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Stability and solubility improvement of Sompoi(Acacia concinna Linn.) pod extract by topical microemulsion

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第4期12卷 386-393页

作者： Worrapan Poomanee Wantida Chaiyana R.randall Wickett Pimporn Leelapornpisid Faculty of Pharmacy Chiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand James L.Winkle College of Pharmacy University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUSA

The aim of this study was to enhance the solubility and stability of Acacia concinna extract by loading in a microemulsion for topical application. Both physical appearance and biological activities of the extract-loaded microemulsion were determined in comparison with the extract solution. Pseudoternary phase diagrams of three oil types including tea seed oil, grape seed oil, and sesame oil, together with polysorbate 85 or the mixture of polysorbate 85 and sorbitan oleate as surfactants, and absolute ethanol as a co-surfactant were constructed to optimize the microemulsion area. The selected microemulsion was then characterized for droplet size, polydispersity index, and viscosity. Tea seed oil exhibited the highest microemulsion area in the phase diagram because it had the highest unsaturated fatty acid content. The microemulsion composed of tea seed oil(5%), polysorbate 85(40%), ethanol(20%), and water(35%) exhibited Newtonian flow behavior with the droplet size and polydispersity index of 68.03 ± 1.09 nm and 0.44 ± 0.04, respectively. After 4% w/w of the extract was incorporated into the microemulsion, larger droplets size was observed(239.77 ± 12.69 nm)with a lower polydispersity index(0.37 ± 0.02). After storage in various conditions, both physical appearances and the stability of biological activity of the extract-loaded microemulsion were improved compared to the solution. Therefore, the A. concinna loaded microemulsion may be a promising carrier for further development into a topical formulation and clinical trials for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications are also suggested.

关键词： Microemulsions Stability Acacia concinna Linn Antioxidant activity Lipid peroxidation Antityrosinase activity

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Multilocus phylogeny suggests a distinct species status for the Nepal population of Assam macaques(Macaca assamensis):implications for evolution and conservation

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Zoological Research 2021年第1期42卷 3-13页

作者： Laxman Khanal Mukesh Kumar Chalise Peng-Fei Fan randall CKyes Xue-Long Jiang Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44613Nepal State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650203China Nepal Biodiversity Research Society(NEBORS) Lalitpur 23513Nepal School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510275China Department of Psychology Global Healthand AnthropologyCenter for Global Field Studyand Washington National Primate Research CenterUniversity of WashingtonSeattle 98195USA

Phylogenetic relationships within the sinica-group of macaques based on morphological,behavioral,and molecular characteristics have remained *** Nepal population of Assam macaques(Macaca assamensis)(NPAM),the westernmost population of the species,is morphologically distinct but has never been used in phylogenetic ***,the phylogenetic relationship of NPAM with other congeners was tested using multiple mitochondrial and Ychromosomal *** divergence times and evolutionary genetic distances among macaques were also *** revealed two major mitochondrial DNA clades of macaques under the sinica-group:the first clade included ***,***,and eastern subspecies of Assam macaque(*** assamensis);the second clade included *** together with species from the eastern and central Himalaya,namely,***,***,and *** the second-clade species,NPAM was the first to diverge from the other members of the clade around 1.9 million years *** results revealed that NPAM is phylogenetically distinct from the eastern Assam macaques and closer to other species and hence may represent a separate *** of its phylogenetic distinctiveness,isolated distribution,and small population size,the Nepal population of sinica-group macaques warrants detailed taxonomic revision and high conservation priority.

关键词： Himalaya Macaques Paraphyletic sinica-group Taxonomy

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Household perceptions and subjective valuations of indoor residual spraying programmes to control malaria in northern Uganda

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 920-932页

作者： Zachary S.Brown randall A.Kramer David Ocan Christine Oryema Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Nicholas School of the Environment Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Gulu University Gulu TownUganda

Background:Insecticide-based tools remain critical for controlling vector-borne diseases in *** public support from targeted populations for such tools is an important component in sustaining their long-run *** little quantitative evidence is available on the perceived benefits and costs of vector control programmes among targeted ***:A survey was administered to a clustered random sample of 612 households in Gulu and Oyam districts of northern Uganda during a period of very high malaria transmission and following a pilot indoor residual spray(IRS)programme.A discrete choice experiment was conducted within the survey,in which respondents indicated their preferences for different IRS programmes relative to money compensation in a series of experimentally controlled,hypothetical choice *** data were analysed using conditional logit regression models to estimate respondents’willingness to accept(WTA)some amount of money compensation in lieu of foregone malaria risk *** class models were used to analyse whether respondent characteristics predicted ***:Average WTA is estimated at$8.94 annually for a 10%reduction in malaria risk,and additional co-benefits of IRS were estimated to be worth on average$54–$56(depending on insecticide type)per round of *** heterogeneity is observed:Four in five household heads in northern Uganda have high valuations for IRS programmes,while the remaining 20%experience costly side effects of IRS(valued at between$2 and$3 per round).Statistically significant predictors of belonging to the high-value group include respondent gender,mean age of household members,participation in previous IRS,basic knowledge of mosquito reproduction,and the number of mosquito nets *** for household income and wealth are not found to be statistically significant predictors of ***:This study suggests that the majority of people in areas of high malaria transmission

关键词： annually programme income

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The role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in tumor progression

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BIOCELL 2023年第8期47卷 1757-1769页

作者： CARL randall HARREL VALENTIN DJONOV ANA VOLAREVIC DRAGICA PAVLOVIC VLADISLAV VOLAREVIC Regenerative Processing Plant LLCFloridaUSA Institute of Anatomy University of BernBernSwitzerland Department of Psychology Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevacSerbia Department of Genetics Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevacSerbia Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevacSerbia

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSC-Exos)are nano-sized extracellular vesicles enriched with bioactive molecules,such as microRNAs,enzymes,cytokines,chemokines,immunomodulatory,trophic,and growth *** molecules regulate the survival,phenotype,and function of malignant and tumor-infiltrated immune *** to their nano-size and bilayer lipid envelope,MSC-Exos can easily bypass biological barriers and may serve as drug carriers to deliver chemotherapeutics directly into the tumor ***,we summarize current knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms responsible for MSC-Exos-dependent modulation of tumor progression and discuss insights regarding the therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in the treatment of malignant diseases.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells Exosomes Immune response Therapy Malignant diseases

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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as new remedy for the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases

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BIOCELL 2022年第10期46卷 2195-2200页

作者： CARL randall HARRELL ANA VOLAREVIC DRAGICA PAVLOVIC VALENTIN DJONOV VLADISLAV VOLAREVIC Regenerative Processing Plant Palm HarborFloridaUSA Department of Cognitive Psychology Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevacSerbia Institute of Anatomy University of BernBernSwitzerland Department of Genetics Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevacSerbia Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevacSerbia

Detrimental immune response has a crucially important role in the development and progression of inflammatory eye *** mediators and proteolytic enzymes released by activated immune cells induce serious injury of corneal epithelial cells and retinal ganglion cell which may result in the vision *** stem cells(MSCs)are regulatory cells which produce various immunosuppressive factors that modulate phenotype and function of inflammatory immune ***,several safety issues,including undesired differentiation and emboli formation,limit clinical use of ***-derived exosomes(MSC-Exos)are nano-sized extracellular vesicles which contain all MSC-derived immunoregulatory *** administration of MSCExos efficiently attenuated eye inflammation and significantly improved visual acuity in experimental animals without causing any severe side *** cell-free product,MSC-Exos addressed all safety issues related to the transplantation of ***,MSC-Exos could be considered as potentially new remedy for the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases which efficacy should be explored in up-coming clinical trials.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells Exosomes Inflammation Eye Therapy

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The effects of temperature on decomposition and allelopathic phytotoxicity of boneseed litter

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 1-11页

作者： Md.Abdullah Yousuf Al Harun Joshua Johnson Md.Nazim Uddin randall W.Robinson Institute for Sustainability and Innovation College of Engineering and Science Victoria UniversityMelbourne

Decomposition of plant litter is a fundamental process in ecosystem function, carbon and nutrient cycling and, by extension, climate change. This study aimed to investigate the role of temperature on the decomposition of water soluble phenolics（WSP）, carbon and soil nutrients in conjunction with the phytotoxicity dynamics of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera（boneseed） litter. Treatments consisted of three factors including decomposition materials（litter alone, litter with soil and soil alone）, decomposition periods and temperatures（5-15, 15-25and 25-35°C（night/day））. Leachates were collected on 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 th days to analyse physico-chemical parameters and phytotoxicity. Water soluble phenolics and dissolved organic carbon（DOC） increased with increasing temperature while nutrients like SO-24 and NO-13 decreased. Speed of germination, hypocotyl and radical length and weight of Lactuca sativa exposed to leachates were decreased with increasing decomposition temperature. All treatment components had significant effects on these parameters. There had a strong correlation between DOC and WSP, and WSP content of the leachates with radical length of test species. This study identified complex interactivity among temperature, WSP, DOC and soil nutrient dynamics of litter occupied soil and that these factors work together to influence phytotoxicity.

关键词： Temperature Boneseed Phenolics DOC Nutrient cycling Phytotoxicity

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Suicide transport blockade of motor neuron survival generates a focal graded injury and functional deficit

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1281-1287页

作者： Allison S.Liang Joanna E.Pagano Christopher A.Chrzan randall D.McKinnon Department of Neurosurgery Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNJUSA Member The Cancer Institute of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJUSA

We describe a pre-clinical spinal cord motor neuron injury model that is minimal invasive, reproducible, focal and easily applied to small *** axonal transport of a pro-apoptotic phosphatidylinosotol 3'-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, via the sciatic nerve results in loss of ipsilateral lumbar motor neurons proportional to the level of drug *** neuron loss was detected by choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) immunostaining and with a transgenic thy1-eGFP *** short half-life of wortmannin generates minimal wound spread, and wortmannin does not affect axon transport, as determined by co-injection of a pseudorabies virus *** quantitative transcript analysis, we found that ChAT transcripts significantly decreased at 14 days post-delivery of 1 μg wortmannin, relative to sham controls, and remained low after 90 *** effects were observed with 200 ng and 100 ng *** also generated a transient and significant increase in astrocyte Gfap transcripts after 14 days with a return to control levels at 90 *** mice had hind limb spasticity and a forced motor function defect that was quantified using a water exit *** rapidly exit a shallow water tray, and wortmannin treated animals were up to 12-fold slower, a phenotype that persisted for at least 3 *** the focal delivery of wortmannin to motor neurons generates a reproducible and scalable injury that can facilitate quantitative studies on neural regeneration and *** efficacy of sciatic nerve suicide transport can also explain neurotoxin-mediated selective loss of motor neurons in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral *** procedures were performed at Rutgers under established Institutional Animal Care and Use protocols(eIACUC_TR201800022, approved on March 20, 2018).

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis injury motor function motor neuron PI3'kinase sciatic nerve suicide transport wortmannin

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INTEGRATION OF THE MODELS OF ANNAGNPS AND REMM TO ASSESS RIPARIAN BUFFER SYSTEM FOR SEDIMENT REDUCTION

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2007年第1期22卷 60-69页

作者： Ronald BINGNER randall WILLIAMS Richard LOWRANCE David BOSCH Joe SHERIDAN Ph.D Agricultural Engineer USDA-Agricultural Research Science -National Sedimentation Laboratory P.O. Box 1157 Oxford MS 38655 USA Agricultural Engineer USDA-Agricultural Research Science -National Sedimentation Laboratory 2316 RAINWATER RD TIFTON GA 31793 Ph.D Ecologist USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory P.O. Box 748 2379 Rainwater Road Tifton Georgia 31793 USA Ph.D Research Hydraulic Engineer USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory P.O. Box 748 2316 RAINWATER RD Tifton Georgia 31793 Ph.D Research Hydraulic Engineer USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory P.O. Box 748 2316 RAINWATER RD Tifton Georgia 31793

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution model (AnnAGNPS) is used to help evaluate a watershed response to agricultural management practices to control water quality. However, AnnAGNPS version 3.5 does not contain features to estimate the effect of a riparian buffer (RB) system on water quality. The Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM) is used to simulate the impact of riparian buffer systems on water quality. However, frequently the lack of measured upland loadings that are required by REMM simulation limits the application of REMM. To address this data gap, a study was conducted to integrate AnnAGNPS with REMM for RB system simulation. AnnAGNPS was used to simulate water and sediment loadings from an upland field into a three-zone RB system at the Gibbs Farm located in the Georgia coastal plain. These AnnAGNPS outputs were used as the inputs to REMM. REMM was used to simulate water and sediment movement along the riparian buffers. The AnnAGNPS simulated amount of annual runoff at the edge of the field was close to observed amounts (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.92). It is believed that a substantial portion of sand was removed from the runoff one meter into the grass buffer where the samplers were located; therefore, sand was excluded from the AnnAGNPS simulation for comparison with observed sediment. Excluding sand, the AnnAGNPS predicted amount of annual sediment matches the observed amount fairly well (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.46). In addition, based on evaluating the percent reduction of sediment at each zonal interface, the AnnAGNPS/REMM model well simulated the function of the RB system to reduce sediment.

关键词： AnnAGNPS REMM Watershed modeling Riparian buffer systems Runoff Sediment simulation

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Understanding fluorine-free electrolytes via small-angle X-ray scattering

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 340-346,I0009页

作者： Kun Qian Zhou Yu Yuzi Liu David J.Gosztola randall E.Winans Lei Cheng Tao Li Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA Materials Science Division and Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA X-ray Science Division and Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA

Fluorine-free electrolytes have attracted great attention because of its low-cost and environmental friendliness. However, so far, little is known about the solution structures of these electrolytes. Here,we compare the solvation phenomenon of sodium tetraphenylborate(NaBPh_(4)) salt dissolved in organic solvents of propylene carbonate(PC), 1,2-dimethoxyethane(DME), acetonitrile(ACN) and tetrahydrofuran(THF). Small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) reveals a unique two-peak structural feature in this saltconcentrated PC electrolyte, while solutions using other solvents only have one scattering *** dynamics(MD) simulations further reveal that there are anion-based clusters in addition to the short-range charge ordering in the concentrated NaBPh4/PC electrolyte. Raman spectroscopy confirms the existence of considerable contact ion pairs(CIPs). This work emphasizes the importance of global and local structural analysis, which will provide valuable clues for understanding the structureperformance relationship of electrolytes.

关键词： Fluorine-free electrolytes Sodium-ion batteries Small-angle X-ray scattering Solvation structures Sodium tetraphenylborate

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Cyclooxygenase-2 and the inflammogenesis of breast cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第4期5卷 677-692页

作者： randall E Harris Bruce C Casto Zachary M Harris The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH 43210-1351 United States College of Medicine and College of Public Health Center of Molecular Epidemiology and Environmental Health The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus OH 43210-1351 United States

Cohesive scientific evidence from molecular, animal, and human investigations supports the hypothesis that constitutive overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) is a ubiquitous driver of mammary carcinogenesis, and reciprocally, that COX-2 blockade has strong potential for breast cancer prevention and therapy. Key findings include the following:(1) COX-2 is constitutively expressed throughout breast cancer development and expression intensifies with stage at detection, cancer progression and metastasis;(2) essential features of mammary carcinogenesis(mutagenesis, mitogenesis, angiogenesis, reduced apoptosis, metastasis and immunosuppression) are linked to COX-2-driven prostaglandin E2(PGE-2) biosynthesis;(3) upregulation of COX-2 and PGE-2 expression induces transcription of CYP-19 and aromatase-catalyzed estrogen biosynthesis which stimulates unbridled mitogenesis;(4) extrahe-patic CYP-1B1 in mammary adipose tissue converts paracrine estrogen to carcinogenic quinones with mutagenic impact; and(5) agents that inhibit COX-2 reduce the risk of breast cancer in women without disease and reduce recurrence risk and mortality in women with breast cancer. Recent sharp increases in global breast cancer incidence and mortality are likely driven by chronic inflammation of mammary adipose and upregulation of COX-2 associated with the obesity pandemic. The totality of evidence clearly supports the supposition that mammary carcinogenesis often evolves as a progressive series of highly specific cellular and molecular changes in response to induction of constitutive overexpression of COX-2 and the prostaglandin cascade in the "inflammogenesis of breast cancer".

关键词： Breast Cancer Cyclooxygenase-2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Inflammogenesis Estrogen Aromatase

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