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Comparative analyses of mitogenomes in the social bees with insights into evolution of long inverted repeats in the Meliponini

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 160-175页

作者： Yu-ran Li zheng-Wei Wang Richard T.Corlett Wen-Bin Yu Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants&Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China

The insect mitogenome is typically a compact circular molecule with highly conserved gene contents.Nonetheless,mitogenome structural variations have been reported in specific taxa,and gene rearrangements,usually the tRNAs,occur in different lineages.Because synapomorphies of mitogenome organizations can provide information for phylogenetic inferences,comparative analyses of mitogenomes have been given increasing attention.However,most studies use a very few species to represent the whole genus,tribe,family,or even order,overlooking potential variations at lower taxonomic levels,which might lead to some incorrect inferences.To provide new insights into mitogenome organizations and their implications for phylogenetic inference,this study conducted comparative analyses for mitogenomes of three social bee tribes(Meliponini,Bombini,and Apini)based on the phylogenetic framework with denser taxonomic sampling at the species and population levels.Comparative analyses revealed that mitogenomes of Apini and Bombini are the typical type,while those of Meliponini show diverse variations in mitogenome sizes and organizations.Large inverted repeats(IRs)cause significant gene rearrangements of protein coding genes(PCGs)and rRNAs in Indo-Malay/Australian stingless bee species.Molecular evolution analyses showed that the lineage with IRs have lower dN/dS ratios for PCGs than lineages without IRs,indicating potential effects of IRs on the evolution of mitochondrial genes.The finding of IRs and different patterns of gene rearrangements suggested that Meliponini is a hotspot in mitogenome evolution.Unlike conserved PCGs and rRNAs whose rearrangements were found only in the mentioned lineages within Meliponini,tRNA rearrangements are common across all three tribes of social bees,and are significant even at the species level,indicating that comprehensive sampling is needed to fully understand the patterns of tRNA rearrangements,and their implications for phylogenetic inference.

关键词： Social bees Phylogeny Mitogenome structure Gene rearrangement Inverted repeats

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Conductive catalysis by subsurface transition metals

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 86-93页

作者： Xin Deng Caiyan zheng Yangsheng Li Zeyu Zhou Jiamin Wang Yihua ran Zhenpeng Hu Fan Yang Landong Li Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter College of ChemistryNankai University School of Physics Nankai University School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations

The nature of catalysis has been hotly pursued for over a century, and current research is focused on understanding active centers and their electronic structures. Herein, the concept of conductive catalysis is proposed and verified by theoretical simulations and experimental observations. Metallic systems containing buried catalytically active transitional metals and exposed catalytically inert main group metals are constructed, and the electronic interaction between them via metallic bonding is disclosed. Through the electronic interaction, the catalytic properties of subsurface transitional metals(Pd or Rh) can be transferred to outermost main group metals(Al or Mg) for several important transformations like semi-hydrogenation,Suzuki-coupling and hydroformylation. The catalytic force is conductive, in analogy with the magnetic force and electrostatic force. The traditional definition of active centers is challenged by the concept of conductive catalysis and the electronic nature of catalysis is more easily understood. It might provide new opportunities for shielding traditional active centers against poisoning or leaching and allow for precise regulation of their catalytic properties by the conductive layer.

关键词： electronic interaction conductive catalysis subsurface transition metal

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MiR-30a-5p alleviates LPS-induced HPMEC injury through regulation of autophagy via Beclin-1

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BIOCELL 2024年第3期48卷 431-441页

作者： ran PAN JIAYAN MAO YUELIANG zheng WEI CHEN JUNPING GUO LIJUN WANG Rainbowfish Rehabilitation and Nursing School Hangzhou Vocational&Technical CollegeHangzhou310018China Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineZhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineHangzhou310012China Geriatric Medicine Center Department of EndocrinologyZhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital(Affiliated People’s Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310015China

Background:Sepsis,a type of systemic disease,can impact nearly all organs,tissues and cells.Among them,endothelial cells are amongst theﬁrst to be affected and respond to the insult.In this study,we investigated the protective effects of microRNA-30a-5p(miR-30a-5p)on human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells(HPMECs)treated with lipolysaccharide(LPS).Methods:An in vitro model of sepsis was established in HPMECs with the use of LPS.Transfecting with different tools(mimetic and inhibitor)to modify miR-30a-5p expression.Cell viability,proliferation and apoptosis were detected by the CCK-8 assay,the EdU kit andﬂuorescence staining,respectively.The autophagy-related protein and mRNA expression,the number of autophagosomes were separately examined through Western blot analysis,qPT-PCR and confocal microscopy.TargetScan and the luciferase reporter assays were used to probe target genes interacting with miR-30a-5p.Results:LPS caused a reduction in the viability and proliferation of HPMECs,as well as an elevation in the number of apoptotic cells.Subsequently,we observed that miR-30a-5p might play a role in preventing LPS-induced inhibition of cell damage and decreasing HPMEC apoptosis,suggesting the potential function of miR-30a-5p in this injury process.Finally,we conﬁrmed that miR-30a-5p exerts its protective effect by regulating cell autophagy,possibly by targeting Beclin-1.Conclusion:Our study provided evidence that autophagy is a crucial aspect in the protective role of miR-30a-5p against LPS-induced HPMEC injury,identifying a promising target for sepsis-related endothelial cell injury.

关键词： Sepsis Endothelial cells MicroRNA Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

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One-step conversion of methane and formaldehyde to ethanol over SA-FLP dual-active-site catalysts: A DFT study

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 544-548页

作者： Tao Ban Xi-Yang Yu Hai-Kuo Tian zheng-Qing Huang Chun-ran Chang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYulin UniversityYulin 719000China

One-step conversion of methane and formaldehyde into ethanol is a 100% atom-efficient process for carbon resources utilization and environment protection but still faces eminent challenges due to the lacking of efficient catalysts. Therefore, developing active and stable catalysts is crucial for the co-conversion of methane and formaldehyde. Herein, twelve kinds of “Single-Atom”-“Frustrated Lewis Pair”(SA-FLP)dual-active-site catalysts are designed for the direct conversion of methane and formaldehyde to ethanol based on density functional theory(DFT) calculations and microkinetic simulations. The results show that the SA-FLP dual active sites can simultaneously activate methane at the SA site and activate formaldehyde at the FLP site. Among the twelve designed SA-FLP catalysts, Fe1-FLP shows the best performance in the co-conversion of methane and formaldehyde to ethanol with the rate-determining barrier of 1.15 e V.Ethanol is proved as the main product with the turnover frequency of 1.32 × 10^(-4)s^(-1)at 573 K and 3 bar.This work provides a universal strategy to design dual active sites on metal oxide materials and offers new insights into the effective conversion of methane and formaldehyde to desired C_(2) chemicals.

关键词： Single-atom Frustrated Lewis pairs Methane conversion Dual active sites Ethanol synthesis

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Liquid lens based holographic camera for real 3D scene hologram acquisition using end-to-end physical model-driven network

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 488-497页

作者： Di Wang Zhao-Song Li Yi zheng You-ran Zhao Chao Liu Jin-Bo Xu Yi-Wei zheng Qian Huang Chen-Liang Chang Da-Wei Zhang Song-Lin Zhuang Qiong-Hua Wang School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

With the development of artificial intelligence,neural network provides unique opportunities for holography,such as high fidelity and dynamic calculation.How to obtain real 3D scene and generate high fidelity hologram in real time is an urgent problem.Here,we propose a liquid lens based holographic camera for real 3D scene hologram acquisition using an end-to-end physical model-driven network(EEPMD-Net).As the core component of the liquid camera,the first 10 mm large aperture electrowetting-based liquid lens is proposed by using specially fabricated solution.The design of the liquid camera ensures that the multi-layers of the real 3D scene can be obtained quickly and with great imaging performance.The EEPMD-Net takes the information of real 3D scene as the input,and uses two new structures of encoder and decoder networks to realize low-noise phase generation.By comparing the intensity information between the reconstructed image after depth fusion and the target scene,the composite loss function is constructed for phase optimization,and the high-fidelity training of hologram with true depth of the 3D scene is realized for the first time.The holographic camera achieves the high-fidelity and fast generation of the hologram of the real 3D scene,and the reconstructed experiment proves that the holographic image has the advantage of low noise.The proposed holographic camera is unique and can be used in 3D display,measurement,encryption and other fields.

关键词： calculation solution holographic

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Detection approach for unusable shared bikes enabled by reinforcement learning and Pagerank algorithm

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2023年第2期4卷 220-227页

作者： Yu Zhou ran zheng Gang Kou Colege of Economics and Management Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China School of Business Administration Southwestern University of Finance and EconomicsChengdu 611130China

Existing research models can neither indicate the availability of shared bikes nor detect unusable ones owing to a lack of information on bike maintenance and failure.To improve awareness regarding the availability of shared bikes,we propose an innovative approach for detecting unusable shared bikes based on reinforcement learning and the Pagerank algorithm.The proposed method identifies unusable shared bikes depending on the local travel data and provides a ranking of the shared bikes according to their availability levels.Given a sliding time window,the value function for the reinforcement learning model was determined by considering the cumulative number of unavailable shared bikes,the proportion of rental cancelations at the same stations,and the mean time between the cancelations.Reinforcement learning was then used to identify shared bikes with the worst availability.An availability ranking for the shared bikes below the reward threshold was performed using the Pagerank algorithm.The proposed detection approach was applied to a trip dataset of a real-world bike-sharing system to illustrate the modeling process and its effectiveness.The detection results of unusable shared bikes in the absence of failure and feedback data can provide essential information to support the maintenance management decisions regarding shared bikes.

关键词： Bike-sharing system Bike availability Maintenance Failure Shared bike Intelligent transportation Reinforcement learning Pagerank algorithm Detection

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New progress of small-molecule drugs in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第5期137卷 556-558页

作者： Dongying Yao Zhihua ran Department of Gastroenterology Zhou Pu Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Health&Medical SciencesShanghai 201318China

With the advent of small-molecule drugs,treatment of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has reached a new stage.In contrast to biologics,small-molecule drugs can be made into oral dosage forms with a short half-life and are suitable for administration 1–2 times a day.Small-molecule drugs work by inhibiting the transmission of key intracellular signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)[Figure 1].They do not induce anti-drug antibodies in patients or lead to loss of response after treatment.

关键词： drugs treatment inflammatory

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Understanding the combustion behavior of electric bicycle batteries and unveiling its relationship with fire extinguishing

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 609-618页

作者： Zhanglong Yu Xueling Shen ran Xu zheng Wang Zengming Wan Mingyang Chen Yi Cui Yanyan Fang Xiaoli Ma China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 101407China China Grinm Group Co. Ltd.Beijing 100088China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Equipment Industry Development CenterBeijing 100846China Hefei Guoxuan High-tech Power energy Co. Ltd.Hefei 230000AnhuiChina

In this study,a detailed analysis of the combustion behaviors of the lithium iron phosphate(LFP)and lithium manganese oxide(LMO)batteries used in electric bicycles was conducted.This research included quantitative measurements of the combustion duration,flame height,combustion temperature,heat release rate,and total heat release.The results indicated that LMO batteries exhibited higher combustion temperatures of 600–700°C,flame heights of 70–75 cm,a significantly higher heat release rate of40.1 k W(12 Ah),and a total heat release of 1.04 MJ(12 Ah)compared to LFP batteries with the same capacity.Based on these experimental results,a normalized total heat release(NORTHR)parameter was proposed,demonstrating good universality for batteries with different capacities.Utilizing this parameter,quantitative calculations and optimization of the extinguishing agent dosage were conducted for fires involving these two types of batteries,and the method was validated by extinguishing fires for these two types of battery packs with water-based extinguishing fluids.

关键词： Combustion behavior Electric bicycle Lithium-ion battery Fire extinguishing Normalized total heat release

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Tracked robot with underactuated tension-driven RRP transformable mechanism:ideas and design

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第1期19卷 85-104页

作者： ran XU Chao LIU School of Mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing Measuring and Control Technology(Ministry of Education)Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

Robots with transformable tracked mechanisms are widely used in complex terrains because of their high adaptability,and many studies on novel locomotion mechanisms have been conducted to make them able to climb higher obstacles.Developing underactuated transformable mechanisms for tracked robots could decrease the number of actuators used while maintaining the flexibility and obstacle-crossing capability of these robots,and increasing their cost performance.Therefore,the underactuated tracked robots have appreciable research potential.In this paper,a novel tracked robot with a newly proposed underactuated revolute‒revolute‒prismatic(RRP)transformable mechanism,which is inspired by the sit-up actions of humans,was developed.The newly proposed tracked robot has only two actuators installed on the track pulleys for moving and does not need extra actuators for transformations.Instead,it could concentrate the track belt’s tension toward one side,and the unbalanced tension would drive the linkage mechanisms to change its configuration.Through this method,the proposed underactuated design could change its external shape to create support points with the terrain and move its center of mass actively at the same time while climbing obstacles or crossing other kinds of terrains,thus greatly improving the climbing capability of the robot.The geometry and kinematic relationships of the robot and the crossing strategies for three kinds of typical obstacles are discussed.On the basis of such crossing motions,the parameters of links in the robot are designed to make sure the robot has sufficient stability while climbing obstacles.Terrain-crossing dynamic simulations were run and analyzed to prove the feasibility of the robot.A prototype was built and tested.Experiments show that the proposed robot could climb platforms with heights up to 33.3%of the robot’s length or cross gaps with widths up to 43.5%of the robot’s length.

关键词： mechanical design tracked robot underactuated mechanisms RRP mechanism obstacle crossing strategy

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A novel relationship between elastic modulus and void ratio associated with principal stress for coral calcareous sand

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 1033-1048页

作者： ran Gao Jianhong Ye State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Elastic moduli,e.***.shear modulus G and bulk modulus K,are important parameters of geotechnical materials,which are not only the indices for the evaluation of the deformation ability of soils but also the important basic parameters for the development of the constitutive models of geotechnical materials.In this study,a series of triaxial loading-unloading-reloading shear tests and isotropic loading-unloadingreloading tests are conducted to study several typical mechanical properties of coral calcareous sand(CCS),and the void ratio evolution during loading,unloading and reloading.The test results show that the stress-strain curves during multiple unloading processes are almost parallel,and their slopes are much greater than the deformation modulus at the initial stage of loading.The relationship between the confining pressure and the volumetric strain can be defined approximately by a hyperbolic equation under the condition of monotonic loading of confining pressure.Under the condition of confining pressure unloading,the evolution of void ratio is linear in the e-lnp0 plane,and these lines are a series of almost parallel lines if there are multiple processes of unloading.Based on the experimental results,it is found that the modified Hardin formulae for the elastic modulus estimation have a significant deviation from the tested values for CCS.Based on the experimental results,it is proposed that the elastic modulus of soils should be determined by the intersection line of two spatial surfaces in the G/K-e-p’/pa space(pa:atmosphere pressure).“Ye formulation”is further proposed for the estimation of the elastic modulus of CCS.This new estimation formulation for soil elastic modulus would provide a new method to accurately describe the mechanical behavior of granular soils.

关键词： Coral calcareous sand(CCS) Elastic shear modulus Elastic bulk modulus Triaxial test Estimation formulation Ye formulation

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