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Protein & Cell 2018年第1期9卷 63-73页

作者： Xinhua Wang Mary Mathieu randall j. Brezski Genentech Antibody Engineering South San Francisco CA 94080 USA

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are among the most effective biotherapeutics to date. An important aspect of antibodies is their ability to bind antigen while at the same time recruit immune effector functions. The maj.rity of approved recombinant monoclonal antibody therapies are of the human IgG1 subclass, which can engage both humoral and cellular components of the immune system. The wealth of information generated about antibodies has afforded investigators the ability to molecularly engineer antibodies to modulate effector functions. Here, we review various antibody engineering efforts intended to improve efficacy and safety relative to the human IgG isotype. Further, we will discuss pro- posed mechanisms by which engineering approaches led to modified interactions with immune components and provide examples of clinical studies using next generation antibodies.

关键词： antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis,complement-dependent cytotoxicity Fc engineering Fcgamma receptor monoclonal antibody neonatal Fc receptor

DOCK8 regulates signal transduction events to control immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第5期14卷 406-411页

作者： Conor j.Kearney Katrina L randall j.ne Oliaro Immune Defence Laboratory Cancer Immunology Division The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre East Melbourne Victoria 3002 Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease The John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia Australian National University Medical School Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2605 Australia

Genetic mutations in the gene encoding DOCK8 cause an autosomal recessive form of hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome （AR-HIES）, referred to as DOCK8 deficiency. DOCK8 deficiency in humans results in the onset of combined immunodeficiency disease （CID）, clinically associated with chronic infections with diverse microbial pathogens, and a predisposition to malignancy. It is now becoming clear that DOCK8 regulates the function of diverse immune cell sub-types, particularly lymphocytes, to drive both innate and adaptive immune responses. Early studies demonstrated that DOCK8 is required for lymphocyte survival, migration and immune synapse formation, which translates to poor pathogen control in the absence of DOCK8. However, more recent advances have pointed to a crucial role for DOCK8 in regulating the signal transduction events that control transcriptional activity, cytokine production and functional polarization of immune cells. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of DOCK8 function, paying particular attention to an emerging role as a signaling intermediate to promote immune responses to diverse external stimuli.

关键词： DOCK8 immunodeficiency lymphocytes NK Cells signal transduction

CPSF30-L: A direct connection between mRNA polyadenylation and m^(6)A RNA modification in plants

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Molecular Plant 2021年第5期14卷 711-713页

作者： Arthur G.hunt Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546-0312USA

Alternative polyadenylation-the series of events that leads to the production of different mRNA isoforms from a primary transcript via usage of different polyadenylation sites within the transcript-is an important facet of gene expression in *** the proteins that control alternative polyadenylation in plants is CPSF30,a core subunit of the polyadenylation complex(Chakrabarti and hunt,2015).In plants,CPSF30 integrates cellular signaling with numerous growth and developmental processes through an interaction with calmodulin(Chakrabarti and Flunt,2015).

关键词： CPSF integrate modification

Asian Urban Environment and Climate Change: Preface

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第9期29卷 1-5页

作者： j.lian hunt j.anping Wu University College London and Trinity College University of Cambridge School of Civil Engineering Tsinghua University

The Asian Network on Climate Science and Technology （***）, in collaboration with Tsinghua University, held a conference on environmental and climate science, air pollution, urban planning and transportation in j.ly 2015, with over 40 Asian experts participating and presentation. This was followed by a meeting with local government and community experts on the practical conclusions of the conference. Of the papers presented at the conference a selection are included in this special issue of ]ournal of Environmental Science, which also reflects the conclusions of the Paris Climate meeting in Dec 2015, when the maj.r nations of the world agreed about the compelling need to reduce the upward trend of adverse impacts associated with global climate change. Now is the time for urban areas to work out the serious consequences for their populations, but also how they should work together to take action to reduce global wanning to benefit their own communities and also the whole planet!

关键词： Air pollution Local government Climate change Paris Agreement (2016) Prevention of global warming

Net ecosystem carbon exchange for Bermuda grass growing in mesocosms as affected by irrigation frequency

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Pedosphere 2022年第3期32卷 393-401页

作者： Yuan LI Gabriel *** Timothy j.CLOUGH j.hn E.hunt David WHITEHEAD Department of Soil and Physical Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7647(New Zealand) Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research P.O.Box 69040Lincoln 7640(New Zealand) State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020(China) Soil Biology Group Wageningen University and ResearchP.O.Box 47Wageningen 6700 AA(The Netherlands)

Intensification of grazed grasslands following conversion from dryland to irrigated farming has the potential to alter ecosystem carbon(C)cycling and affect components of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange that could lead to either net accumulation or loss of soil *** there are many studies on the effect of water availability on biomass production and soil C stocks,much less is known about the effect of the frequency of water inputs on the components of CO_(2)*** grew Bermuda grass(Cynodon dactylon L.)in mesocosms under irrigation frequencies of every day(I_(1) treatment,30 d),every two days(I_(2) treatment,12 d),every three days(I_(3) treatment,30 d),and every six days(I_(6) treatment,18 d,after I_(2) treatment).Rates of CO_(2)exchange for estimating net ecosystem CO_(2)exchange(F_(N)),ecosystem respiration(R_(E)),and soil respiration(R_(S))were measured,and gross C uptake by plants(F_(G))and respiration from leaves(R_(L))were calculated during two periods,1–12 and 13–30 d,of the 30-d *** the first 12 d,there were no significant differences in cumulative F_(N)(mean±standard deviation,61±30 g C m^(-2),n=4).During the subsequent 18 d,cumulative F_(N) decreased with decreasing irrigation frequency and increasing cumulative soil water deficit(W),with values of 70±22,60±16,and 18±12 g C m^(-2) for the I_(1),I_(3),and I_(6) treatments,*** were similar decreases in F_(G),R_(E),and R_(L) with increasing W,but differences in R_(S) were not *** of the C_(4) grass growing in a C_(3)-derived soil enabled partitioning of R_(S) into its autotrophic(R_(A))and heterotrophic(R_(H))components using a^(13)C natural abundance isotopic technique at the end of the experiment when differences in cumulative W between the treatments were the *** values of R_(H) and its percentage contributions to R_(S)(43%±8%,42%±8%,and 8%±5%for the I_(1),I_(3),and I_(6) treatments,respectively)suggested that R_(H) remained unaffected across a wide

关键词： ^(13)C natural abundance CO_(2)exchange N_(2)O emission soil heterotrophic respiration water deficit

Examination of literature on colloidal dispersion gels for oil recovery

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Petroleum Science 2021年第4期18卷 1097-1114页

作者： Dongmei Wang randall S.Seright University of North Dakota United States New Mexico Tech United States

This paper examines literature that claims,suggests,or implies that floods with"colloidal dispersion gels"(CDGs)are superior to polymer floods for oil *** motivation for this report is *** CDGs can propagate deep into the porous rock of a reservoir,and at the same time,provide resistance factors or residual resistance factors that are greater than those for the same polymer formulation without the crosslinker,then CDGs should be used in place of polymer solutions for most/all polymer,surfactant,and ASP *** contrast,if the claims are not valid,(1)money spent on crosslinker in the CDG formulations was wasted,(2)the mobility reduction/mobility control for CDG field proj.cts was under-designed,and(3)reservoir performance could have been damaged by excessive loss of polymer,face-plugging by gels,and/or excessive fracture *** this review,the clear answer is that there is no credible evidence that colloidal dispersion gels can propagate deep into the porous rock of a reservoir,and at the same time,provide resistance factors or residual resistance factors that are greater than those for the same polymer formulation without the *** have been sold using a number of misleading and invalid *** commonly,Hall plots are claimed to demonstrate that CDGs provide higher resistance factors and/or residual resistance factors than normal polymer ***,because Hall plots only monitor inj.ction pressures at the wellbore,they reflect the composite of face plugging/formation damage,in-situ mobility changes,and fracture *** plots cannot distinguish between these effects-so they cannot quantify in situ resistance factors or residual resistance *** studiesdwhere CDG gelants were forced through short cores during 2-3 h-have incorrectly been cited as proof that CDGs will propagate deep(hundreds of feet)into the porous rock of a reservoir over the course of *** contrast,most legitimate laboratory s

关键词： Conformance improvement Colloidal dispersion gels Polymer flooding Mobility control

Buoyancy and turbulence-driven atmospheric circulation over urban areas

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第9期29卷 63-71页

作者： Yifan Fan j.lian Charles Roland hunt Yuguo Li Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Earth Sciences University College LondonLondonWC1E6BTUK Malaysian Commonwealth Studies Centre CambridgeCB23RFUK

In the buoyancy and turbulence-driven atmospheric circulations（BTDAC） that occur over urban areas where the approach means wind speeds are very low（less than turbulent fluctuations and typically 3 m/sec）, the surface temperatures are significantly higher than those in the external rural areas, and the atmosphere above the mixing layer is stably stratified. In this paper, the mechanisms of BTDAC formation are studied through laboratory experiments and modelling, with additional low-level inflow from external rural areas and a divergent outflow in the opposite direction in the upper part of the mixed layer. Strong turbulent plumes in the central region mix the flow between lower and higher levels up to the inversion height. There are shear-driven turbulent eddies and weaker buoyant plumes around the periphery of the urban area. As the approach flow is very weak,the recirculating streamlines within the dome restrict the ventilation, and the dispersion of pollution emitted from sources below the inversion height leading to a rise in the mean concentration. Low-level air entrained from rural areas can, however, improve ventilation and lower this concentration. This trend can also be improved if the recirculating structure of the BTDAC flow pattern over urban areas breaks down as a result of the surface temperature distribution not being symmetrical, or as the approach wind speed increases to a level comparable with the mean velocity of circulation, or（except near the equator） the urban area is large enough that the Coriolis acceleration is significant.

关键词： Urban heat island Buoyancy and turbulence-driven Eddy structures Atmospheric circulation Pollutant dispersion

Understanding fluorine-free electrolytes via small-angle X-ray scattering

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j.urnal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 340-346,I0009页

作者： Kun Qian Zhou Yu Yuzi Liu David j.Gosztola randall E.Winans Lei Cheng Tao Li Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA Materials Science Division and j.int Center for Energy Storage Research Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA X-ray Science Division and j.int Center for Energy Storage Research Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA

Fluorine-free electrolytes have attracted great attention because of its low-cost and environmental friendliness. However, so far, little is known about the solution structures of these electrolytes. Here,we compare the solvation phenomenon of sodium tetraphenylborate(NaBPh_(4)) salt dissolved in organic solvents of propylene carbonate(PC), 1,2-dimethoxyethane(DME), acetonitrile(ACN) and tetrahydrofuran(THF). Small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) reveals a unique two-peak structural feature in this saltconcentrated PC electrolyte, while solutions using other solvents only have one scattering *** dynamics(MD) simulations further reveal that there are anion-based clusters in addition to the short-range charge ordering in the concentrated NaBPh4/PC electrolyte. Raman spectroscopy confirms the existence of considerable contact ion pairs(CIPs). This work emphasizes the importance of global and local structural analysis, which will provide valuable clues for understanding the structureperformance relationship of electrolytes.

关键词： Fluorine-free electrolytes Sodium-ion batteries Small-angle X-ray scattering Solvation structures Sodium tetraphenylborate

Validity of a noninvasive estimation of deep body temperature when wearing personal protective equipment during exercise and recovery

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Military Medical Research 2019年第4期6卷 328-339页

作者： Andrew P.hunt Mark j.Buller Matthew j.Maley j.seph T.Costello Ian B.Stewart School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences&Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine NatickMAUSA Extreme Environments Laboratory Department of Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK

Background:Deep body temperature is a critical indicator of heat ***,direct measures are often invasive,costly,and difficult to implement in the *** study assessed the agreement between deep body temperature estimated from heart rate and that measured directly during repeated work bouts while wearing explosive ordnance disposal(EOD)protective clothing and during ***:Eight males completed three work and recovery periods across two separate *** consisted of treadmill walking on a 1%incline at 2.5,4.0,or 5.5 km/h,in a random order,wearing EOD protective *** temperature and relative humidity were maintained at 24℃and 50%[Wet bulb globe temperature(WBGT)(20.9±1.2)℃]or 32℃and 60%[WBGT(29.0±0.2)℃]on the separate days,*** rate and gastrointestinal temperature(TGI)were monitored continuously,and deep body temperature was also estimated from heart rate(ECTemp).Results:The overall systematic bias between TGI and ECTemp was 0.01℃with 95%limits of agreement(Lo A)of±0.64℃and a root mean square error of 0.32℃.The average error statistics among participants showed no significant differences in error between the exercise and recovery periods or the environmental *** TGI levels of(37.0–37.5)℃,(37.5–38.0)℃,(38.0–38.5)℃,and>38.5℃,the systematic bias and±95%Lo A were(0.08±0.58)℃,(–0.02±0.69)℃,(–0.07±0.63)℃,and(–0.32±0.56)℃,***:The findings demonstrate acceptable validity of the ECTemp up to 38.5℃.Conducting work within an ECTemp limit of 38.4℃,in conditions similar to the present study,would protect the maj.rity of personnel from an excessive elevation in deep body temperature(>39.0℃).

关键词： Protective clothing Body core temperature Heat strain Heat stress Kalman filter Explosive ordnance disposal