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Perception of Local Populations of Bouba-Ndjidda National Park on Indigenous Knowledge and the Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity Conservation

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第11期13卷 865-881页

作者： Ghislain Noé Kougoum Piebeng Samuel Christian Tsakem Kalgongbe Kiebfiene Tikela Bakwo Fils Eric Moise Simon Awafor Tamungang Michel Babale Jean-Pierre Mate Mweru Isaac Diansambu Makanua Bouba Hotta Vincent Zoalang Mala Krossy Mavakala raoul Sambieni Kouakou Baudouin Michel Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Garoua Wildlife School Garoua Cameroon Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management College of Technology University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Regional Post-Graduate Training School on Integrated Management of Tropical Forests and Lands Kinshasa Democratic Repub-lic of the Congo Faculty of Science University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

This study deals with the perceptions of indigenous knowledge in the field of conservation and the impact of climate change on biodiversity in the peripheral villages of the Bouba-Ndjidda National Park (PNBN), Department of Mayo-Rey, Cameroon. To this end, 23 out of 70 villages in the study area were selected, for a sample of 368 households surveyed through a questionnaire addressed to the heads of households. Data collection took place from August 27 to December 22, 2022. The results reveal that 70.7% of the population living near the PNBN practice agriculture as their main income-generating activity, followed by livestock (23.3%) and trade (6%). Knowledge in the field of the conservation of natural resources is rooted in occultism through rituals and sacrifices (99.50%) offered to the geniuses of nature and prohibitions on the felling of trees and sacred animals (13.00%). The populations perceive climate change through the variation of the seasons (97.60%), the increase in temperature (84.80%), the reduction in the duration of the rainy seasons (54.60%), the drop in agricultural yield (84.80%) and floods (74.70%). The consequence of these changes on wildlife is the disappearance of animal species such as the Rhinoceros, the Wild Dog, the Cheetah and the Ostrich. In order to cope with climate change, the natives have developed strategies such as the adoption of early crop varieties (maize, millet, soybeans, etc.), the reorganization of the agricultural calendar, the practice of reforestation, extension of field surfaces, the cessation of excessive deforestation and uncontrolled bush fires, the construction of fired brick houses, the practice of irrigation, seasonal migration and occultism. This indigenous knowledge is a perfect adaptation to climate change and makes it possible to better take into account the vision of local populations in the conservation of biodiversity.

关键词： Perception Indigenous Knowledge Climate Change Biodiversity Conservation Bouba-Ndjidda National Park

Disease activity and cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第22期14卷 3497-3503页

作者： Harry Sokol Jacques Cosnes Olivier Chazouilleres Laurent Beaugerie Emmanuel Tiret raoul Poupon Philippe Seksik Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department Hpital Saint-Antoine Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6 AP-HP Paris 75571 France Hepatology Depart-ment Hpital Saint-Antoine Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6 AP-HP Paris 75571 France Department of Abdominal Surgery Hpital Saint-Antoine Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6 AP-HP Paris 75571 France

AIM: To investigate the phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC-IBD). METHODS: Data from 75 PSC-IBD patients evaluated in our tertiary center between 1963 and 2006 were collected and compared to 150 IBD patients without PSC, matched for sex, birth date, IBD diagnosis date and initial disease location regarding ileal, different colonic segments, and rectum, respectively. RESULTS: While PSC-IBD patients received more 5-aminosalicylates (8.7 years/patient vs 2.9 years/ patient, P < 0.001), they required less immuno-suppressors (24% vs 46% at 10 years; P < 0.001) and less intestinal resection (10% vs 44% at 10 years, P < 0.001). The 25-year cumulative rate of colectomy was 25.1% in PSC-IBD and 37.3% in controls (P = 0.004). The 25-year cumulative rate of colorectal cancer was 23.4% in PSC-IBD vs 0% in controls (P = 0.002). PSC was the only independent risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer (OR = 10.8; 95% CI, 3.7-31.3). Overall survival rate without liver transplantation was reduced in PSC-IBD patients (67% vs 91% in controls at 25 years, P = 0.001).CONCLUSION: This study confirms that patients with PSC-IBD have a particular disease phenotype independent of the initial disease location. Although their disease is less active and they use more 5-aminosalicylates, they present a higher risk of colorectal cancer.

关键词：硬化性胆管炎肠疾病结肠直肠癌大肠炎节段性回肠炎

Analytical Load Balancing Model in Distributed Open Flow Controller System

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Engineering（科研） 2018年第12期10卷 863-875页

作者： Traore Issa Zamble raoul Adama Konate Joel Christian Adepo Bernard Cousin Asseu Olivier Felix Houphouet-Boigny University AbidjanCote d’Ivoire African Higher School of ICT Abidjan AbidjanCote d’Ivoire National Polytechnic Institute Felix Houphouet-Boigny YamoussoukroCote d’Ivoire Virtual University of Cote d’Ivoire AbidjanCote d’Ivoire Research Institute of Computer Science and Random Systems University of Rennes 1RennesFrance

The Software Defined Network (SDN) is a concept based on a decoupling between the control plan and the data plan of a network. Thus, the network becomes programmable and can be coupled to the business applications of the users. The study that is discussed in this article looks at load planning and balancing in distributed controllers. To do this, a model and theoretical methods of performance evaluation related to appropriate software tools, to predict and control the quality of service offered to users is exposed. This paper exposed also a distributed architecture of controllers and then a module based on an adaptive load balancing algorithm that is fault tolerant and fluctuates controller loads. The experiments show a significant gain in efficiency of our solution.

关键词： Open Flow Load Balancing Decision Distributed Software Defined Network Analysis Architecture

Study of Formic and Acetic Acids in the Air of Humid Savannah Case of Lamto (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2016年第2期6卷 254-266页

作者： Pêlèmayo raoul Touré Georges Kouame Kouadio Urbain Kouakou Koffi Charles Romaric Beugré Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics and Fluid Mechanics (LAPA-MF) Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Physcal Science Laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure of Abidjan (ENS) Abidjan C&#244te d’ivoire Laboratory of physical chemistry Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

From January 1995 to December 2004, 860 rainwater samples were collected in the humid savannah of Lamto. Using the Henry’s law, we determined the content of formic and acetic acids in the air based on their concentrations in rainwater. The annual partial pressure of both formic and acetic acids over the decade is variable. It covers a range of 0.003 (1998) to 0.21 ppbv (1996) and 0.27 (1999) to 0.47 ppbv (1996) for formic and acetic acids respectively. Also, the partial pressure in the dry season is higher than that in the wet season. This difference is related to the enrichment of the organic acid content in the air by the various sources that produce these acids. One of the main sources of increment in organic acid is biomass burning. This biomass burning contributes between 21% and 51% to the formation of the two acids in the humid savannah of Lamto. Ultimately the average annual organic acidity varies from 40% to 60% over the ten years period.

关键词： Formic Acid Acetic Acid Organic Acidity Biomass Burning

Activated Carbons Based on Shea Nut Shells (<i>Vitellaria paradoxa</i>): Optimization of Preparation by Chemical Means Using Response Surface Methodology and Physicochemical Characterization

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2020年第8期8卷 53-72页

作者： Liouna Adoum Amola Theophile Kamgaing Donald raoul Tchuifon Tchuifon Cyrille Donlifack Atemkeng Solomon Gabche Anagho Laboratory of Noxious Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department of Chemistry University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering National Higher Polytechnic School of Douala University of Douala Douala Cameroon

In this study, shea residues (Vitellaria paradoxa) dumped in the wild by the units processing almonds into butter were used in the production of activated carbons. Shea nut shells harvested in the locality of Baktchoro, West Tandjile Division of Chad were used as a precursor for the preparation of activated carbons by chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4). Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to optimize the preparation conditions, and the factors used were concentration of activating agent (1 - 5 M), carbonization temperature (400°C - 700°C) and residence time (30 - 120 min). The studies showed that at optimal conditions the yield was 51.45% and 42.35%, while the iodine number (IN) was 709.45 and 817.36 mg/g for CAK-P (phosphoric acid activated carbon) and CAK-S (sulphuric acid activated carbon) respectively. These two activated carbons (ACs) which were distinguished by their considerable iodine number, were variously characterized by elementary analysis, pH at the point of zero charge (pHpzc), bulk density, moisture content, Boehm titration, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, BET adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. These analyses revealed the acidic and microporous nature of CAK-P and CAK-S carbons, which have a specific microporous surface area of 522.55 and 570.65 m2·g−1 respectively.

关键词： Residue Shea Nuts Activated Carbon Optimization Central Composite Design

Improving ecosystem services in farmlands:beginning of a long-term ecological study with restored flower-rich grasslands

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2022年第1期8卷 399-405页

作者： András Báldi raoul Pellaton Áron Domonkos Bihaly Viktor Szigeti Eszter Lellei-Kovács András Máté Miklós Sárospataki Zoltán Soltész LászlóSomay AnikóKovács-Hostyánszki Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group Institute of Ecology and BotanyCentre for Ecological ResearchVácrátótHungary Department of Zoology and Ecology Institute of Wildlife Management and Nature ConservationHungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesGödöllőHungary Dorcadion Ltd KecskemétHungary

Biodiversity declines in an unprecedented way,mostly due to land use *** interventions proved to be one of the most effective tools to halt the decline,especially in ecosystems such as agricultural ***-based,locally adapted recommendations on grassland restoration,however,are often missing,so we present a novel approach for such interventions that can be implemented anywhere and that are based on scientific *** a recently started long-term field ecological study,we established 0.5 ha wildflower parcels,using a diverse local seed mixture of 32 insect-visited plant species in Central European agricultural landscapes in *** focus is on the landscape-scale effects of this ecological intensification on ecosystem services such as crop yield,pollination and pest control,and the long-term monitoring of the successional *** aim is to showcase an effective restoration protocol that could serve as a model for future farm management,and provide much-needed evidence for policy on landscape ecological restoration of international relevance.

关键词： Ecological intensification field experiment protocol restoration wildflower strip

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适应工业4．0发展要求的刀具出货系统

工具技术 2018年第9期52卷 I0012-I0013页

作者： raoul Rapke 伊斯卡公司

在一定程度上受工业4．0鼓舞的新型出货柜及出货相关解决方案正在不断涌现，其一致的目标是为生产制造商提供更方便、更简约的方式来管理及分配发放到车间的物料，以最大限度地提高和协调生产效率。

关键词：工业系统刀具生产制造商生产效率车间

Emergency Neonatal Obstetric Cares at Cocody University Hospital: Overview of Instrumental Extraction

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第11期7卷 1086-1091页

作者： Kakou Charles Kasse raoul Kouame Arthur Koime Hervé Effoh Denis Gondo Diomandé Boni Serge Cocody University Hospital Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

Objectives: The aim of this study was to show an overview of situation of instrumental extraction at the maternity of Cocody University Hospital by determining availability and assessing the maternal and fetal prognosis. Patients and method: it was a retrospective study with a descriptive purpose on 6 months from January 1 to June 31, 2015. It concerned all patients admitted in the expulsive phase of labor delivery room and with an indication of fetal instrumental extraction and the state of their newborns at birth. Results: We saved 2288 vaginal deliveries;including 28 instrumental deliveries on 104 indications of instrumental extraction is an implementation rate of 26.9% (16 by vacuum extractor and 12 forceps). Among patients with indication but without instrumental extraction (n = 76), there is 42.3% vaginal delivery (n = 44) and 30.8% of cesarean section (n = 32). 44 have given birth vaginally (42.3%) and 32 by caesarean section (30.8%). It’s young patient (28 years), nulliparous (42.3%). Average time between instrumental extraction indication and the delivery of the baby was 58 min in the case of instrumental extraction and 1 hour 41 minutes in the case of spontaneous delivery in anticipation of the c-section. Motherhood had 3 instrumental extractors (2 vacuum extractors and 1 forceps) recycled after each use. The Apgar score was good in 85.7% in children born by instrumental extraction and bad in 54.5% in children born vaginally without instrumental extraction. We found 20 stillborn in intra partum occurred only in children born vaginally without instrumental extraction. Twelve (12) cases of bleeding of the issue by uterine atony (27.3%) were recorded in patients pregnant without instrumental extraction. No maternal deaths were observed. Conclusion: The realization of instrumental extraction rate remains low at the maternity of the UH-C. In the event, the fetal prognosis was better.

关键词： Instrumental Extraction Forceps Vacuum Extractor Availability Stillbirth

Modulation Possibilities of the Tissue Wettability, Marker of the Physical Modifications Produced by Senescence versus Photo Senescence at Tegument Level

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2014年第13期7卷 1049-1055页

作者： Laurentiu Badescu Carmen Elena Cotrutz raoul Lupusoru Bogdan-Mihail Diaconescu Manuela Ciocoiu Magda Badescu Department of Cell and Molecular Biology University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi Romania Department of Pathophysiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi Romania Department of Pathophysiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi Romania

We used an experimental model involving white Westar rats (young and old) who were subjected to precise doses of ultraviolet radiation (UV). The experiment aims to examine the influence of epidermis potential protection factors in photo senescence versus senescence. We have studied the in vivo effect of some natural polyphones extracted from black grapes seeds and zinc aspartate and in vitro effect of AED (deuterium depleted water). The substances were administered by intragastric gavages, at two days intervals for two weeks prior to UV irradiation and during the entire period of the experiment (28 days). In the end, we determined the degree of hydrophilicity of the skin, in vitro, by measuring the contact angle value, which was inversely proportional to the hydrophilicity of the tissue (the angle formed at the contact between a liquid and a solid surface). Using this method we found a large variability depending on the hydrophilicity of the epidermis (abdomen and back), the age of the animal and UV/non UV irradiation. The maintenance of the epidermis fragments in AED (for 6 hours) increased significantly the tissue wet ability degree both in the young rats subject to UV and in the senescent ones subject to UV (photo senescence).

关键词： Skin Photoimmunology Phototherapy