届新生病毒性疾病控制学术研讨会

作者： raoul HERVE Co-Directeur du Laboratoire P4 INSERm Jean mérieux LyonFrance.

The construction of the BSL4 Laboratory in Lyon was the ultimate achievement of Dr Charles *** building began in 1998 and the laboratory was inaugurated by the President Jacques Chirac in *** 2 years of operational pr...

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