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Design analysis for ultra-low crosstalk in high core count heterogeneous multicore fiber

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Optoelectronics Letters 2021年第10期17卷 616-621页

作者： Dablu kumar Rakesh ranjan OFC and Photonics Lab Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringNational Institute of Technology PatnaPatna 800005India

Design analysis of high core count(36-core,37-core)un-coupled multicore fiber(MCF)using the heterogeneous core has been proposed,to achieve the high spatial efficiency and ultra-low crosstalk(~-81 d B/100 km)under the limited cladding diameter of 300μ*** realize the ultra-low crosstalk level between the neighboring cores,the combination of two crosstalk reduction approaches,trench-assisted(TA)core and propagation direction interleaving(PDI)technique has been *** forward and backward crosstalk characterizations have been studied in heterogeneous MCF with respect to fiber bending radius,wavelength,transmission distance,and core-pitch with both normal step-index and trench-assisted cores under single-mode propagation condition.

关键词： crosstalk fiber trench

Evaluation of load transfer mechanism under axial loads in a novel coupler of dual height rock bolts

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第2期31卷 225-232页

作者： ranjan kumar Prabhat kumar Mandal Ashish Narayan Arka Jyoti Das CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research DhanbadJharkhand 826015India Chaibasa Engineering College KelendeJharkhand 833201India

The effective reinforcement of two or more overlying layers of mine openings in a single installation is usually done by coupling of two standard rock bolts mainly during the extraction of medium-thick coal ***,field observations show that the couplers of multiple bolts often degrade or break mostly at their *** types of failures can be avoided by strengthening the couplers of such multi-bolts *** achieve this,a novel threaded coupler system with an expansion shell was suggested in this *** newly designed coupler consists of a threaded tapered-plug-cumconnector with an expansion shell for connecting and tightening two standard rock *** analytical model for evaluating the load distribution along the coupler subject to axial load was *** analysis was performed to analyse the load transfer,deformation,and strains across the coupler including the factor of safety for the bolt-coupler-resin and bolt-coupler-expansion *** results validated the analytical model of the proposed coupler design,which provides better anchorage near the interface of the host rock ***,the developed coupler design would reduce the failures of the proposed coupler and stabilize laminated roof strata above the medium-thick coal seams in underground mines.

关键词： Roof rock reinforcement Dual height rock bolts Rock bolt coupler Expansion shell Underground mining Laminated roof strata

Multi-phase computer modeling and laboratory study of dust capture by an inertial Vortecone scrubber

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第3期30卷 287-291页

作者： Ashish ranjan kumar Steven Schafrik Thomas Novak Department of Mining Engineering University of Kentucky504 Rose Street230 Mining and Mineral Resources BuildingLexingtonKY 40506United States

Dust generated in mining and tunneling activities is hazardous to health of persons and safety of operations. These projects employ pick-milling machines to extract minerals and rock by mechanical *** machines are equipped with flooded-bed scrubbers that encase dust particles within fine water films as particles encounter a flooded wire-mesh screen. A major disadvantage is that the screen gets clogged when particles become trapped within the wire mesh, reducing airflow through the scrubber and increasing ambient dust concentrations. Thus, the system requires frequent maintenance or replacement. The application of a Vortecone scrubber as an improved alternative to conventional fibrous type scrubbers is investigated. A Vortecone forces dust-laden air and water to follow a complex, rapidly swirling *** momentum drives dust particles towards the periphery where they are captured by the water *** operating characteristics of a reduced-scale physical model of a Vortecone, with its primary axis mounted in the horizontal orientation, was analyzed numerically and experimentally. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) models depicting the spraying action and multi-phase air/water flows using the volume of fraction(VOF) approach, are presented. Experimental results, utilizing an optical particle counting technique to establish the dust-cleaning capabilities of the model, are also described.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) Process safety Multi-phase flows Volume of fraction(VOF) Dust-capture Cleaning efficiency

Appropriate method of core selection and crosstalk optimization in single-mode homogeneous multicore fiber

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Optoelectronics Letters 2020年第2期16卷 126-130页

作者： DABLU kumar RAKESH ranjan Optical Fiber Communication and Photonics Lab Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringNational Institute of Technology(NIT)PatnaPatna 800005India

The approach for homogeneous core structure design and selection based on low crosstalk, low dispersion, and acceptable mode effective area have been explored. The forward and backward crosstalk behaviors with respect to wavelength, fiber bending radius, and twisting rate in 12-core, and 21-core single-mode trench-assisted homogenous multicore fiber have been analyzed. The new expression for forward crosstalk under bending and twisting conditions has been derived using the conventional method. For the analysis and optimization of crosstalk, three different core structures are considered, it helps to draw the attention to select the appropriate core structure model for multicore fiber, which follows the standards used in telecom services.

关键词： crosstalk fiber trench

Impact of Cumulative Exposure to Circulating Ovarian Sex Hormones on Increasing the Risk of Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

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Journal of Bio-X Research 2024年第1期7卷 36-43页

作者： Swati Sucharita Mohanty Sumit Subhadarshi Mohanty Soumya Surath Panda Chita ranjan Sahoo Prafulla kumar Mohanty Rabindra Nath Padhy Siksha O Anusandhan University Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital BhubaneswarOdishaIndia Regional Medical Research Centre Bhubaneswar BhubaneswarOdishaIndia Khallikote Unitary University BrahmapurOdishaIndia

There were 2.3 million new cases of breast cancer registered in 2020,establishing it as the world’s leading *** regular exposure of breast cells to circulating ovarian sex hormones may contribute to cancer growth at all stages.A literature review was performed by downloading research articles from PubMed Central,with keywords such as breast cancer,hormone exposure in breast cancer,estrogen/progesterone exposure in breast cancer,and breast cancer risk *** breast cancer is a hormone-related disease,several factors that influence hormonal conditions or are indicators of alterations in hormonal conditions have been linked with the risk for breast ***,an elevated risk for breast cancer has been related to reproductive history and exogenous estrogen exposure because they may amplify lifetime estrogen *** these factors address the total cumulative exposure to circulating ovarian sex hormones that a female is vulnerable to in her lifetime.A healthy lifestyle,a more extended breastfeeding period,and regular physical activity may help lower one’s *** review summarizes the factors that increase the risk of estrogen/progesterone(hormone receptor)receptor-positive breast cancer due to overall cumulative estrogen exposure,with an understanding of estrogen biosynthesis mechanisms and estrogen receptor signaling.

关键词： alterations elevated exposure

Impacts of soil fertility management on productivity and economics of rice and fodder intercropping systems under rainfed conditions in Odisha,India

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第12期20卷 3114-3126页

作者： Dilip kumar BASTIA Subrat kumar BEHERA Manas ranjan PANDA All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology(OUAT)Phulbani 762001India

Under small and marginal farm conditions,allocation of land exclusively for forages is not ***,integration of forages in existing crop geometry can ensure production of grain and fodder,simultaneously under rainfed *** experiment was conducted to study the effect of different nutrient management practices on rice and fodder intercropping systems under rainfed conditions during *** intercropping system comprised(i)sole rice(R),(ii)rice and cowpea(5:2)(CP)and(iii)rice and ricebean(5:2)(RB)whereas the different nutrient management practices comprised(i)application of farm yard manure(FYM)at 5t ha^(-1)(farmers'practice)(N_(1)),(ii)application of inorganic fertilizer(recommended dose of fertilizer(RDF)of rice,60:30:30 kg ha^(-1) of N:P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O)(N_(2))and(iii)application of both FYM at 5t ha^(-1) and 50%of RDF inorganic fertilizer(N3).The results of the experiment revealed that the growth attribute such as leaf area was influenced significantly when fodder crops were taken as intercrops because rice plant was getting more nitrogen from soil due to nitrogen fixation of leguminous fodder *** the nutrient management practices,significant differences in leaf area were found beween N2 and and between N_(3)and N_(1)***,regarding total number of effective tillers,significant differences were found neither between nutrient management practices nor between cropping *** rice equivalent yield(REY)based on price(REY_(P))was found to be significantly lower in CP(2615 kg ha^(-1);-6.4%)and RB intercropping systems(2571 kg ha^(-1);-8.0%)than in R monocropping system(2794 kg ha^(-1)).However,the REY based on energy(REY_(E))of CP(2999 kg ha^(-1);+7.3%)and RB(2960 kg ha^(-1);+5.9%)were found to be significantly higher than that of R(2794 kg ha^(-1))irrespective of nutrient management *** different nutrient management practices,the N3 treatment recorded the highest REY_(P)and REY_(E)which was at par with

关键词： rice-based intercropping system fodder cultivation nutrient management rice and cowpea fodder intercropping system rice and ricebean fodder intercropping system

Pattern of spatial variability in granulometric and mineralogical characteristics across an ecologically sensitive sub-tropical wetland(Bihar, India)

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第4期38卷 516-529页

作者： Alvia Aslam Rajesh kumar ranjan Avinash Dass Department of Environmental Science Central University of South Bihar

Floodplain wetlands are dynamic systems undergoing frequent hydro-sedimentological changes. Tropical/subtropical wetlands have even more pronounced climatic and biological influences on the sediment dynamics. In the current study, a protected subtropical wetland in Bihar(India) has been assessed for its sedimentary and mineralogical status. Sediment characteristics and associated granulometric parameters are discussed to highlight the wetland’s hydrogeomorphic character, energy dimension, and the depositional processes taking place. Statistical grain size parameters like graphic mean, graphic skewness,graphic kurtosis, and their interrelations studies have helped in understanding the sources of deposited materials. Multivariate statistics have identified, sand fractions, measures of central tendencies(mean,median, and mode), percent organic matter(%OM) and percent carbonates(%carbonates) as primary factors explaining the maximum variance in the data. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test has identified %sand, %clay, electrical conductivity(EC), and %carbonates as the major factors responsible for significant spatial variability. The grain texture analysis shows that the majority of samples fall in the brackets of clayey silt; silty sand; and sand, silt, and clay. Common mineral components associated with these are quartz, feldspar, clay minerals, etc. The range for the mean grain size lies between 3Φ to 9Φ(Φ is diameter of the sediments) where most of the grain size distributions are symmetrically to fine symmetrically skewed, indicating intermediate energy to adjust to environmental conditions. The granulometric and physicochemical characteristics of the sediment samples also indicate the directional distribution pattern of sediment along the hydrological pathway. Future studies concentrating on the fluvial discharges of water and sediment will be highly insightful in reconstructing the past net sediment accumulation processes in the Baraila Wetland.

关键词： Grain size analysis Hydrodynamic energy Mineralogy Allogenic source Terrigenous input Wetland

Modelling of Wideband Concentric Ring Frequency Selective Surface for 5G Devices

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 341-361页

作者： Ankush Kapoor Pradeep kumar ranjan Mishra Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering CollegeSundernagar175018India Discipline of Electrical Electronic and Computer EngineeringUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4041South Africa Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradun248007India

Frequency selective surfaces(FSSs)play an important role in wireless systems as these can be used as filters,in isolating the unwanted radiation,in microstrip patch antennas for improving the performance of these antennas and in other 5G *** analysis and design of the double concentric ring frequency selective surface(DCRFSS)is presented in this *** the sub-6 GHz 5G FR1 spectrum,a computational synthesis technique for creating DCRFSS based spatial filters is *** analytical tools presented in this study can be used to gain a better understanding of filtering processes and for constructing the spatial *** of the loop sizes,angles of incidence,and polarization of the concentric rings are the factors which influence the transmission coefficient as per the thorough investigation performed in this paper.A novel synthesis approach based on mathematical equations that may be used to determine the physical parameters ofDCRFSSbased spatial filters is *** proposed synthesis technique is validated by comparing results from high frequency structure simulator(HFSS),Ansys electronic desktop circuit editor,and an experimental ***,the findings acquired from a unit cell are expanded to a 2×2 array,which shows identical performance and therefore proves its stability.

关键词： Spatial filters double concentric ring frequency selective surface(DCRFSS) angle of incidence finite element method(FEM) polarization angles

Optical performance of hybrid dielectric loaded plasmonic waveguide using PTFE for nano-scale light confinement

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Optoelectronics Letters 2020年第4期16卷 284-289页

作者： Pintu kumar Dharmendra kumar Singh Rakesh ranjan Optical Fiber Communication and Photonics Lab Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringNational Institute of Technology(NIT)PatnaPatna 800005India

Different characteristics of fundamental mode of hybrid dielectric loaded plasmonic waveguide have been explored at1550 nm wavelength,to resolve the issue of large propagation loss and diffraction limit with minimal waveguide *** length of 432μm has been achieved with the optimal dimension of 200 nm×40 *** the numerical simulation results,the effective area of 0.021μm^2 and normalized intensity of 40.71μm^-2 in the spacer region of the waveguide have been *** accomplish the ultra-compact directional coupler,the smaller coupling length of about 1.42μm has been ***-based waveguide can be highly beneficial for the realization of monolithic integration with active optical devices.

关键词： waveguide dielectric loaded