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管理世界 2010年第4期26卷 149-165页

作者： randall morck Daniel Wolfenzon Bernard Yeung 杨贤(译) 卢昌崇(译) 阿尔伯特大学及国家经济调研局纽约大学斯德恩商学院及国家经济调研局新加坡国立大学东北财经大学工商管理学院不详

（七）政治经济学视角的考虑尽管几乎每一个国家都存在着不平等的现象，但上述表明，金字塔控制将财富上的巨额不平等进一步放大，使之在公司控制权方面也出现了事实上的巨大差距和不平等。金字塔控制实际上是将许多国家多数企业的治理... 详细信息

（七）政治经济学视角的考虑尽管几乎每一个国家都存在着不平等的现象，但上述表明，金字塔控制将财富上的巨额不平等进一步放大，使之在公司控制权方面也出现了事实上的巨大差距和不平等。金字塔控制实际上是将许多国家多数企业的治理权托付给少数精英和现有的家族来行使，而这些人在很大程度上就是寡头政治。公司治理权集中的程度是衡量具有两个极点的资本主义经济的尺度。

关键词：公司治理经济增长设防资本主义经济寡头政治经济学视角公司控制金字塔

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公司治理，经济设防与经济增长(上)

管理世界 2010年第3期26卷 150-167页

作者： randall morck Daniel Wolfenzon Bernard Yeung 杨贤卢昌崇(译) 阿尔伯特大学及国家经济调研局纽约大学斯德恩商学院及国家经济调研局纽约大学斯德恩商学院东北财经大学工商管理学院

在英美以外的国家，大型股份公司通常都由那些身价百亿的家族来控制。金字塔式结构、交叉持股和超权股使得这些家族能够“四两拨千斤”，实现对企业的控制，与其资本投资额并不般配。结果是，很多国家的国民经济也主要由这样几个少数家... 详细信息

在英美以外的国家，大型股份公司通常都由那些身价百亿的家族来控制。金字塔式结构、交叉持股和超权股使得这些家族能够“四两拨千斤”，实现对企业的控制，与其资本投资额并不般配。结果是，很多国家的国民经济也主要由这样几个少数家族来控制。这就产生了3个问题。

关键词：经济增长公司治理设防股份公司金字塔式交叉持股国民经济家族

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利益相关者之间的和谐(英文)

利益相关者之间的和谐(英文)

北京论坛（2007）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——人类文明的多元发展模式

作者： randall morck Bernard Yeung University of Alberta Stern New York University

Corporate governance matters because how corporations allocate the nation’s capital matters. Many developed economies mandate that corporations be run for their public *** is not because shareholders are superior to employees,bankers,bondholders,customers,suppliers,or other ***,it is because poor governance usually harms public shareholders before other *** engineered disclosure rules make corporations transparent,so poor governance quickly depresses share prices,alarming shareholders who demand corrective measures. Ideally,all this happens before the problem grows large enough to harm other stakeholders. Governing corporations for shareholders really amounts to ’using’ shareholders as early warning alarms and automatic correction *** sound government policies are necessary,for this works if corporations are rendered transparent and public shareholders are empowered to force *** stakeholders cannot fulfill this role as well because shareholders’ wealth is more directly linked to the their corporation’s economic efficiency.

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中国的食品安全:问题与行动(英文)

中国的食品安全:问题与行动(英文)

Evolutionary computation in zoology and ecology

北京论坛（2007）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——人类文明的多元发展模式

作者： randall morck Bernard Yeung University of Alberta Stern New York University

Recently product safety in China took international *** Chinese government,on the one hand called on the international community to make balanced judgment,on the other hand assigned a highly visible and respected Vice...

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 675-686页

作者： randall B. BOONE Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and the Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability ColoradoState University Fort Collins CO 80523-1499 USA

Evolutionary computational methods have adopted attributes of natural selection and evolution to solve problems in computer science, engineering, and other fields. The method is growing in use in zoology and ecology. Evolutionary principles may be merged with an agent-based modeling perspective to have individual animals or other agents compete. Four main categories are discussed： genetic algorithms, evolutionary programming, genetic programming, and evolutionary strategies. In evolutionary computation, a population is represented in a way that allows for an objective function to be assessed that is relevant to the problem of interest. The poorest performing members are removed from the population, and remaining members reproduce and may be mutated. The fitness of the members is again assessed, and the cycle continues until a stopping condition is met. Case studies include optimizing： egg shape given different clutch sizes, mate selection, migration of wildebeest, birds, and elk, vulture foraging behavior, algal bloom prediction, and species richness given energy constraints. Other case studies simulate the evolution of species and a means to project shifts in species ranges in response to a changing climate that includes competition and phenotypic plasticity. This introduction concludes by citing other uses of evolutionary computation and a review of the flexibility of the methods. For example, representing species＇ niche spaces subject to selective pressure allows studies on cladistics, the taxon cycle, neutral versus niche paradigms, fundamental versus realized niches, community structure and order of colonization, invasiveness, and responses to a changing climate.

关键词： agent-based modeling case studies evolutionary programming evolutionary strategies genetic algorithms geneticprogramming.

Examination of literature on colloidal dispersion gels for oil recovery

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Petroleum Science 2021年第4期18卷 1097-1114页

作者： Dongmei Wang randall S.Seright University of North Dakota United States New Mexico Tech United States

This paper examines literature that claims,suggests,or implies that floods with"colloidal dispersion gels"(CDGs)are superior to polymer floods for oil *** motivation for this report is *** CDGs can propagate deep into the porous rock of a reservoir,and at the same time,provide resistance factors or residual resistance factors that are greater than those for the same polymer formulation without the crosslinker,then CDGs should be used in place of polymer solutions for most/all polymer,surfactant,and ASP *** contrast,if the claims are not valid,(1)money spent on crosslinker in the CDG formulations was wasted,(2)the mobility reduction/mobility control for CDG field projects was under-designed,and(3)reservoir performance could have been damaged by excessive loss of polymer,face-plugging by gels,and/or excessive fracture *** this review,the clear answer is that there is no credible evidence that colloidal dispersion gels can propagate deep into the porous rock of a reservoir,and at the same time,provide resistance factors or residual resistance factors that are greater than those for the same polymer formulation without the *** have been sold using a number of misleading and invalid *** commonly,Hall plots are claimed to demonstrate that CDGs provide higher resistance factors and/or residual resistance factors than normal polymer ***,because Hall plots only monitor injection pressures at the wellbore,they reflect the composite of face plugging/formation damage,in-situ mobility changes,and fracture *** plots cannot distinguish between these effects-so they cannot quantify in situ resistance factors or residual resistance *** studiesdwhere CDG gelants were forced through short cores during 2-3 h-have incorrectly been cited as proof that CDGs will propagate deep(hundreds of feet)into the porous rock of a reservoir over the course of *** contrast,most legitimate laboratory s

关键词： Conformance improvement Colloidal dispersion gels Polymer flooding Mobility control

Visual rating and the use of image analysis for assessing canopy density in a pecan provenance collection during leaf fall

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第6期34卷 1843-1854页

作者： Cristina Pisani Clive H.Bock Jennifer randall United States Department of Agriculture−Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS)Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Station(SEFTNRS)ByronGA 31008USA Department of Entomology Plant Pathology and Weed ScienceNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA

A collection representing the native range of pecan was planted at the US DA-ARS Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Station,Byron,*** collection(867 trees)is a valuable genetic resource for characterizing important horticultural *** density during leaf fall is important as the seasonal canopy dynamics provides insights to environmental cues and breeding potential of *** ability of visual raters to estimate canopy density on a subset of the provenance collection(76 trees)as an indicator of leaf shed during autumn along with image analysis values was *** canopy density using the image analysis software was less compared to visual estimates(11.9%vs 18.4%,respectively).At higher canopy densities,the raters overestimated foliage density,but overall agreement between raters and measured values was good(ρc=0.849 to 0.915),and inter-rater reliability was high(R^(2)=0.910 to 0.953).The provenance from Missouri(MOL),the northernmost provenance,had the lowest canopy density in November,and results show that the higher the latitude of the provenance,the lower the canopy *** on regression,the source provenance latitude explained 0.609 of the variation using image analysis,and0.551 to 0.640 when based on the rater estimates of canopy *** assessment of pecan canopy density due to late season leaf fall for comparing pecan genotypes provides accurate and reliable estimates and could be used in future studies of the whole provenance collection.

关键词： Carya illinoinensis Accuracy Reliability Canopy Foliage density Leaf area density Leaf area index

Cell replacement therapy for central nervous system diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1356-1358页

作者： Danju Tso randall D.McKinnon Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery) Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

The brain and spinal cord can not replace neurons or supporting glia that are lost through trau- matic injury or disease. In pre-clinical studies, however, neural stem and progenitor cell transplants can promote functional recovery. Thus the central nervous system is repair competent but lacks endogenous stem cell resources. To make transplants clinically feasible, this field needs a source of histocompatible, ethically acceptable and non-tumorgenic cells. One strategy to generate pa- tient-specific replacement cells is to reprogram autologous cells such as fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells which can then be differentiated into the required cell grafts. However, the utility of pluripotent cell derived grafts is limited since they can retain founder cells with intrinsic neoplastic potential. A recent extension of this technology directly reprograms fibroblasts into the final graft- able cells without an induced pluripotent stem cell intermediate, avoiding the pluripotent caveat. For both types of reprogramming the conversion efficiency is very low resulting in the need to amplify the cells in culture which can lead to chromosomal instability and neoplasia. Thus to make reprogramming biology clinically feasible, we must improve the efficiency. The ultimate source of replacement cells may reside in directly reprogramming accessible cells within the brain.

关键词： in vivo direct reprogramming spinal cord injury trauma personalized medicine induced pluripotent stem cell embryonic stem cells

Use of gene-editing technology to introduce targeted modifications in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 268-277页

作者： Junghyun Ryu randall S.Prather Kiho Lee Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Tech175 W.Campus DriveBlacksburgVA 24061USA Division of Animal Science University of Missouri-Columbia920 East Campus DriveColumbiaMO 65211USA National Swine Resource and Research Center University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbiaMO 65211USA

Pigs are an important resource in agriculture and serve as a model for human diseases. Due to their physiological and anatomical similarities with humans, pigs can recapitulate symptoms of human diseases, making them a useful model in biomedicine. However, in the past pig models have not been widely used partially because of the difficulty in genetic modification. The lack of true embryonic stem cells in pigs forced researchers to utilize genetic modification in somatic cells and somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) to generate genetically engineered(GE) pigs carrying site-specific modifications. Although possible, this approach is extremely inefficient and GE pigs born through this method often presented developmental defects associated with the cloning process. Advancement in the gene-editing systems such as Zinc-Finger Nucleases(ZFNs), Transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs), and the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9(Cas9) system have dramatically increased the efficiency of producing GE pigs. These gene-editing systems, specifically engineered endonucleases, are based on inducing double-stranded breaks(DSBs) at a specific location, and then site-specific modifications can be introduced through one of the two DNA repair pathways: non-homologous end joining(NHEJ) or homology direct repair(HDR).Random insertions or deletions(indels) can be introduced through NHEJ and specific nucleotide sequences can be introduced through HDR, if donor DNA is provided. Use of these engineered endonucleases provides a higher success in genetic modifications, multiallelic modification of the genome, and an opportunity to introduce site-specific modifications during embryogenesis, thus bypassing the need of SCNT in GE pig production. This review will provide a historical prospective of GE pig production and examples of how the gene-editing system, led by engineered endonucleases, have improved GE pig production. We wil

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 Gene-editing Genetic engineering Knock-in Knockout Pig TALEN ZFN