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Evolutionary computation in zoology and ecology

Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 675-686页

作者： randall B. BOONE Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and the Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability ColoradoState University Fort Collins CO 80523-1499 USA

Evolutionary computational methods have adopted attributes of natural selection and evolution to solve problems in computer science, engineering, and other fields. The method is growing in use in zoology and ecology. Evolutionary principles may be merged with an agent-based modeling perspective to have individual animals or other agents compete. Four main categories are discussed： genetic algorithms, evolutionary programming, genetic programming, and evolutionary strategies. In evolutionary computation, a population is represented in a way that allows for an objective function to be assessed that is relevant to the problem of interest. The poorest performing members are removed from the population, and remaining members reproduce and may be mutated. The fitness of the members is again assessed, and the cycle continues until a stopping condition is met. Case studies include optimizing： egg shape given different clutch sizes, mate selection, migration of wildebeest, birds, and elk, vulture foraging behavior, algal bloom prediction, and species richness given energy constraints. Other case studies simulate the evolution of species and a means to project shifts in species ranges in response to a changing climate that includes competition and phenotypic plasticity. This introduction concludes by citing other uses of evolutionary computation and a review of the flexibility of the methods. For example, representing species＇ niche spaces subject to selective pressure allows studies on cladistics, the taxon cycle, neutral versus niche paradigms, fundamental versus realized niches, community structure and order of colonization, invasiveness, and responses to a changing climate.

关键词： agent-based modeling case studies evolutionary programming evolutionary strategies genetic algorithms geneticprogramming.

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Examination of literature on colloidal dispersion gels for oil recovery

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Petroleum Science 2021年第4期18卷 1097-1114页

作者： Dongmei Wang randall S.Seright University of North Dakota United States New Mexico Tech United States

This paper examines literature that claims,suggests,or implies that floods with"colloidal dispersion gels"(CDGs)are superior to polymer floods for oil *** motivation for this report is *** CDGs can propagate deep into the porous rock of a reservoir,and at the same time,provide resistance factors or residual resistance factors that are greater than those for the same polymer formulation without the crosslinker,then CDGs should be used in place of polymer solutions for most/all polymer,surfactant,and ASP *** contrast,if the claims are not valid,(1)money spent on crosslinker in the CDG formulations was wasted,(2)the mobility reduction/mobility control for CDG field projects was under-designed,and(3)reservoir performance could have been damaged by excessive loss of polymer,face-plugging by gels,and/or excessive fracture *** this review,the clear answer is that there is no credible evidence that colloidal dispersion gels can propagate deep into the porous rock of a reservoir,and at the same time,provide resistance factors or residual resistance factors that are greater than those for the same polymer formulation without the *** have been sold using a number of misleading and invalid *** commonly,Hall plots are claimed to demonstrate that CDGs provide higher resistance factors and/or residual resistance factors than normal polymer ***,because Hall plots only monitor injection pressures at the wellbore,they reflect the composite of face plugging/formation damage,in-situ mobility changes,and fracture *** plots cannot distinguish between these effects-so they cannot quantify in situ resistance factors or residual resistance *** studiesdwhere CDG gelants were forced through short cores during 2-3 h-have incorrectly been cited as proof that CDGs will propagate deep(hundreds of feet)into the porous rock of a reservoir over the course of *** contrast,most legitimate laboratory s

关键词： Conformance improvement Colloidal dispersion gels Polymer flooding Mobility control

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Visual rating and the use of image analysis for assessing canopy density in a pecan provenance collection during leaf fall

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第6期34卷 1843-1854页

作者： Cristina Pisani Clive H.Bock Jennifer randall United States Department of Agriculture−Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS)Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Station(SEFTNRS)ByronGA 31008USA Department of Entomology Plant Pathology and Weed ScienceNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA

A collection representing the native range of pecan was planted at the US DA-ARS Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Station,Byron,*** collection(867 trees)is a valuable genetic resource for characterizing important horticultural *** density during leaf fall is important as the seasonal canopy dynamics provides insights to environmental cues and breeding potential of *** ability of visual raters to estimate canopy density on a subset of the provenance collection(76 trees)as an indicator of leaf shed during autumn along with image analysis values was *** canopy density using the image analysis software was less compared to visual estimates(11.9%vs 18.4%,respectively).At higher canopy densities,the raters overestimated foliage density,but overall agreement between raters and measured values was good(ρc=0.849 to 0.915),and inter-rater reliability was high(R^(2)=0.910 to 0.953).The provenance from Missouri(MOL),the northernmost provenance,had the lowest canopy density in November,and results show that the higher the latitude of the provenance,the lower the canopy *** on regression,the source provenance latitude explained 0.609 of the variation using image analysis,and0.551 to 0.640 when based on the rater estimates of canopy *** assessment of pecan canopy density due to late season leaf fall for comparing pecan genotypes provides accurate and reliable estimates and could be used in future studies of the whole provenance collection.

关键词： Carya illinoinensis Accuracy Reliability Canopy Foliage density Leaf area density Leaf area index

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Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) A Reference Guide 影印版

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丛书名：电子工程系列丛书

2003年

作者： randall R. Stewart, Qiaobing Xie

本书详细叙述了SCTP的协议内容和应用实现

ISBN: (纸本)7900643958

本书详细叙述了SCTP的协议内容和应用实现

关键词： Stream Control Transmission Protocol (Computer network protocol)

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Cell replacement therapy for central nervous system diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1356-1358页

作者： Danju Tso randall D.McKinnon Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery) Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

The brain and spinal cord can not replace neurons or supporting glia that are lost through trau- matic injury or disease. In pre-clinical studies, however, neural stem and progenitor cell transplants can promote functional recovery. Thus the central nervous system is repair competent but lacks endogenous stem cell resources. To make transplants clinically feasible, this field needs a source of histocompatible, ethically acceptable and non-tumorgenic cells. One strategy to generate pa- tient-specific replacement cells is to reprogram autologous cells such as fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells which can then be differentiated into the required cell grafts. However, the utility of pluripotent cell derived grafts is limited since they can retain founder cells with intrinsic neoplastic potential. A recent extension of this technology directly reprograms fibroblasts into the final graft- able cells without an induced pluripotent stem cell intermediate, avoiding the pluripotent caveat. For both types of reprogramming the conversion efficiency is very low resulting in the need to amplify the cells in culture which can lead to chromosomal instability and neoplasia. Thus to make reprogramming biology clinically feasible, we must improve the efficiency. The ultimate source of replacement cells may reside in directly reprogramming accessible cells within the brain.

关键词： in vivo direct reprogramming spinal cord injury trauma personalized medicine induced pluripotent stem cell embryonic stem cells

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Use of gene-editing technology to introduce targeted modifications in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 268-277页

作者： Junghyun Ryu randall S.Prather Kiho Lee Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Tech175 W.Campus DriveBlacksburgVA 24061USA Division of Animal Science University of Missouri-Columbia920 East Campus DriveColumbiaMO 65211USA National Swine Resource and Research Center University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbiaMO 65211USA

Pigs are an important resource in agriculture and serve as a model for human diseases. Due to their physiological and anatomical similarities with humans, pigs can recapitulate symptoms of human diseases, making them a useful model in biomedicine. However, in the past pig models have not been widely used partially because of the difficulty in genetic modification. The lack of true embryonic stem cells in pigs forced researchers to utilize genetic modification in somatic cells and somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) to generate genetically engineered(GE) pigs carrying site-specific modifications. Although possible, this approach is extremely inefficient and GE pigs born through this method often presented developmental defects associated with the cloning process. Advancement in the gene-editing systems such as Zinc-Finger Nucleases(ZFNs), Transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs), and the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9(Cas9) system have dramatically increased the efficiency of producing GE pigs. These gene-editing systems, specifically engineered endonucleases, are based on inducing double-stranded breaks(DSBs) at a specific location, and then site-specific modifications can be introduced through one of the two DNA repair pathways: non-homologous end joining(NHEJ) or homology direct repair(HDR).Random insertions or deletions(indels) can be introduced through NHEJ and specific nucleotide sequences can be introduced through HDR, if donor DNA is provided. Use of these engineered endonucleases provides a higher success in genetic modifications, multiallelic modification of the genome, and an opportunity to introduce site-specific modifications during embryogenesis, thus bypassing the need of SCNT in GE pig production. This review will provide a historical prospective of GE pig production and examples of how the gene-editing system, led by engineered endonucleases, have improved GE pig production. We wil

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 Gene-editing Genetic engineering Knock-in Knockout Pig TALEN ZFN

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DOCK8 regulates signal transduction events to control immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第5期14卷 406-411页

作者： Conor J Kearney Katrina L randall Jane Oliaro Immune Defence Laboratory Cancer Immunology Division The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre East Melbourne Victoria 3002 Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease The John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia Australian National University Medical School Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2605 Australia

Genetic mutations in the gene encoding DOCK8 cause an autosomal recessive form of hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome （AR-HIES）, referred to as DOCK8 deficiency. DOCK8 deficiency in humans results in the onset of combined immunodeficiency disease （CID）, clinically associated with chronic infections with diverse microbial pathogens, and a predisposition to malignancy. It is now becoming clear that DOCK8 regulates the function of diverse immune cell sub-types, particularly lymphocytes, to drive both innate and adaptive immune responses. Early studies demonstrated that DOCK8 is required for lymphocyte survival, migration and immune synapse formation, which translates to poor pathogen control in the absence of DOCK8. However, more recent advances have pointed to a crucial role for DOCK8 in regulating the signal transduction events that control transcriptional activity, cytokine production and functional polarization of immune cells. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of DOCK8 function, paying particular attention to an emerging role as a signaling intermediate to promote immune responses to diverse external stimuli.

关键词： DOCK8 immunodeficiency lymphocytes NK Cells signal transduction

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES ON SOCIAL CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY： THE ROLE OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第1期10卷 24-45页

作者： Maya Hertig randall the Faculty of Law Geneva University Switzerland and Director of the Department of Public Law at the same faculty attorney at law LL.M.

The political and the economic spheres increasingly overlap. Consumption is viewed not only as an economic act, but also as an act of political and moral significance. Due to the blurring of the commercial and the political spheres, consumers use their purchasing power as a carrot and a stick for corporations to comply with corporate social responsibility （CSR） standards. As a consequence, corporate communication strategies tend to highlight commitment to CSR standards, portraying companies as ＂＇good corporate citizens.＂ Conversely, other stakeholders expose unethical business practices so as to induce corporate change. Both sides tend to invoke freedom of expression with a view to opposing limitations on their communication strategies. Taking two well-known examples as a starting point, the present article explores the role of freedom of expression as a means to incite corporate actors to both adopt and comply with CSR standards from a comparative perspective. Using an economic framework, it argues that non-commercial expression critical of corporate practices deserves a higher level of protection than corporate communication strategies.

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IgG Fc engineering to modulate antiboc affector functions

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Protein & Cell 2018年第1期9卷 63-73页

作者： Xinhua Wang Mary Mathieu randall J. Brezski Genentech Antibody Engineering South San Francisco CA 94080 USA

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are among the most effective biotherapeutics to date. An important aspect of antibodies is their ability to bind antigen while at the same time recruit immune effector functions. The majority of approved recombinant monoclonal antibody therapies are of the human IgG1 subclass, which can engage both humoral and cellular components of the immune system. The wealth of information generated about antibodies has afforded investigators the ability to molecularly engineer antibodies to modulate effector functions. Here, we review various antibody engineering efforts intended to improve efficacy and safety relative to the human IgG isotype. Further, we will discuss pro- posed mechanisms by which engineering approaches led to modified interactions with immune components and provide examples of clinical studies using next generation antibodies.

关键词： antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis,complement-dependent cytotoxicity Fc engineering Fcgamma receptor monoclonal antibody neonatal Fc receptor

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Sustaining the gains made in malaria control and elimination

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 217-218页

作者： randall A Kramer Adriane Lesser Duke Global Health Institute and Nicholas School of the Environment Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Significant progress has been made in the last 25 years to reduce the malaria burden,but considerable challenges *** gains have resulted from large investments in a range of control measures targeting *** and co-authors find a strong relationship between education level and net usage with malaria parasitemia in pregnant women,suggesting the need for targeted control *** and co-workers find important links between agriculture and malaria with implications for inter-sectoral collaboration for malaria control.

关键词： Malaria control Elimination Resistance Inter-sectoral

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