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Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry and Rare Earth Oxides can quantify diffuse and convergent soil loss and source apportionment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 633-648页

作者： Pia Benaud Karen Anderson Mike R.James Timothy A.Quine John n.Quinton Richard E.Brazier CREWW GeographyFaculty of EnvironmentScience and EconomyUniversity of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom Environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterPenrynCornwallTR109FEUnited Kingdom Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityBailriggLancasterLA14YQUnited Kingdom Geography Faculty of EnvironmentScience and Economy.University of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom

Accurately quantifying rates of soil erosion requires capturing both the volumetric nature of the visible,convergent fluvial pathways(also known as rills)and the subtle nature of the less-visible,diffuse pathways(interrill areas).The aim of this study was to use Rare Earth Oxide(REO)tracers and Structure-from-Motion(SfM)photogrammetry to elucidate retrospective information about soil erosion rates and sediment sources during different soil erosion conditions,within a controlled laboratory *** experimental conditions created erosion events consistent with diffuse and convergent erosion *** tracers allowed the sediment transport distances of over 2 m to be described,and helped resolved the relative contribution of diffuse and convergent soil erosion;interrill areas were also iden-tified as a significant sediment sources soil loss under convergent erosion *** the potential for SfM photogrammetry to resolve sub-millimetre elevations changes was demonstrated,under some conditions non-erosional changes in surface elevation,such as compaction,exceeded volumes of soil loss via diffuse *** discrepancies between SfM Photogrammetry calculations and REO tagged sediment export were beneficial,identifying that during soil erosion events sediment in both aggregate and particle form is deposited within the convergent features,even when the rill extended the full length of the soil *** combination of SfM photogrammetry and REO tracers has provided a novel platform for building a spatial understanding of patterns of soil loss and source apportionment between rill and interrill erosion.

关键词： Soil erosion Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry Rare Earth Oxides Tracers Sediment Rainfall simulator Sheetwash Rilling Interrill

Perspectives on protected area and wildfire management in the Black Sea region

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 257-268页

作者： George n.Zaimes Petros A.Tsioras Chrysovalantis Kiosses Mustafa Tufekcioglu Sergiy Zibtsev Ilya Trombitsky Razvan Uratu Luiza Gevorgyan Department of Forestry and natural Environment Management Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology(EMaTTech)1st km Drama66100 MikrohoriouDramaGreece Department of Forestry and natural Environment Aristotle University of ThessalonikiP.O.Box 22754124 Thessalonı´kiGreece 66100 Choristi DramaGreece Artvin Coruh University ArtvinTurkey national University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine KievUkraine Eco-TIRAS International Association of River Keepers Chis¸ina˘uRepublic of Moldova Prefect’s Institution of Braila County BrailaRomania Zikatar Environmental Centre Ministry of Nature ProtectionYerevanRepublic of Armenia

Protected areas are necessary for the conservation and enhancement of *** are major threats to forests and other natural areas,because they may cause irreversible *** aim of this study was to analyze the perspective of experts(n=284),from six countries of the Black Sea,on the current status and problems of protected areas and *** their points of view could enhance future management on these issues in the *** collection was carried out for 9 months,using a web-based *** were perceived as a serious problem in Turkey,Armenia and Greece but as a substantially less serious problem in Romania,Ukraine and *** Greece,Armenia,and especially Ukraine,the current designated protected areas are considered sufficient to maintain biodiversity,while in Romania,Turkey,and especially Moldova,more areas should be designated as protected.A major need in all countries(except for Turkey)is the increased use of information and communication technologies for both wildfire suppression and protected area *** were divided on whether wildfire suppression and management of protected areas are ***,there is growing awareness of the adverse impacts of climate change in protected areas and the frequency of wildfires in the *** most frequently suggested measures to alleviate these impacts were:changes in forest management and increasing public awareness for wildfire suppression,along with changes in forest management and increased staff training to enhance protected area conservation.

关键词： Climate change Experts Forested areas Web-based questionnaires

Ozone during Stratospheric Warmings at Uccle

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1991年第2期8卷 251-255页

作者： V. n. R. Mukku C. S. Bhosale Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008 IndiaIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008 India

The day-to-day variations in ozone content at Uccle (51°n) during some stratospheric warming events are examined. In particular, the attention is focused on the timing of commencement of ozone enhancement prior to peak day of warming and on the relationship in the ozone content between the upper and lower stratosphere. These two features are compared with the predictions of ozone transport models. There seems to be an agreement between model predictions and observed features in some cases.

关键词： Ozone during Stratospheric Warmings at Uccle

Creating burdock polysaccharide-oleanolic acid-ursolic acid nanoparticles to deliver enhanced anti-inflammatory effects:fabrication,structural characterization and property evaluation

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第2期12卷 454-466页

作者： Shanshan Zhu Zhichang Qiu Xuguang Qiao Geoffrey I.n.Waterhouse Wenqing Zhu Wenting Zhao Qiuxia He Zhenjia Zheng Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes College of Food Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018China The School of Chemical Sciences The University of AucklandAuckland 1025New Zealand Institute of Agri-food Processing and nutrition Vegetable Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250103China

This study explored the potential of polysaccharides from Actium lappa(ALPs)as natural wall materials for producing ALP-based nanoparticles to deliver poorly water-soluble oleanolic acid(OA)and ursolic acid(UA).Encapsulating OA+UA with ALPs(ALP:OA+UA,50:1;OA:UA,1:1)changed the crystalline nature to a more amorphous state through hydrogen bonding and involving O-H/C-O/O-C-O ***-OA/UA nanoparticles had a particle size and zeta potential(in water)of 199.1 nm/-7.15 mV,with a narrow unimodal size distribution,and excellent pH,salt solution,temperature and storage *** with ALPs,ALPOA/UA nanoparticles showed enhanced anti-inflammatory activity(especially at a dose of 100μg/mL)in a CuSO-induced zebrafish inflammation model via down-regulating the nF-κB signalling pathway and gene expression of associated transcription factors and cytokines(TnF-α,IL-1βand IL-8).Therefore,ALP-based nanoparticles are natural and anti-inflammatory carriers for hydrophobic bioactive molecules.

关键词： Encapsulation Structural features Particle size Zeta potential Thermodynamic properties In vivo verification

Pre-sowing treatments for improved germination and growth of two rare native species of Bangladesh

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第5期29卷 1277-1282页

作者： M.A.Hossain K.S.Islam n.Rajasree M.K.Hossain M.S.Alam Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chittagong

Pre-sowing treatments are expected to increase seed *** evaluates response to pre-sowing treatments and the growth performance of two native and rare tree species,Garuga pinnata *** Vitex glabrata *** hard seed coats were treated by rubbing with sand paper,nail clipping,and immersion in water and acid（H_2SO_4）.Results indicate that *** showed a 90% germination rate and 30% germination energy when seed coats were nicked with a nail *** with sand paper was the best pre-sowing treatment for ***,resulting a 80% germination rate and 30% germination *** and *** seedlings from seeds soaked 24h in water resulted in maximum heights and collar *** were significantly higher（at p〈0.05） than those of other *** results indicate that scarification or nicking of seeds may have some negative impacts on seedling ***,it is difficult to recommend a pre-sowing treatment of seeds for achieving both maximum germination and good early seedling growth.

关键词： Germination Early seedling growth Height native species Garuga pinnata Vitex glabrata

God, guns, gold and glory: American character and its discontents

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Efficiency of local minima and GLM techniques in sinkhole extraction from a LiDAR-based terrain model

作者： (1940-)Langman Lauren (1964-)Lundskow George n.

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2019年第9期12卷 1067-1082页

作者： Péter Enyedi Melinda Pap Zoltán Kovács László Takács-Szilágyi Szilárd Szabó a Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Internet of Things Research Institute Eszterházy Károly University of Applied SciencesEgerHungary

The aim of this paper was to study reliable automated delineationpossibilities of karst sinkholes using a LiDAR-based digital terrain model(DTM) with pixel-based classifications. We applied two approaches toextract sinkholes: (1) general linear modeling (GLM) with morphometricindices derived from DTM;(2) and a local minima-based delineationusing only LiDAR DTM as the input layer. The outcome of the localminima was significantly different from the reference ones but found allthe sinkholes without previous knowledge of the area. The GLM-basedoutcome did not differ statistically from the reference. Results showedthat these approaches were efficient in detecting sinkholes based onLIDAR derivatives, and can be used for risk assessment and hazardpreparedness in karst areas: GLM had an overall accuracy of 89.5% andlocal minima had an accuracy of 92.3%;both methods identifiedsinkholes but also had commission errors, identifying depressions assinkholes.

关键词： Karst mapping sinkhole identification general linear model statistical evaluation sink fill

Estimation of aboveground biomass of arboreal species in the semi-arid region of Brazil using SAR(synthetic aperture radar)images

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第6期15卷 695-709页

作者： Janisson B de JESUS Tatiana M KUPLICH Íkaro D de C BARRETO Fernando L HILLEBRAnD Cristiano n da ROSA Postgraduate Program in Remote Sensing Federal University of Rio Grande do SulCampus ValePorto Alegre 91501970Brazil national Institute for Space Research(InPE) COESU(Southern Spatial Coordination)Santa Maria 97105970Brazil Postgraduate Program Biometry and Applied Statistics Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecife 52171900Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul(IFRS)Campus RolanteRolante 95690000Brazil Postgraduate Program in Remote Sensing Polar and Climate CenterFederal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 91501970Brazil

The Caatinga biome is an important ecosystem in the semi-arid region of *** has significantly degraded due to human activities and is currently a region undergoing ***,monitoring the variation in the Caatinga biome has become essential for its sustainable ***,traditional methods for estimating aboveground biomass(AGB)are time-consuming and *** sensing,such as optical and radar imaging,can estimate and correlate with ***,radar imaging is still a novelty to be applied in estimating the AGB of this biome,which is an area with little ***,this study aimed to use Sentinel-1 images to estimate the AGB of the Caatinga biome in Sergipe State(northeastern Brazil)and to verify its influencing *** sample plots(30 m×30 m)were selected,and the stems of individuals with a circumference at breast height(1.3 m above the ground)equal to or greater than 6.0 cm were measured,and the AGB through an allometric equation was *** Sentinel-1 images from 3 different periods(green,intermediate,and dry periods)were used to consider the phenological conditions of the Caatinga *** the pre-processing and extraction of attributes(co-polarized VV(vertical transmit and vertical receive),cross-polarized VH(vertical transmit and horizontal receive),and band ratio VH/VV backscatter,radar vegetation index,dual polarization synthetic aperture radar(SAR)vegetation index(DPSVI),entropy(H),and alpha angle(α))were performed with Sentinel’s Application *** attributes were used to estimate the AGB through simple and multiple linear regressions and evaluated by the coefficients of determination(R2),correlation(r),and root mean squared error(RMSE).The results showed that the attributes individually had little ability to estimate the AGB of the Caatinga biome in the three *** with multiple regression,we found that the intermediate period presented the equation with the best

关键词： Caatinga tropical dry forest coherent and incoherent attributes C-band Sentinel-1

Formation potential and analysis of 32 regulated and unregulated disinfection by-products: Two new simplified methods

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 209-221页

作者： Jillian n.Murakami Xu Zhang Joanne Ye Amy M.MacDonald Jorge Perez David W.Kinniburgh Susana Y.Kimura Department of Chemistry University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada Alberta Centre for Toxicology University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaT2N 4N1Canada

Water disinfection is an essential process that provides safe water by inactivating pathogens that cause waterborne diseases. However, disinfectants react with organic matter naturally present in water, leading to the formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs). Multi-analyte methods based on mass spectrometry(MS) are preferred to quantify multiple DBP classes at once however, most require extensive sample pre-treatment and significant resources. In this study, two analytical methods were developed for the quantification of 32 regulated and unregulated DBPs. A purge and trap(P&T) coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS) method was optimized that automated sample pre-treatment and analyzed volatile and semi-volatile compounds, including trihalomethanes(THMs), iodinated trihalomethanes(I-THMs), haloacetonitriles(HAns), haloketones(HKTs) and halonitromethanes(HnMs). LOQs were between 0.02-0.4 μg/L for most DBPs except for 8 analytes that were in the low μg/L range. A second method with liquid chromatography(LC) tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS) was developed for the quantification of 10 haloacetic acids(HAAs) with a simple clean-up and direct injection. The LC-MS/MS direct injection method has the lowest detection limits reported(0.2-0.5 μg/L). Both methods have a simple sample pre-treatment, which make it possible for routine analysis. Hyperchlorination and uniform formation conditions(UFC) formation potential tests with chlorine were evaluated with water samples containing high and low TOC. Hyperchlorination formation potential test maximized THMs and HAAs while UFC maximized HAns. Ascorbic acid was found to be an appropriate quencher for both analytical methods. Disinfected drinking water from four water utilities in Alberta, Canada were also evaluated.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts Purge and trap LC-MS/MS Drinking water DBP formation potential HAAs HAns